Closed Orbit Response to Quadrupole Strength Variation

Abstract We derive two formulae relating the variation in closed orbit in a storage ring to variations in quadrupole strength, neglecting nonlinear and dispersive effects. These formulae correct results previously reporte

Stabilizing effect of a double-harmonic RF system in the CERN PS

Motivated by the discussions on scenarios for LHC upgrades, beam studies on the stability of flat bunches in a double-harmonic RF system have been conducted in the CERN Proton Synchrotron (PS). Injecting nearly nominal LHC beam intensity per cycle, 18 bunches are accelerated on harmonic h = 21 to 26GeV with the 10MHz RF system. On the flat-top, all bunches are then transformed to flat bunches by adiabatically adding RF voltage at h = 42 from a 20MHz cavity in anti-phase to the h = 21 system. The voltage ratio V (h42)/V (h21) of about 0.5 was set according to simulations. For the next 140 ms, longitudinal profiles show stable bunches in the double-harmonic RF bucket until extraction. Without the second harmonic component, coupled-bunch oscillations are observed. The flatness of the bunches along the batch is analyzed as a measure of the relative phase error between the RF systems due to beam loading. The results of beam dynamics simulations and their comparison with the measured data are presented

Equilibrium Beam Distribution and Halo in the LHC

Abstract The equilibrium LHC beam distribution at large amplitudes is a crucial input to the collimation and machine protection design, as well as to background studies. Its estimation requires a knowledge of the diffusion rates at which beam particles are transported to large transverse or longitudinal amplitudes. Important known mechanisms of particle diffusion include Touschek scattering, synchrotron radiation, intrabeam scattering (IBS), the nonlinear motion due to the long-range (LR) beam-beam (BB) collisions at top energy, persistent-current field errors during injection and at the start of acceleration, and Coulomb scattering off the residual gas. We summarize the expected contributions from different sources, introduce a diffusion model, and illustrate the evolution of the beam distribution at 7 TeV

A High Luminosity e+e- Collider to study the Higgs Boson

A strong candidate for the Standard Model Scalar boson, H(126), has been discovered by the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments. In order to study this fundamental particle with unprecedented precision, and to perform precision tests of the closure of the Standard Model, we investigate the possibilities offered by An e+e- storage ring collider. We use a design inspired by the B-factories, taking into account the performance achieved at LEP2, and imposing a synchrotron radiation power limit of 100 MW. At the most relevant centre-of-mass energy of 240 GeV, near-constant luminosities of 10^34 cm^{-2}s^{-1} are possible in up to four collision points for a ring of 27km circumference. The achievable luminosity increases with the bending radius, and for 80km circumference, a luminosity of 5 10^34 cm^{-2}s^{-1} in four collision points appears feasible. Beamstrahlung becomes relevant at these high luminosities, leading to a design requirement of large momentum acceptance both in the accelerating system and in the optics. The larger machine could reach the top quark threshold, would yield luminosities per interaction point of 10^36 cm^{-2}s^{-1} at the Z pole (91 GeV) and 2 10^35 cm^{-2}s^{-1} at the W pair production threshold (80 GeV per beam). The energy spread is reduced in the larger ring with respect to what is was at LEP, giving confidence that beam polarization for energy calibration purposes should be available up to the W pair threshold. The capabilities in term of physics performance are outlined.Comment: Submitted to the European Strategy Preparatory Group 01-04-2013 new version as re-submitted to PRSTA

STABILIZING EFFECT OF A DOUBLE-HARMONIC RF SYSTEM IN THE CERN PS

Abstract Motivated by the discussions on scenarios for LHC upgrades, beam studies on the stability of flat bunches in a double-harmonic RF system have been conducted in the CERN Proton Synchrotron (PS). Injecting nearly nominal LHC beam intensity per cycle, 18 bunches are accelerated on harmonic h = 21 to 26 GeV with the 10 MHz RF system. On the flat-top, all bunches are then transformed to flat bunches by adiabatically adding RF voltage at h = 42 from a 20 MHz cavity in anti-phase to the h = 21 system. The voltage ratio V (h42)/V (h21) of about 0.5 was set according to simulations. For the next 140 ms, longitudinal profiles show stable bunches in the double-harmonic RF bucket until extraction. Without the second harmonic component, coupled-bunch oscillations are observed. The flatness of the bunches along the batch is analyzed as a measure of the relative phase error between the RF systems due to beam loading. The results of beam dynamics simulations and their comparison with the measured data are presented

GENERATION OF SHORT PROTON BUNCHES IN THE CERN ACCELERATOR COMPLEX

Abstract Short high-energy proton bunches have been proposed as efficient drivers for single-stage electron-beam plasma accelerators. We discuss some very preliminary ideas if and how the desired proton bunches could be obtained in the CERN accelerator complex, considering various bunchshortening schemes, such as a fast non-adiabatic lattice change prior to extraction from a storage ring or the use of transversely deflecting cavities, as well as the possibility of introducing, in a longer bunch, a microstructure that might resonantly excite a plasma wake field

Experimental Studies of Compensation of Beam-Beam Effects with Tevatron Electron Lenses

Applying the space-charge forces of a low-energy electron beam can lead to a significant improvement of the beam-particle lifetime limit arising from the beam-beam interaction in a high-energy collider [1]. In this article we present the results of various beam experiments with electron lenses, novel instruments developed for the beam-beam compensation at the Tevatron, which collides 980-GeV proton and antiproton beams. We study the dependencies of the particle betatron tunes on the electron beam current, energy and position; we explore the effects of electron-beam imperfections and noises; and we quantify the improvements of the high-energy beam intensity and the collider luminosity lifetime obtained by the action of the Tevatron Electron Lenses.Applying the space-charge forces of a low-energy electron beam can lead to a significant improvement of the beam-particle lifetime limit arising from the beam-beam interaction in a high-energy collider [1]. In this article we present the results of various beam experiments with electron lenses, novel instruments developed for the beam-beam compensation at the Tevatron, which collides 980-GeV proton and antiproton beams. We study the dependencies of the particle betatron tunes on the electron beam current, energy and position/ we explore the effects of electron-beam imperfections and noises/ and we quantify the improvements of the high-energy beam intensity and the collider luminosity lifetime obtained by the action of the Tevatron Electron Lenses

Measurement of jet suppression in central Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=2.76 TeV

The transverse momentum(p(T)) spectrum and nuclear modification factor (R-AA) of reconstructed jets in 0-10% and 10-30% central Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN) = 2.76 TeV were measured. Jets were reconstructed using the anti-k(T) jet algorithm with a resolution parameter of R = 0.2 from charged and neutral particles, utilizing the ALICE tracking detectors and Electromagnetic Calorimeter (EMCal). The jet p(T) spectra are reported in the pseudorapidity interval of \eta(jet)\ 5 GeV/c to suppress jets constructed from the combinatorial background in Pb-Pb collisions. The leading charged particle requirement applied to jet spectra both in pp and Pb-Pb collisions had a negligible effect on the R-AA. The nuclear modification factor R-AA was found to be 0.28 +/- 0.04 in 0-10% and 0.35 +/- 0.04 in 10-30% collisions, independent of p(T), jet within the uncertainties of the measurement. The observed suppression is in fair agreement with expectations from two model calculations with different approaches to jet quenching. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

European Organization For Nuclear Research

In this report, I address 4 different items: (1) the trapping of electrons in a quadrupole field, (2) the electron-cloud build up inside an HER dipole magnet, (3) the closed orbit drift with SVD correction, and (4) the transverse tune shifts and horizontal instability in the HER. The appendix presents preliminary electron-cloud simulations for the two JKJ rings

BPM calibration independent LHC optics correction DISCLAIMER BPM Calibration Independent LHC Optics Correction *

The tight mechanical aperture for the LHC imposes severe constraints on both the beta and dispersion beating. Robust techniques to compensate these errors are critical for operation of high intensity beams in the LHC. We present simulations using realistic errors from magnet measurements and alignment tolerances in the presence of BPM noise. Correction reveals that the use of BPM calibration and model independent observables are key ingredients to accomplish optics correction. Experiments at RHIC to verify the algorithms for optics correction are also presented