64 research outputs found
Mapeamento de chuvas intensas no estado de Minas Gerais
- Author
- AKKALA A.
- ANTUNES F.Z.
- BACK A.J.
- BESKOW S.
- CAMBARDELLA C.A.
- CAMPOS S.R.S.
- Carlos Rogério de Mello
- CARVALHO J.R.P.
- CUPOLILLO F.
- CURI N.
- FREITAS A.J.
- GOMES N.M.
- HUFFMAN R.L.
- ISAAKS E.H.
- JUNQUEIRA JUNIOR J.A.
- KODAMA Y.M.
- LIBARDI P.L.
- Marcelo Ribeiro Viola
- MELLO C.R.
- MELLO C.R.
- MELLO C.R.
- MELLO C.R.
- MOREIRA M.C.
- REBOITA M.S.
- VIEIRA S.
- VIEIRA S.R.
- VIOLA M.R.
- ÁVILA L.F.
- Publication venue
- 'FapUNIFESP (SciELO)'
- Publication date
- Field of study
Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches
- Author
- Abuelreich S.
- Ahmad S.
- Ahmed D. A. K.
- Ahmed S. H.
- Aikawa E.
- Akbar N.
- Akiyoshi K.
- Al-Adra D. P.
- Al-Masawa M. E.
- Albanese M.
- Alberro A.
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- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2024
- Field of study
© 2024 The Authors. Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, published by Wiley Periodicals, LLC on behalf of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY), https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its 'Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles', which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly.Peer reviewe
Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches
- Author
- Aase Handberg
- Abhijna R Ballal
- Abhimanyu Thakur
- Abuelreich Sarah
- Achille Anselmo
- Adam L Maddox
- Adityas Purnianto
- Adrian E Morelli
- Adrian L Harris
- Adriana F Paes Leme
- Adriana T Larregina
- Afrodité Németh
- Afsareen Bano
- Agnieszka Razim
- Agustin Enciso-Martinez
- Ahmed Ge Ibrahim
- Ahmed Somaida
- Aija Linē
- Ainhoa Alberro
- Ajay P Singh
- Akbar L Marzan
- Akhil Srivastava
- Akira Yokoi
- Al Charest
- Alain R Brisson
- Alan J Zimmerman
- Albano Cáceres-Verschae
- Aled Clayton
- Aleksandra Inic-Kanada
- Aleksei Tikhonov
- Alena Ivanova
- Alessandra Ciullo
- Alessandro Gori
- Alessio Noghero
- Alex J Rai
- Alexander Otahal
- Alexander R Ivanov
- Alexis G Murillo Carrasco
- Alice Gualerzi
- Alicia Galinsoga
- Alicia Llorente
- Aliosha I Figueroa-Valdés
- Alireza Fazeli
- Alissa M Weaver
- Alok Raghav
- Alvaro Compañ-Bertomeu
- Amanda Khoo
- Amanda Salviano-Silva
- Amandine Bonifay
- Amankeldi A Salybekov
- Amélie Nadeau
- Amin Zakeri
- Amirmohammad Nasiri Kenari
- Amit K Srivastava
- Amy A Baxter
- Amy C Kauffman
- Amy H Buck
- An Hendrix
- Ana C Torrecilhas
- Ana I Salazar-Puerta
- Ana O'Loghlen
- Anabela Cordeiro-da-Silva
- Anaïs Bécot
- Anders T Boysen
- Andras G Miklosi
- Andras Saftics
- András I Försönits
- Andre J van Wijnen
- Andrea Galisova
- Andrea Ridolfi
- Andrea Zendrini
- Andreas Möller
- Andreia M Silva
- Andreina Schoeberlein
- Andreu Matamoros-Angles
- Andrew Devitt
- Andrew F Hill
- Andrew Lai
- Andrew Rowland
- André Cronemberger-Andrade
- André Görgens
- Andries Zijlstra
- Angela M Zivkovic
- Angelica Ortiz
- Angelo Musicò
- Ann M Wehman
- Anna Antoniou
- Anna C Berardi
- Anna Cifuentes-Rius
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- Anna Koncz
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- Paul A Haynes
- Paul C Boutros
- Paul D Robbins
- Paul Harrison
- Paula Pincela Lins
- Per Svenningsen
- Peter E Kima
- Peter Nejsum
- Philip D Stahl
- Philippa K Wade
- Pia R-M Siljander
- Pierre Arsène
- Pierre-Yves Mantel
- Pieter Vader
- Pietro Parisse
- Pilar Martin-Duque
- Pingping Han
- Piul S Rabbani
- Qi Hui Poh
- Qiang Chen
- Qin Zhang
- Qing-Ling Fu
- Qiubai Li
- Quan Lu
- Quentin Lemaire
- Quentin Lubart
- Quentin Roux
- Rachel C Quilang
- Rachel E Crossland
- Rachel R Mizenko
- Rafaela F Ferreira
- Raghu Kalluri
- Raghubendra S Dagur
- Rahul Sanwlani
- Ralph Weissleder
- Raluca E Ghebosu
- Ram Sagar
- Ramaroson Andriantsitohaina
- Ramin Khanabdali
- Ramkumar Menon
- Ramon M Eichenberger
- Randy P Carney
- Randy Schekman
- Rane A Harrison
- Raphael Schneider
- Raymond M Schiffelers
- Rebecca A Dragovic
- Rebecca L Davies
- Rebecca Lim
- Reem Bagabas
- Reihaneh Safavi-Sohi
- Renata Chalupská
- René Weiss
- Reza Yarani
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- Riccardo Natoli
- Riccardo Vago
- Richard Chahwan
- Richard Jr Kelwick
- Ridolfi Andrea
- Rienk Nieuwland
- Rikinari Hanayama
- Rita Romani
- Rob Knight
- Robert J Coffey
- Robert L Raffai
- Roberta Palmulli
- Rocío Del Carmen Bravo-Miana
- Rocío Pérez-González
- Roger Olofsson Bagge
- Rohde Eva
- Rojalin Tatu
- Rok Romih
- Rong Xu
- Rossella Crescitelli
- Rowland Andrew
- Rucha Trivedi
- Russell G Rogers
- Rüdiger M Groß
- Ryan C Pink
- Ryou-U Takahashi
- Saara Laitinen
- Sabina Gorska
- Sabine Flenady
- Sachin Shukla
- Saftics Andras
- Sahoo Susmita
- Sai Kiang Lim
- Sai V Chitti
- Saigopalakrishna S Yerneni
- Sam Noppen
- Samantha L Reed
- Samar Ahmad
- Sameh W Almousa
- Sami Valkonen
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- Samo Hudoklin
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- Sandau Ursula S.
- Sander Aa Kooijmans
- Sandra Buratta
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- Sangeeta Singh
- Sanjay Shahi
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- Sarah Abuelreich
- Sarah Deville
- Sarah E Glass
- Sarah H Ahmed
- Sarah Williams
- Sarai Martinez-Pacheco
- Saravanakumar Murugesan
- Saroj Kumar
- Sasha J Kweskin
- Saugstad Julie A.
- Saumya Das
- Sayam Ghosal
- Scott M Langevin
- Sean M Davidson
- Seiko Ikezu
- Seoyoon Bae
- Serena Cavallero
- Setty M Magaña
- Seung W Oh
- Sébastien Banzet
- Shalini Mishra
- Sharad Kumar
- Sheila Spada
- Shekari Faezeh
- Sherif A Ibrahim
- Shikha Rani
- Shilpa Buch
- Shin-Ichi Kano
- Shirley Potter
- Shivakumar K Reddy
- Shuai Chen
- Siew Ling Ong
- Sigrun Lange
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- Silvio Kau-Strebinger
- Simon J Powis
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- Simona Taverna
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- Siyu Chen
- Sneha Raju
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- Somchai Chutipongtanate
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- Soo Kim
- Sophie Cavallero
- Sophie Rome
- Soren Jacobsen
- Ssang-Goo Cho
- Stanley M Lemon
- Stanley S Stylli
- Stefan Schneider
- Stefania Raimondo
- Stefano Forte
- Steffi Bosch
- Stella Kourembanas
- Stephanie F Rutter
- Stephanie Jung
- Stephanie M Bollard
- Stephen Lenzini
- Stephen Redenti
- Steven J Biller
- Steven M Jay
- Stuart Hunt
- Subbaya Subramanian
- Subhadip Ghatak
- Sujan K Mondal
- Sujata Mohanty
- Sukhbir Kaur
- Suman Dutta
- Sun Young Lee
- Suresh Mathivanan
- Surya Shrivastava
- Susann Allelein
- Susanne Gabrielsson
- Susanne Krasemann
- Susmita Sahoo
- Suvendra N Bhattacharyya
- Sveva Bollini
- Swasti Tiwari
- Swift Simon
- Sylwia Bobis-Wozowicz
- Syrine Arif
- Tae Ryong Lee
- Taeyoung Kang
- Takahiro Ochiya
- Takanori Eguchi
- Tamás Beke-Somfai
- Tamás Visnovitz
- Tania Limongi
- Tania Martins-Marques
- Tanina Arab
- Tara Thompson-Felix
- Taral R Lunavat
- Tatiane De Rossi
- Tatu Rojalin
- Tecla Marangon
- Teena Kjb Gamage
- Ter‐Ovanesyan Dmitry
- Thabiso E Motaung
- Thanh Kha Phan
- Theresa L Whiteside
- Théry Clotilde
- Thibaud Dauphin
- Thomas Kislinger
- Thomas Michael Shiju
- Thupten Tsering
- Tiana F Koukoulis
- Tijana Jovanovic-Talisman
- Timothea Konstantinou
- Timothy V Domashevich
- Tine Hiorth Schøyen
- Tobias Tertel
- Tom Ap Driedonks
- Tom G Keulers
- Tommaso Neri
- Tomofumi Yamamoto
- Tong Wang
- Torrecilhas Ana C.
- Tosar Juan P.
- Trude Aspelin
- Tsuneya Ikezu
- Ursula S Sandau
- Useckaite Zivile
- Uta Erdbrügger
- Valentina R Minciacchi
- Valentina Zappulli
- Valeria Barreca
- Valle Francesco
- van der Pol Edwin
- van Herwijnen Martijn J. C.
- Varga Zoltan
- Vasiliki Mahairaki
- Vasiliy S Chernyshev
- Vatsal Deliwala
- Veer Bala Gupta
- Vendula Pospichalova
- Vengala Rao Yenuganti
- Venkatesh Kumar Chetty
- Vera A Tang
- Vera Mugoni
- Vera Tscherrig
- Verity J Ford
- Verline Justilien
- Veronica Huber
- Veronika Kralj-Iglic
- Veronika Stoka
- Victor Bodart-Santos
- Vijaya Sunkara
- Vikramsingh Gujar
- Viktoria Szeifert
- Viktoria Weber
- Vincent Hyenne
- Vincent Yeung
- Vincenza Dolo
- Violaine Moreau
- Vito G D'Agostino
- Vivek Kumar Gupta
- Vladimir Bokun
- Vroniqa Ku'ulei-Lyn Faustino
- Vytautas Žėkas
- Wai-Leng Lee
- Wanessa F Altei
- Wauben Marca H. M.
- Wehman Ann M.
- Wei Duan
- Wei Guo
- Wei Seong Toh
- Welsh Joshua A.
- Wen-Wei Chang
- Wilfrid Boireau
- Wilfried W Bazié
- Willem Stoorvogel
- Williams Sarah
- Witwer Kenneth W.
- Wolfgang Holnthoner
- Wyatt N Vreeland
- Xabier Osteikoetxea
- Xandra O Breakefield
- Xavier Loyer
- Xiaomei Yan
- Xiaoqin Wang
- Xinhua Lei
- Xinlei Li
- Xiuming Liang
- Yagmur Yildizhan
- Yang You
- Yasuo Inoshima
- Yi Wen
- Yinghong Zhou
- Yingtang Gao
- Yiyao Huang
- Yoel Sadovsky
- Yohan Kim
- Yong Song Gho
- Yongkang Yang
- Yonis Bare
- Yoon-Kyoung Cho
- Yoshinobu Takakura
- Young-Gyun Park
- Yu Fujita
- Yu Xiao
- Yuki Yamamoto
- Yumi Kumagai
- Yunjie Wu
- Yunxi Chen
- Yusuke Yamamoto
- Yusuke Yoshioka
- Yvan Courageux
- Yvonne Couch
- Zach Troyer
- Zendrini Andrea
- Zheng Lei
- Zheng Zhao
- Zijlstra Andries
- Zimmerman Alan J.
- Zivile Useckaite
- Zoltan Varga
- Zoltán Varga
- Zoltán Wiener
- Zucai Suo
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2024
- Field of study
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its 'Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles', which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly
Digestible lysine levels obtained by two methods of formulation of diets for 22-to-42-day-old broilers
- Author
- Aletor V. A.
- Almeida I. C. L.
- Assis A. P.
- Baker D. H.
- Balbino E. M.
- Buffington D. E.
- Campestrini E.
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- Corzo A.
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- Leclercq B.
- Luiz Fernando Teixeira Albino
- Marcus Vinícius de Lima Antunes
- Martinez K. L. A.
- Matheus Faria de Souza
- Medeiros C. M.
- Mukhtar M. A.
- Nagao K.
- Namroud N. F.
- Nonis M. K.
- Oliveira W. P.
- Paulo Henrique Reis Furtado Campos
- Rezaei M.
- Rita Flávia Miranda de Oliveira Donzele
- Rosebrough R. W.
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- Rosebrough R. W.
- Rostagno H. S.
- Rostagno H. S.
- Silva D. J.
- Silvana Marques Pastore
- Siqueira J. C.
- Vasconcellos C. H. F.
- Viola T. H.
- Viola T. H.
- Waldroup P. W.
- Will Pereira de Oliveira
- Yen J. T.
- Publication venue
- 'FapUNIFESP (SciELO)'
- Publication date
- Field of study
Burden of disease scenarios for 204 countries and territories, 2022–2050: a forecasting analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
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- Ababneh Hazim S
- Abate Yohannes Habtegiorgis
- Abbafati Cristiana
- Abbasgholizadeh Rouzbeh
- Abbasian Mohammadreza
- Abbastabar Hedayat
- Abd Al Magied Abdallah H A
- Abd ElHafeez Samar
- Abd-Elsalam Sherief
- Abdelkader Atef
- Abdelmasseh Michael
- Abdi Parsa
- Abdollahi Mohammad
- Abdoun Meriem
- Abdullahi Auwal
- Abebe Mesfin
- Abiodun Olumide
- Aboagye Richard Gyan
- Abolhassani Hassan
- Abouzid Mohamed
- Aboye Girma Beressa
- Abreu Lucas Guimarães
- Absalan Abdorrahim
- Abualruz Hasan
- Abubakar Bilyaminu
- Abukhadijah Hana Jihad Jihad
- Addolorato Giovanni
- Adekanmbi Victor
- Adetunji Charles Oluwaseun
- Adetunji Juliana Bunmi
- Adeyeoluwa Temitayo Esther
- Adha Rishan
- Adhikary Ripon Kumar
- Adnani Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah
- Adzigbli Leticia Akua
- Afrashteh Fatemeh
- Afzal Muhammad Sohail
- Afzal Saira
- Agbozo Faith
- Agodi Antonella
- Agrawal Anurag
- Agyemang-Duah Williams
- Ahinkorah Bright Opoku
- Ahlstrom Austin J
- Ahmad Aqeel
- Ahmad Firdos
- Ahmad Muayyad M
- Ahmad Sajjad
- Ahmad Shahzaib
- Ahmed Anisuddin
- Ahmed Ayman
- Ahmed Haroon
- Ahmed Safoora
- Ahmed Syed Anees
- Akinosoglou Karolina
- Akkaif Mohammed Ahmed
- Akrami Ashley E
- Akter Ema
- Al Awaidy Salah
- Al Hasan Syed Mahfuz
- Al Mosa Amjad S
- Al Ta'ani Omar
- Al Zaabi Omar Ali Mohammed
- Al-Ajlouni Yazan
- Al-Aly Ziyad
- Al-amer Rasmieh Mustafa
- Al-Gheethi Adel Ali Saeed
- Al-Hanawi Mohammed Khaled
- Al-Ibraheem Akram
- Al-Mekhlafi Hesham M
- Al-Sabah Salman Khalifah
- Al-Tammemi Ala'a B.
- Al-Tawfiq Jaffar A
- Al-Wardat Mohammad Sami
- Al-Worafi Yaser Mohammed
- Al-Zyoud Walid
- Alahdab Fares
- Alajlani Muaaz M
- Alalalmeh Samer O
- Alam Khurshid
- Alam Noore
- Alam Tahiya
- Alam Zufishan
- Alanezi Fahad Mashhour
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- Albakri Almaza
- Aldhaleei Wafa A
- Aldridge Robert W
- Alemohammad Seyedeh Yasaman
- Alemu Yihun Mulugeta
- Ali Abid
- Ali Amjad
- Ali Iman
- Ali Mohammed Usman
- Ali Rafat
- Ali Syed Shujait Shujait
- Ali Victor Ekoche
- Ali Waad
- Alicandro Gianfranco
- Alif Sheikh Mohammad
- Aljunid Syed Mohamed
- Alla François
- Almazan Joseph Uy
- Alqutaibi Ahmed Yaseen
- Alrawashdeh Ahmad
- Alrousan Sahel Majed
- Alsabri Mohammed A
- Altaany Zaid
- Altirkawi Khalid A
- Aluh Deborah Oyine
- Alvis-Guzman Nelson
- Aly Hany
- Alyahya Mohammad Sharif
- Alzoubi Karem H
- Amani Reza
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- Amin Tarek Tawfik
- Amindarolzarbi Alireza
- Amiri Sohrab
- Amirzade-Iranaq Mohammad Hosein
- Amu Hubert
- Amugsi Dickson A
- Ancuceanu Robert
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- Anderson David B
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- Andrei Catalina Liliana
- Andrei Tudorel
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- Anil Abhishek
- Anil Sneha
- Anoushiravani Amir
- Antony Catherine M
- Antriyandarti Ernoiz
- Anuoluwa Boluwatife Stephen
- Anvari Saeid
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- Arafa Elshaimaa A
- Arafat Mosab
- Aravkin Aleksandr Y
- Ardekani Ali
- Areda Demelash
- Aregawi Brhane Berhe
- Aremu Abdulfatai
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- Arkew Mesay
- Armani Keivan
- Artamonov Anton A
- Arumugam Ashokan
- Asghari-Jafarabadi Mohammad
- Ashbaugh Charlie
- Astell-Burt Thomas
- Athari Seyyed Shamsadin
- Atorkey Prince
- Atout Maha Moh'd Wahbi
- Aujayeb Avinash
- Ausloos Marcel
- Awad Hamzeh
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- Ayatollahi Haleh
- Ayuso-Mateos Jose L
- Azadnajafabad Sina
- Azeez Fahad Khan
- Azevedo Rui M S
- Badar Muhammad
- Baghdadi Soroush
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- Balcha Wondu Feyisa
- Baltatu Ovidiu Constantin
- Barchitta Martina
- Bardideh Erfan
- Barker-Collo Suzanne Lyn
- Barqawi Hiba Jawdat
- Barteit Sandra
- Basiru Afisu
- Basso João Diogo
- Bastan Mohammad-Mahdi
- Basu Sanjay
- Bauckneht Matteo
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- Bayileyegn Nebiyou Simegnew
- Bärnighausen Till Winfried
- Behnoush Amir Hossein
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- Bhala Neeraj
- Bhandari Dinesh
- Bharadwaj Ravi
- Bhardwaj Nikha
- Bhardwaj Pankaj
- Bhargava Ashish
- Bhaskar Sonu
- Bhat Vivek
- Bhattacharjee Natalia V
- Bhatti Gurjit Kaur
- Bhatti Jasvinder Singh
- Bhatti Manpreet S
- Bhuiyan Mohiuddin Ahmed
- Bisignano Catherine
- Biswas Bijit
- Bjørge Tone
- Bodolica Virginia
- Bodunrin Aadam Olalekan
- Bonakdar Hashemi Milad
- Bora Basara Berrak
- Borhany Hamed
- Bosoka Samuel Adolf
- Botero Carvajal Alejandro
- Bouaoud Souad
- Boufous Soufiane
- Boxe Christopher
- Boyko Edward J
- Brady Oliver J
- Braithwaite Dejana
- Brauer Michael
- Brazo-Sayavera Javier
- Brenner Hermann
- Brown Colin Stewart
- Browne Annie J
- Brugha Traolach
- Bryazka Dana
- Bulamu Norma B
- Buonsenso Danilo
- Burkart Katrin
- Burns Richard A
- Busse Reinhard
- Bustanji Yasser
- Butt Zahid A
- Caetano dos Santos Florentino Luciano
- Calina Daniela
- Campos Luciana Aparecida
- Cao Shujin
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- Castelpietra Giulio
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- Caye Arthur
- Cárdenas Rosario
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- Cembranel Francieli
- Cenko Edina
- Cerin Ester
- Chadban Steven J
- Chadwick Joshua
- Chakraborty Chiranjib
- Chakraborty Sandip
- Chalek Julian
- Chan Jeffrey Shi Kai
- Chandika Rama Mohan
- Chandy Sara
- Charan Jaykaran
- Chaudhary Anis Ahmad
- Chaurasia Akhilanand
- Chen An-Tian
- Chen Haowei
- Chen Meng Xuan
- Chen Simiao
- Cherbuin Nicolas
- Chi Gerald
- Chichagi Fatemeh
- Chimed-Ochir Odgerel
- Chimoriya Ritesh
- Ching Patrick R
- Chirinos-Caceres Jesus Lorenzo
- Chitheer Abdulaal
- Cho Daniel Youngwhan
- Cho William C S
- Choi Dong-Woo
- Chong Bryan
- Chong Chean Lin
- Chopra Hitesh
- Chu Dinh-Toi
- Chung Eric
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- Clayton Justin T
- Cogen Rebecca M
- Cohen Aaron J
- Columbus Alyssa
- Comfort Haley
- Conde Joao
- Connolly Jon T
- Cooper Ezra E K
- Cortese Samuele
- Cruz-Martins Natália
- Çakmak Barsbay Mehtap
- D'Oria Mario
- da Silva Alanna Gomes
- Dadras Omid
- Dai Xiaochen
- Dai Zhaoli
- Dalton Bronte E
- Damiani Giovanni
- Dandona Lalit
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- Das Jai K
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- Davletov Kairat
- De la Hoz Fernando Pio
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- Debopadhaya Shayom
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- Denova-Gutiérrez Edgar
- Dervenis Nikolaos
- Desai Hardik Dineshbhai
- Devanbu Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan
- Dewan Syed Masudur Rahman
- Dhama Kuldeep
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- Dhingra Sameer
- Dias da Silva Diana
- Diaz Daniel
- Diaz Luis Antonio
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- do Prado Camila Bruneli
- Do Thao Huynh Phuong
- Dodangeh Masoud
- Dodangeh Milad
- Doegah Phidelia Theresa
- Dohare Sushil
- Dong Wanyue
- Doshi Rajkumar
- Dowou Robert Kokou
- Dsouza Haneil Larson
- Dsouza Viola
- Dube John
- Dumith Samuel C
- Duncan Bruce B
- Duraes Andre Rodrigues
- Duraisamy Senbagam
- Durojaiye Oyewole Christopher
- Dushpanova Anar
- Dutta Sulagna
- Dzianach Paulina Agnieszka
- Dziedzic Arkadiusz Marian
- Eboreime Ejemai
- Ebrahimi Kalan Mohammad
- Ebrahimi Alireza
- Edinur Hisham Atan
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- Eini Ebrahim
- Ekundayo Temitope Cyrus
- El Arab Rabie Adel
- El Sayed Iman
- Elamin Osman
- Elemam Noha Mousaad
- ElGohary Ghada Metwally Tawfik
- Elhadi Muhammed
- Elmeligy Omar Abdelsadek Abdou
- Elmoselhi Adel B
- Elshaer Mohammed
- Elsohaby Ibrahim
- Eltahir Mohd. Elmagzoub
- Emeto Theophilus I
- Eshrati Babak
- Eslami Majid
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- Faro Andre
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- Fatehizadeh Ali
- Fauk Nelsensius Klau
- Fazylov Timur
- Feigin Valery L
- Fekadu Ginenus
- Feng Xiaoqi
- Fereshtehnejad Seyed-Mohammad
- Ferrara Pietro
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- Firew Belete Sewasew
- Fischer Florian
- Fitriana Ida
- Flavel Joanne
- Flor Luisa S
- Folayan Morenike Oluwatoyin
- Foley Kristen Marie
- Fonzo Marco
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- Gadanya Muktar A
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- Ganiyani Mohammad Arfat
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- Gebregergis Miglas W
- Gebrehiwot Mesfin
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- Getahun Genanew K A
- Gething Peter W
- Ghadimi Delaram J
- Ghadirian Fataneh
- Ghafarian Sadegh
- Ghailan Khalid Yaser
- Ghasemi MohammadReza
- Ghasempour Dabaghi Ghazal
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- Ghoba Sama
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- Ghorbani Vajargah Pooyan
- Ghorbani Mahsa
- Ghotbi Elena
- Gil Artyom Urievich
- Gill Tiffany K
- Girmay Alem
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- Glushkova Ekaterina Vladimirovna
- Gnedovskaya Elena V
- Goldust Mohamad
- Goleij Pouya
- Golinelli Davide
- Gopalani Sameer Vali
- Goulart Alessandra C
- Gouravani Mahdi
- Goyal Anmol
- Göbölös Laszlo
- Grivna Michal
- Grosso Giuseppe
- Guarducci Giovanni
- Gubari Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen
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- Gupta Rahul
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- Gupta Vijai Kumar
- Haakenstad Annie
- Hadi Najah R
- Haep Nils
- Hafiz Abdul
- Haghmorad Dariush
- Haile Demewoz
- Haj-Mirzaian Arvin
- Hajj Ali Adel
- Hajj Ali Ali
- Halboub Esam S
- Haller Sebastian
- Halwani Rabih
- Hamagharib Abdullah Kanaan
- Hamdy Nadia M
- Hamoudi Rifat
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- Haq Zaim Anan
- Haque Md Rabiul
- Harapan Harapan
- Hargono Arief
- Haro Josep Maria
- Hasaballah Ahmed I
- Hasan S. M. Mahmudul
- Hasanian Mohammad
- Hasnain Md Saquib
- Hassan Amr
- Haubold Johannes
- Hay Simon I
- Hebert Jeffrey J
- Hegazi Omar E
- Heidari Mohammad
- Hemmati Mehdi
- Henson Claire A
- Herrera-Serna Brenda Yuliana
- Herteliu Claudiu
- Heydari Majid
- Hezam Kamal
- Hidayana Irma
- Hiraike Yuta
- Hoan Nguyen Quoc
- Holla Ramesh
- Hoogar Praveen
- Horita Nobuyuki
- Hossain Md Mahbub
- Hosseinzadeh Hassan
- Hosseinzadeh Mehdi
- Hostiuc Mihaela
- Hostiuc Sorin
- Hu Chengxi
- Huang Junjie
- Hultström Michael
- Hundie Tsegaye Gebreyes
- Hunt Aliza J
- Hushmandi Kiavash
- Hussain Javid
- Hussain M. Azhar
- Hussein Nawfal R
- Huynh Hong-Han
- Hwang Bing-Fang
- Ibitoye Segun Emmanuel
- Iftikhar Pulwasha Maria
- Ikiroma Adalia I
- Ikwegbue Paul Chukwudi
- Ilic Irena M
- Ilic Milena D
- Immurana Mustapha
- Isa Mustafa Alhaji
- Islam Md. Rabiul
- Islam Sheikh Mohammed Shariful
- Ismail Faisal
- Ismail Nahlah Elkudssiah
- Isola Gaetano
- Iwagami Masao
- Iyamu Ihoghosa Osamuyi
- Jacob Louis
- Jacobsen Kathryn H
- Jafarinia Morteza
- Jahankhani Kasra
- Jahanmehr Nader
- Jain Nityanand
- Jairoun Ammar Abdulrahman
- Jakhmola Mani Dr Ruchi
- Jamil Safayet
- Jamora Roland Dominic G
- Jatau Abubakar Ibrahim
- Javadov Sabzali
- Javaheri Tahereh
- Jayaram Shubha
- Jee Sun Ha
- Jeganathan Jayakumar
- Jiang Heng
- Jokar Mohammad
- Jonas Jost B
- Joseph Nitin
- Joshua Charity Ehimwenma
- Jürisson Mikk
- K Vaishali
- Kabir Ali
- Kabir Zubair
- Kadashetti Vidya
- Kalankesh Laleh R
- Kalra Sanjay
- Kamath Ashwin
- Kamath Rajesh
- Kamireddy Arun
- Kanaan Mona
- Kanchan Tanuj
- Kanmiki Edmund Wedam
- Kanmodi Kehinde Kazeem
- Kansal Sushil Kumar
- Karim Asima
- Karkhah Samad
- Kashoo Faizan Zaffar
- Kasraei Hengameh
- Kassel Molly B
- Katikireddi Srinivasa Vittal
- Kauppila Joonas H
- Kaur Harkiran
- Kayode Gbenga A
- Kazemi Foad
- Kazemian Sina
- Kebede Fassikaw
- Kendal Evie Shoshannah
- Kesse-Guyot Emmanuelle
- Khademvatan Shahram
- Khajuria Himanshu
- Khalaji Amirmohammad
- Khalid Asaad
- Khalid Nauman
- Khalilian Alireza
- Khamesipour Faham
- Khan Fayaz
- Khan Mohammad Jobair
- Khan Moien AB
- Khanmohammadi Shaghayegh
- Khatab Khaled
- Khatatbeh Haitham
- Khatatbeh Moawiah Mohammad
- Khatib Mahalaqua Nazli
- Khayat Kashani Hamid Reza
- Kheirallah Khalid A
- Khokhar Manoj
- Khormali Moein
- Khorrami Zahra
- Khosla Atulya Aman
- Khosravi Majid
- Khosrowjerdi Mahmood
- Khubchandani Jagdish
- Kifle Zemene Demelash
- Kim Grace
- Kim Julie Sojin
- Kim Min Seo
- Kim Yun Jin
- Kimokoti Ruth W
- Kisa Adnan
- Kisa Sezer
- Knibbs Luke D
- Knudsen Ann Kristin Skrindo
- Kochhar Sonali
- Kolahi Ali-Asghar
- Kompani Farzad
- Koren Gerbrand
- Korzh Oleksii
- Krishan Kewal
- Krishna Varun
- Krishnamoorthy Vijay
- Kucuk Bicer Burcu
- Kuddus Md Abdul
- Kuddus Mohammed
- Kuitunen Ilari
- Kujan Omar
- Kulimbet Mukhtar
- Kulkarni Vishnutheertha
- Kumar G Anil
- Kumar Harish
- Kumar Nithin
- Kumar Rakesh
- Kumar Vijay
- Kundu Amartya
- Kusuma Dian
- Kyei-Arthur Frank
- Kytö Ville
- Kyu Hmwe Hmwe
- La Vecchia Carlo
- Lacey Ben
- Ladan Muhammad Awwal
- Laflamme Lucie
- Lahariya Chandrakant
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- Lalloo Ratilal
- Lallukka Tea
- Lan Qing
- Lan Tuo
- Landires Iván
- Lanfranchi Francesco
- Langguth Berthold
- Lansingh Van Charles
- Laplante-Lévesque Ariane
- Larijani Bagher
- Larsson Anders O
- Lasrado Savita
- Lauriola Paolo
- Lawlor Hilary R
- Lám Judit
- Le Huu-Hoai
- Le Long Khanh Dao
- Le Nhi Huu Hanh
- Le Thao Thi Thu
- Le Trang Diep Thanh
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- Lee Doo Woong
- Lee Munjae
- Lee Paul H
- Lee Sang-woong
- Lee Seung Won
- Lee Shaun Wen Huey
- Lee Yo Han
- Leigh James
- Leong Elvynna
- Li Ming-Chieh
- Libra Massimo
- Ligade Virendra S
- Lim Lee-Ling
- Lim Stephen S
- Limenh Liknaw Workie
- Lindholm Daniel
- Lindstedt Paulina A
- Listl Stefan
- Liu Gang
- Liu Shiwei
- Liu Shuke
- Liu Xiaofeng
- Liu Xuefeng
- Llanaj Erand
- Loreche Arianna Maever
- Lotufo Paulo A
- Lozano Rafael
- López-Bueno Rubén
- López-Gil José Francisco
- Lubinda Jailos
- Lucchetti Giancarlo
- Luo Lisha
- Lusk Jay B
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- Ma Zheng Feei
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- Machairas Nikolaos
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- Magdy Abd El Razek Hassan
- Maghazachi Azzam A
- Mahadeshwara Prasad D. R.
- Mahalleh Mehrdad
- Mahasha Phetole Walter
- Mahmoud Mansour Adam
- Mahmoudi Elham
- Mahmoudvand Golnaz
- Makama Maureen
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- Malhotra Kashish
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- Malta Deborah Carvalho
- Manla Yosef
- Mansour Ali
- Mansouri Mohammad Hadi
- Mansouri Pejman
- Mansouri Vahid
- Mansourian Marjan
- Mansournia Mohammad Ali
- Marasini Bishnu P
- Marateb Hamid Reza
- Maravilla Joemer C
- Mardi Parham
- Marjani Abdoljalal
- Markazi Moghadam Hamed
- Marrugo Arnedo Carlos Alberto
- Martinez Gabriel
- Martinez-Piedra Ramon
- Martins-Melo Francisco Rogerlândio
- Martorell Miquel
- Marx Wolfgang
- Marzo Roy Rillera
- Masoudi Sahar
- Mathangasinghe Yasith
- Mathioudakis Alexander G
- Mathur Medha
- Mathur Navgeet
- Mathur Neeta
- Matozinhos Fernanda Penido
- Mattumpuram Jishanth
- Maude Richard James
- Maugeri Andrea
- Mayeli Mahsa
- Mazidi Mohsen
- Mazzotti Antonio
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- McKee Martin
- McKowen Anna Laura W
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- Mehmood Asim
- Mehrabani-Zeinabad Kamran
- Mehravar Sepideh
- Mekene Meto Tesfahun
- Melese Endalkachew Belayneh
- Mendez-Lopez Max Alberto Mendez
- Mendoza Walter
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- Mentis Alexios-Fotios A
- Meo Sultan Ayoub
- Meretoja Atte
- Meretoja Tuomo J
- Mersha Abera M
- Mestrovic Tomislav
- Mettananda Kukulege Chamila Dinushi
- Mettananda Sachith
- Mhlanga Adquate
- Mhlanga Laurette
- Miazgowski Tomasz
- Michalek Irmina Maria
- Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sá Ana Carolina
- Miller Ted R
- Minh Le Huu Nhat
- Mirahmadi Alireza
- Mirijello Antonio
- Mirrakhimov Erkin M
- Mirzaei Roya
- Mitchell Philip B
- Mittal Chaitanya
- Moberg Madeline E
- Moghadam Fard Atousa
- Mohajelin Seyedehfatemeh
- Mohamadkhani Ashraf
- Mohamed Ahmed Ismail
- Mohamed Jama
- Mohamed Mouhand F H
- Mohamed Nouh Saad
- Mohammad Ameen Mosa
- Mohammadi Soheil
- Mohammed Hussen
- Mohammed Mustapha
- Mohammed Shafiu
- Mokdad Ali H
- Molokhia Mariam
- Momani Shaher Mohammad
- Momtazmanesh Sara
- Monasta Lorenzo
- Mondello Stefania
- Moni Mohammad Ali
- Montazeri Fateme
- Moodi Ghalibaf AmirAli
- Moradi Maryam
- Moradi Yousef
- Moraga Paula
- Morawska Lidia
- Moreira Rafael Silveira
- Morovatdar Negar
- Morrison Shane Douglas
- Mosapour Abbas
- Mosser Jonathan F
- Mossialos Elias
- Motappa Rohith
- Mougin Vincent
- Mousavi Parsa
- Mrejen Matías
- Mubarik Sumaira
- Mueller Ulrich Otto
- Mulita Francesk
- Munjal Kavita
- Murillo-Zamora Efrén
- Murray Christopher J L
- Musallam Khaled M
- Musina Ana-Maria
- Mustafa Ghulam
- Myung Woojae
- Nafei Ayoub
- Nagarajan Ahamarshan Jayaraman
- Naghavi Pirouz
- Naik Ganesh R
- Naik Gurudatta
- Nainu Firzan
- Najdaghi Soroush
- Nakhostin Ansari Noureddin
- Nangia Vinay
- Narasimha Swamy Sreenivas
- Nargus Shumaila
- Narimani Davani Delaram
- Nascimento Bruno Ramos
- Nascimento Gustavo G
- Naser Abdallah Y
- Nashwan Abdulqadir J
- Natto Zuhair S
- Nauman Javaid
- Navaratna Samidi N K
- Naveed Muhammad
- Nawsherwan null
- Nayak Biswa Prakash
- Nayak Vinod C
- Negash Hadush
- Negoi Ionut
- Negoi Ruxandra Irina
- Nejadghaderi Seyed Aria
- Nejjari Chakib
- Nematollahi Soroush
- Netsere Henok Biresaw
- Ng Marie
- Nguefack-Tsague Georges
- Ngunjiri Josephine W
- Nguyen Tran Minh Duc
- Nguyen Anh Hoang
- Nguyen Dang H
- Nguyen Duc Hoang
- Nguyen Hau Thi Hien
- Nguyen Nhan
- Nguyen Nhien Ngoc Y
- Nguyen Phat Tuan
- Nguyen QuynhAnh P
- Nguyen Van Thanh
- Niazi Robina Khan
- Nigatu Yeshambel T
- Niknam Mahdieh
- Nikoobar Ali
- Nikpoor Amin Reza
- Nikravangolsefid Nasrin
- Noman Efaq Ali
- Nomura Shuhei
- Noor Syed Toukir Ahmed
- Noroozi Nafise
- Nouri Mehran
- Nozari Majid
- Nri-Ezedi Chisom Adaobi
- Ntaios George
- Nunemo Mengistu H
- Nurrika Dieta
- Nutor Jerry John
- Nzoputam Chimezie Igwegbe
- Nzoputam Ogochukwu Janet
- Oancea Bogdan
- Obamiro Kehinde O
- Odetokun Ismail A
- Oduro Michael Safo
- Ogundijo Oluwaseun Adeolu
- Ogunfowokan Adesola Adenike
- Ogunkoya Abiola
- Oguntade Ayodipupo Sikiru
- Oh In-Hwan
- Ojo-Akosile Tolulope R
- Okati-Aliabad Hassan
- Okekunle Akinkunmi Paul
- Okonji Osaretin Christabel
- Olagunju Andrew T
- Olatubi Matthew Idowu
- Oliveira Gláucia Maria Moraes
- Olusanya Bolajoko Olubukunola
- Olusanya Jacob Olusegun
- Oluwafemi Yinka Doris
- Omar Hany A
- Omer Goran Latif
- Ong Sokking
- Onie Sandersan
- Onwujekwe Obinna E
- Opejin Abdulahi Opejin
- Ordak Michal
- Orish Verner N
- Ortiz Alberto
- Ortiz-Prado Esteban
- Osman Wael M S
- Ostojic Sergej M
- Ostroff Samuel M
- Osuagwu Uchechukwu Levi
- Otoiu Adrian
- Otstavnov Stanislav S
- Ouyahia Amel
- Owolabi Mayowa O
- Oyeyemi Oyetunde T
- Ozair Ahmad
- P A Mahesh Padukudru
- Padron-Monedero Alicia
- Padubidri Jagadish Rao
- Pal Pramod Kumar
- Palicz Tamás
- Pan Feng
- Pan Hai-Feng
- Panda-Jonas Songhomitra
- Pandey Anamika
- Pando-Robles Victoria
- Pangaribuan Helena Ullyartha
- Panos Georgios D
- Panos Leonidas D
- Pantazopoulos Ioannis
- Pantea Stoian Anca Mihaela
- Parikh Romil R
- Park Eun-Kee
- Park Seoyeon
- Park Sungchul
- Parsons Nicholas
- Parthasarathi Ashwaghosha
- Pasovic Maja
- Passera Roberto
- Patel Jay
- Pathan Aslam Ramjan
- Patil Shankargouda
- Patoulias Dimitrios
- Pawar Shrikant
- Pazoki Toroudi Hamidreza
- Pease Spencer A
- Peden Amy E
- Pedersini Paolo
- Pensato Umberto
- Pepito Veincent Christian Filipino
- Peprah Prince
- Pereira Marcos
- Pereira Maria Odete
- Perianayagam Arokiasamy
- Perico Norberto
- Perna Simone
- Pesudovs Konrad
- Petermann-Rocha Fanny Emily
- Pham Hoang Tran
- Philip Anil K
- Phillips Michael R
- Pigeolet Manon
- Piradov Michael A
- Pisoni Enrico
- Plotnikov Evgenii
- Poddighe Dimitri
- Polibin Roman V
- Poluru Ramesh
- Ponkilainen Ville T
- Popovic Djordje S
- Postma Maarten J
- Pour-Rashidi Ahmad
- Prabhu Disha
- Prada Sergio I
- Pradhan Jalandhar
- Pradhan Pranil Man Singh
- Prashant Akila
- Prates Elton Junio Sady
- Priscilla Tina
- Purnobasuki Hery
- Purohit Bharathi M
- Puvvula Jagadeesh
- Qasim Nameer Hashim
- Qattea Ibrahim
- Qazi Asma Saleem
- Qian Gangzhen
- Rabiee Rad Mehrdad
- Radhakrishnan Venkatraman
- Raeisi Shahraki Hadi
- Rafferty Quinn
- Raggi Alberto
- Raggi Cat
- Raheem Nasiru
- Rahim Fakher
- Rahim Md Jillur
- Rahimibarghani Sarvenaz
- Rahman Md Mijanur Mijanur Rahman
- Rahman Mosiur
- Rahman Muhammad Aziz
- Rahman Tafhimur
- Rahmani Amir Masoud
- Rahmanian Mohammad
- Rahmanian Nazanin
- Rahmati Rahem
- Rahmawaty Setyaningrum
- Raimondo Diego
- Raja Adarsh
- Rajput Prashant
- Ramadan Majed
- Ramasamy Shakthi Kumaran
- Ramazanu Sheena
- Ramteke Pramod W
- Rana Kritika
- Rana Rishabh Kumar
- Ranabhat Chhabi Lal
- Rane Amey
- Rao Chythra R
- Rao Mithun
- Rasella Davide
- Rashedi Vahid
- Rashid Ahmed Mustafa
- Rasouli-Saravani Ashkan
- Rastogi Prateek
- Rasul Azad
- Rathish Devarajan
- Rathnaiah Babu Giridhara
- Rauniyar Santosh Kumar
- Ravangard Ramin
- Rawaf David Laith
- Rawaf Salman
- Raza Rabail Zehra
- Redwan Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed
- Reifels Lennart
- Reitsma Marissa B
- Remuzzi Giuseppe
- Rengasamy Kannan RR
- Reshmi Bhageerathy
- Resnikoff Serge
- Restaino Stefano
- Reyes Luis Felipe
- Rezaei Nazila
- Rezaei Negar
- Rezaei Zahra Sadat
- Rezaeian Mohsen
- Rhee Taeho Gregory
- Rickard Jennifer
- Robalik Toshana
- Robinson-Oden Hannah Elizabeth
- Rocha Hermano Alexandre Lima
- Rodrigues Mónica
- Rodriguez Jefferson Antonio Buendia
- Roever Leonardo
- Romadlon Debby Syahru
- Ronfani Luca
- Rony Moustaq karim khan
- Roshandel Gholamreza
- Rotimi Kunle
- Rout Himanshu Sekhar
- Roy Bedanta
- Rubagotti Enrico
- Ruela Guilherme de Andrade
- Rumisha Susan Fred
- Runghien Tilleye
- Russo Michele
- Saad Aly M A
- Saber Korosh
- Saber-Ayad Maha Mohamed
- Sabet Cameron John
- Sabour Siamak
- Sachdev Perminder S
- Saddler Adam
- Sadee Bashdar Abuzed
- Sadeghi Masoumeh
- Saeb Mohammad Reza
- Saeed Umar
- Safi Sher Zaman
- Sagar Rajesh
- Saghafi Alireza
- Sagoe Dominic
- Sahebkar Amirhossein
- Sahoo Pragyan Monalisa
- Sajid Mirza Rizwan
- Salam Nasir
- Salamati Payman
- Salami Afeez Abolarinwa
- Saleh Mohamed A
- Salehi Leili
- Salem Marwa Rashad
- Salemcity Aanuoluwa James
- Salimi Sohrab
- Samadi Kafil Hossein
- Samargandy Saad
- Samodra Yoseph Leonardo
- Samy Abdallah M
- Sanabria Juan
- Sanna Francesca
- Santric-Milicevic Milena M
- Sao Jose Bruno Piassi
- Saraswathy Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer
- Saravanan Aswini
- Sarmiento-Suárez Rodrigo
- Sarode Gargi Sachin
- Sarode Sachin C
- Sartorius Benn
- Satpathy Maheswar
- Sayeed Abu
- Scarmeas Nikolaos
- Schaarschmidt Benedikt Michael
- Schinckus Christophe
- Schuermans Art
- Schumacher Austin E
- Schutte Aletta Elisabeth
- Schwebel David C
- Schwendicke Falk
- Selvaraj Siddharthan
- Semreen Mohammad H
- Senapati Sabyasachi
- Sengupta Pallav
- Senthilkumaran Subramanian
- Serban Dragos
- Sethi Yashendra
- Seylani Allen
- Shafie Mahan
- Shah Pritik A
- Shahbandi Ataollah
- Shahid Samiah
- Shahid Wajeehah
- Shahsavari Hamid R
- Shahwan Moyad Jamal
- Shaikh Masood Ali
- Shalash Ali S
- Shamekh Ali
- Shamim Muhammad Aaqib
- Shanawaz Mohd
- Shankar Abhishek
- Shannawaz Mohammed
- Sharath Medha
- Sharfaei Sadaf
- Sharifan Amin
- Sharifi-Rad Javad
- Sharma Anupam
- Sharma Manoj
- Sharma Saurab
- Sharma Vishal
- Shastry Rajesh P
- Shayan Maryam
- Shekhar Shashank
- Shenoy Rekha R
- Shetty Mahabalesh
- Shetty Pavanchand H
- Shetty Premalatha K
- Shi Peilin
- Shiani Amir
- Shigematsu Mika
- Shimels Tariku
- Shiri Rahman
- Shittu Aminu
- Shiue Ivy
- Shivakumar K M
- Shool Sina
- Shorofi Seyed Afshin
- Shrestha Sunil
- Shuval Kerem
- Si Yafei
- Siddig Emmanuel Edwar
- Sidhu Jaspreet Kaur
- Silva João Pedro
- Silva Luís Manuel Lopes Rodrigues
- Silva Soraia
- Silva Thales Philipe R
- Simpson Colin R
- Simpson Kyle E
- Singh Abhinav
- Singh Balbir Bagicha
- Singh Baljinder
- Singh Harmanjit
- Singh Jasbir
- Singh Paramdeep
- Singh Puneetpal
- Skou Søren T
- Smith Amanda E
- Smith Georgia
- Sobia Farrukh
- Socea Bogdan
- Solanki Shipra
- Soleimani Hamidreza
- Soliman Sameh S M
- Song Yi
- Soyiri Ireneous N
- Spartalis Michael
- Spearman Sandra
- Sreeramareddy Chandrashekhar T
- Stanaway Jeffrey D
- Stanikzai Muhammad Haroon
- Starodubova Antonina V
- Stein Dan J
- Steiner Caitlyn
- Steiropoulos Paschalis
- Stockfelt Leo
- Stokes Mark A
- Straif Kurt
- Subedi Narayan
- Suliankatchi Abdulkader Rizwan
- Sultana Abida
- Sun Jing
- Sundström Johan
- Swain Chandan Kumar
- Szarpak Lukasz
- Szeto Mindy D
- Tabaee Damavandi Payam
- Tabarés-Seisdedos Rafael
- Tabatabaei Malazy Ozra
- Tabatabaeizadeh Seyed-Amir
- Tabatabai Shima
- Tabb Karen M
- Tabche Celine
- Tabish Mohammad
- Taheri Abkenar Yasaman
- Taheri Soodejani Moslem
- Taiba Jabeen
- Talaat Iman M
- Tamuzi Jacques Lukenze
- Tan Ker-Kan
- Tang Haosu
- Tat Nathan Y
- Tavakoli Oliaee Razieh
- Tavangar Seyed Mohammad
- Taveira Nuno
- Tbakhi Abdelghani
- Tehrani Hadi
- Temsah Mohamad-Hani
- Teramoto Masayuki
- Tesfaye Behailu Terefe
- Teye-Kwadjo Enoch
- Thangaraju Pugazhenthan
- Thankappan Kavumpurathu Raman
- Thapar Rekha
- Thayakaran Rasiah
- Thirunavukkarasu Sathish
- Thomas Nihal
- Thygesen Lau Caspar
- Ticoalu Jansje Henny Vera
- Timalsena Dinesh
- Tiruye Tenaw Yimer
- Tiwari Krishna
- Tomo Sojit
- Tonelli Marcello
- Topor-Madry Roman
- Touvier Mathilde
- Tovani-Palone Marcos Roberto
- Tran An Thien
- Tran Jasmine T
- Tran Nghia Minh
- Tran Thang Huu
- Trico Domenico
- Tromans Samuel Joseph
- Truyen Thien Tan Tri Tai
- Tsatsakis Aristidis
- Tsermpini Evangelia Eirini
- Tumurkhuu Munkhtuya
- Turnock Steven T
- Udoh Arit
- Ullah Atta
- Ullah Saeed
- Ullah Sana
- Umakanthan Srikanth
- Umar Muhammad
- Umar Shehu Salihu
- Unim Brigid
- Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran
- Upadhyay Era
- Usman Jibrin Sammani
- Vahdati Sanaz
- Vaithinathan Asokan Govindaraj
- Vakili Omid
- Valizadeh Rohollah
- Van den Eynde Jef
- Vart Priya
- Varthya Shoban Babu
- Vasankari Tommi Juhani
- Vasic Milena
- Venketasubramanian Narayanaswamy
- Veroux Massimiliano
- Verras Georgios-Ioannis
- Vervoort Dominique
- Vijayageetha Mathavaswami
- Villafañe Jorge Hugo
- Vinayak Manish
- Violante Francesco S
- Vladimirov Sergey Konstantinovitch
- Vlassov Vasily
- Vo Bay
- Vohra Karn
- Vollset Stein Emil
- Vos Theo
- Wadood Abdul Wadood
- Waheed Yasir
- Wang Fang
- Wang Shaopan
- Wang Shu
- Wang Yanqing
- Wang Yanzhong
- Wang Yuan-Pang
- Wanjau Mary Njeri
- Waqas Muhammad
- Ward Paul
- Waris Abdul
- Wassie Emebet Gashaw
- Watson Stefanie
- Weaver Marcia R
- Weerakoon Kosala Gayan
- Weintraub Robert G
- Weldetinsaa Haftom Legese Legese
- Wells Katherine M
- Wen Yi Feng
- Westerman Ronny
- Wiangkham Taweewat
- Wickramasinghe Dakshitha Praneeth
- Widowati Evi
- Wojewodzic Marcin W
- Woldeyes Dawit Habte
- Wolf Axel Walter
- Wolfe Charles D A
- Wu Chenkai
- Wu Dongze
- Wu Felicia
- Wu Jiayuan
- Wu Zenghong
- Wulf Hanson Sarah
- Xiao Hong
- Xu Suowen
- Yadav Rakesh
- Yamagishi Kazumasa
- Yang Danting
- Yano Yuichiro
- Yarahmadi Amir
- Yazdani Nia Iman
- Ye Pengpeng
- Yesodharan Renjulal
- Yesuf Subah Abderehim
- Yezli Saber
- Yigzaw Zeamanuel Anteneh
- Yiğit Arzu
- Yiğit Vahit
- Yin Dehui
- Yip Paul
- Yonemoto Naohiro
- You Yuyi
- Younis Mustafa Z
- Yu Chuanhua
- Yu Elaine A
- Yu Yong
- Yuan Chun-Wei
- Yusuf Hadiza
- Zafar Uzma
- Zafari Nima
- Zahid Mondal Hasan
- Zakham Fathiah
- Zaki Nazar
- Zerfu Taddese Alemu
- Zhang Haijun
- Zhang Jingya
- Zhang Liqun
- Zhang Yunquan
- Zhang Zhiqiang
- Zhao Xiu-Ju George
- Zhao Yang
- Zhao Zhongyi
- Zhong Chenwen
- Zhou Bolun
- Zhou Juexiao
- Zhou Shangcheng
- Zhu Bin
- Zhumagaliuly Abzal
- Zielińska Magdalena
- Zoghi Ghazal
- Zumla Alimuddin
- Zyoud Sa'ed H
- Zyoud Samer H
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2024
- Field of study
Background: Future trends in disease burden and drivers of health are of great interest to policy makers and the public at large. This information can be used for policy and long-term health investment, planning, and prioritisation. We have expanded and improved upon previous forecasts produced as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) and provide a reference forecast (the most likely future), and alternative scenarios assessing disease burden trajectories if selected sets of risk factors were eliminated from current levels by 2050. Methods: Using forecasts of major drivers of health such as the Socio-demographic Index (SDI; a composite measure of lag-distributed income per capita, mean years of education, and total fertility under 25 years of age) and the full set of risk factor exposures captured by GBD, we provide cause-specific forecasts of mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) by age and sex from 2022 to 2050 for 204 countries and territories, 21 GBD regions, seven super-regions, and the world. All analyses were done at the cause-specific level so that only risk factors deemed causal by the GBD comparative risk assessment influenced future trajectories of mortality for each disease. Cause-specific mortality was modelled using mixed-effects models with SDI and time as the main covariates, and the combined impact of causal risk factors as an offset in the model. At the all-cause mortality level, we captured unexplained variation by modelling residuals with an autoregressive integrated moving average model with drift attenuation. These all-cause forecasts constrained the cause-specific forecasts at successively deeper levels of the GBD cause hierarchy using cascading mortality models, thus ensuring a robust estimate of cause-specific mortality. For non-fatal measures (eg, low back pain), incidence and prevalence were forecasted from mixed-effects models with SDI as the main covariate, and YLDs were computed from the resulting prevalence forecasts and average disability weights from GBD. Alternative future scenarios were constructed by replacing appropriate reference trajectories for risk factors with hypothetical trajectories of gradual elimination of risk factor exposure from current levels to 2050. The scenarios were constructed from various sets of risk factors: environmental risks (Safer Environment scenario), risks associated with communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases (CMNNs; Improved Childhood Nutrition and Vaccination scenario), risks associated with major non-communicable diseases (NCDs; Improved Behavioural and Metabolic Risks scenario), and the combined effects of these three scenarios. Using the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways climate scenarios SSP2-4.5 as reference and SSP1-1.9 as an optimistic alternative in the Safer Environment scenario, we accounted for climate change impact on health by using the most recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change temperature forecasts and published trajectories of ambient air pollution for the same two scenarios. Life expectancy and healthy life expectancy were computed using standard methods. The forecasting framework includes computing the age-sex-specific future population for each location and separately for each scenario. 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) for each individual future estimate were derived from the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles of distributions generated from propagating 500 draws through the multistage computational pipeline. Findings: In the reference scenario forecast, global and super-regional life expectancy increased from 2022 to 2050, but improvement was at a slower pace than in the three decades preceding the COVID-19 pandemic (beginning in 2020). Gains in future life expectancy were forecasted to be greatest in super-regions with comparatively low life expectancies (such as sub-Saharan Africa) compared with super-regions with higher life expectancies (such as the high-income super-region), leading to a trend towards convergence in life expectancy across locations between now and 2050. At the super-region level, forecasted healthy life expectancy patterns were similar to those of life expectancies. Forecasts for the reference scenario found that health will improve in the coming decades, with all-cause age-standardised DALY rates decreasing in every GBD super-region. The total DALY burden measured in counts, however, will increase in every super-region, largely a function of population ageing and growth. We also forecasted that both DALY counts and age-standardised DALY rates will continue to shift from CMNNs to NCDs, with the most pronounced shifts occurring in sub-Saharan Africa (60·1% [95% UI 56·8–63·1] of DALYs were from CMNNs in 2022 compared with 35·8% [31·0–45·0] in 2050) and south Asia (31·7% [29·2–34·1] to 15·5% [13·7–17·5]). This shift is reflected in the leading global causes of DALYs, with the top four causes in 2050 being ischaemic heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, compared with 2022, with ischaemic heart disease, neonatal disorders, stroke, and lower respiratory infections at the top. The global proportion of DALYs due to YLDs likewise increased from 33·8% (27·4–40·3) to 41·1% (33·9–48·1) from 2022 to 2050, demonstrating an important shift in overall disease burden towards morbidity and away from premature death. The largest shift of this kind was forecasted for sub-Saharan Africa, from 20·1% (15·6–25·3) of DALYs due to YLDs in 2022 to 35·6% (26·5–43·0) in 2050. In the assessment of alternative future scenarios, the combined effects of the scenarios (Safer Environment, Improved Childhood Nutrition and Vaccination, and Improved Behavioural and Metabolic Risks scenarios) demonstrated an important decrease in the global burden of DALYs in 2050 of 15·4% (13·5–17·5) compared with the reference scenario, with decreases across super-regions ranging from 10·4% (9·7–11·3) in the high-income super-region to 23·9% (20·7–27·3) in north Africa and the Middle East. The Safer Environment scenario had its largest decrease in sub-Saharan Africa (5·2% [3·5–6·8]), the Improved Behavioural and Metabolic Risks scenario in north Africa and the Middle East (23·2% [20·2–26·5]), and the Improved Nutrition and Vaccination scenario in sub-Saharan Africa (2·0% [–0·6 to 3·6]). Interpretation: Globally, life expectancy and age-standardised disease burden were forecasted to improve between 2022 and 2050, with the majority of the burden continuing to shift from CMNNs to NCDs. That said, continued progress on reducing the CMNN disease burden will be dependent on maintaining investment in and policy emphasis on CMNN disease prevention and treatment. Mostly due to growth and ageing of populations, the number of deaths and DALYs due to all causes combined will generally increase. By constructing alternative future scenarios wherein certain risk exposures are eliminated by 2050, we have shown that opportunities exist to substantially improve health outcomes in the future through concerted efforts to prevent exposure to well established risk factors and to expand access to key health interventions
Global incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
- Author
- Aali Amirali
- Abate Yohannes Habtegiorgis
- Abbafati Cristiana
- Abbastabar Hedayat
- Abd ElHafeez Samar
- Abd-Elsalam Sherief
- Abdelmasseh Michael
- Abdollahi Arash
- Abdullahi Auwal
- Abegaz Kedir Hussein
- Abeldaño Zuñiga Roberto Ariel
- Aboagye Richard Gyan
- Abolhassani Hassan
- Abreu Lucas Guimarães
- Abu-Gharbieh Eman
- Abu-Rmeileh Niveen ME
- Abualruz Hasan
- Ackerman Ilana N
- Addo Isaac Yeboah
- Addolorato Giovanni
- Adebiyi Akindele Olupelumi
- Adepoju Abiola Victor
- Adewuyi Habeeb Omoponle
- Afyouni Shadi
- Afzal Saira
- Afzal Sina
- Agodi Antonella
- Ahmad Aqeel
- Ahmad Danish
- Ahmad Firdos
- Ahmad Shahzaib
- Ahmed Ali
- Ahmed Luai A
- Ahmed Muktar Beshir
- Ajami Marjan
- Akinosoglou Karolina
- Akkaif Mohammed Ahmed
- Al Hasan Syed Mahfuz
- Al-Aly Ziyad
- Al-Gheethi Adel Ali Saeed
- Al-Marwani Sabah
- Al-Omari Basem
- Al-Wardat Mohammad Sami
- Al-Worafi Yaser Mohammed
- Alalalmeh Samer O
- Albashtawy Mohammed
- Aldridge Robert W
- Alemu Meseret Desalegn
- Alemu Yihun Mulugeta
- Alene Kefyalew Addis
- Alharrasi Maryam
- Alhassan Robert Kaba
- Ali Mohammed Usman
- Ali Rafat
- Ali Syed Shujait Shujait
- Alif Sheikh Mohammad
- Aljunid Syed Mohamed
- Almazan Joseph Uy
- Alomari Mahmoud A
- Altaany Zaid
- Alvis-Guzman Nelson
- Alvis-Zakzuk Nelson J
- Alwafi Hassan
- Aly Safwat
- Alzoubi Karem H
- Amare Azmeraw T
- Amegbor Prince M
- Ameyaw Edward Kwabena
- Amin Tarek Tawfik
- Amindarolzarbi Alireza
- Amiri Sohrab
- Amugsi Dickson A
- Ancuceanu Robert
- Anderlini Deanna
- Anderson David B
- Andrade Pedro Prata
- Andrei Catalina Liliana
- Ansari Hossein
- Antony Catherine M
- Anwar Saleha
- Anwar Sumadi Lukman
- Anwer Razique
- Anyanwu Philip Emeka
- Arab Juan Pablo
- Arabloo Jalal
- Arafat Mosab
- Araki Daniel T
- Aravkin Aleksandr Y
- Arkew Mesay
- Armocida Benedetta
- Arndt Michael Benjamin
- Arooj Mahwish
- Artamonov Anton A
- Aruleba Raphael Taiwo
- Arumugam Ashokan
- Ashbaugh Charlie
- Ashemo Mubarek Yesse
- Ashraf Muhammad
- Asika Marvellous O
- Askari Elaheh
- Astell-Burt Thomas
- Athari Seyyed Shamsadin
- Atorkey Prince
- Atout Maha Moh'd Wahbi
- Atreya Alok
- Aujayeb Avinash
- Ausloos Marcel
- Avan Abolfazl
- Awotidebe Adedapo Wasiu
- Awuviry-Newton Kofi
- Ayala Quintanilla Beatriz Paulina
- Ayuso-Mateos Jose L
- Azadnajafabad Sina
- Azevedo Rui M S
- Babu Abraham Samuel
- Badar Muhammad
- Badiye Ashish D
- Baghdadi Soroush
- Bagheri Nasser
- Bah Sulaiman
- Bai Ruhai
- Baker Jennifer L
- Bakkannavar Shankar M
- Bako Abdulaziz T
- Balakrishnan Senthilkumar
- Bam Kiran
- Banik Palash Chandra
- Barchitta Martina
- Bardhan Mainak
- Bardideh Erfan
- Barker-Collo Suzanne Lyn
- Barqawi Hiba Jawdat
- Barrow Amadou
- Barteit Sandra
- Barua Lingkan
- Bashiri Aliabadi Somaye
- Basiru Afisu
- Basu Sanjay
- Basu Saurav
- Bathini Prapthi Persis
- Batra Kavita
- Baune Bernhard T
- Bayileyegn Nebiyou Simegnew
- Behnam Babak
- Behnoush Amir Hossein
- Beiranvand Maryam
- Bejarano Ramirez Diana Fernanda
- Bell Michelle L
- Bello Olorunjuwon Omolaja
- Beloukas Apostolos
- Bensenor Isabela M
- Berezvai Zombor
- Bernabe Eduardo
- Bernstein Robert S
- Bettencourt Paulo J G
- Bhagavathula Akshaya Srikanth
- Bhala Neeraj
- Bhandari Dinesh
- Bhargava Ashish
- Bhaskar Sonu
- Bhat Vivek
- Bhatti Gurjit Kaur
- Bhatti Jasvinder Singh
- Bhatti Manpreet S
- Bhatti Rajbir
- Bhutta Zulfiqar A
- Bikbov Boris
- Bishai Jessica Devin
- Bisignano Catherine
- Bitra Veera R
- Bjørge Tone
- Bodolica Virginia
- Bodunrin Aadam Olalekan
- Bogale Eyob Ketema
- Bonakdar Hashemi Milad
- Bonny Aime
- Bora Basara Berrak
- Borhany Hamed
- Boxe Christopher
- Brady Oliver J
- Bragazzi Nicola Luigi
- Braithwaite Dejana
- Brant Luisa C
- Brauer Michael
- Breitner Susanne
- Brenner Hermann
- Brown Julie
- Brugha Traolach
- Bulamu Norma B
- Buonsenso Danilo
- Burkart Katrin
- Burns Richard A
- Busse Reinhard
- Bustanji Yasser
- Butt Zahid A
- Byun Justin
- Caetano dos Santos Florentino Luciano
- Calina Daniela
- Campos-Nonato Ismael R
- Cao Chao
- Capodici Angelo
- Carr Sinclair
- Carreras Giulia
- Carugno Andrea
- Carvalho Márcia
- Castaldelli-Maia Joao Mauricio
- Castañeda-Orjuela Carlos A
- Castelpietra Giulio
- Catapano Alberico L
- Cattaruzza Maria Sofia
- Caye Arthur
- Cámera Luis Alberto
- Cegolon Luca
- Cembranel Francieli
- Cenderadewi Muthia
- Cerin Ester
- Chakraborty Promit Ananyo
- Chan Jeffrey Shi Kai
- Chan Raymond N C
- Chandika Rama Mohan
- Chandrasekar Eeshwar K
- Charalampous Periklis
- Chattu Vijay Kumar
- Chatzimavridou-Grigoriadou Victoria
- Chen An-Tian
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- Chen Nathalie M
- Cheng Esther T W
- Chimed-Ochir Odgerel
- Chimoriya Ritesh
- Ching Patrick R
- Cho William C S
- Choi Sungchul
- Chong Bryan
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- Choudhari Sonali Gajanan
- Chowdhury Rajiv
- Christensen Steffan Wittrup McPhee
- Chu Dinh-Toi
- Chukwu Isaac Sunday
- Chung Eric
- Chung Eunice
- Chutiyami Muhammad
- Claassens Mareli M
- Cogen Rebecca M
- Columbus Alyssa
- Conde Joao
- Cortesi Paolo Angelo
- Cousin Ewerton
- Criqui Michael H
- Cruz-Martins Natália
- D'Oria Mario
- Dadras Omid
- Dai Siyu
- Dai Xiaochen
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- Dalaba Maxwell Ayindenaba
- Damiani Giovanni
- Das Jai K
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- Davletov Kairat
- Dávila-Cervantes Claudio Alberto
- De Leo Diego
- Debele Aklilu Tamire
- Debopadhaya Shayom
- DeCleene Nicole K
- Deeba Farah
- Degenhardt Louisa
- Del Bo' Cristian
- Delgado-Enciso Ivan
- Demetriades Andreas K
- Denova-Gutiérrez Edgar
- Dervenis Nikolaos
- Desai Hardik Dineshbhai
- Desai Rupak
- Deuba Keshab
- Dhama Kuldeep
- Dharmaratne Samath Dhamminda
- Dhingra Sameer
- Dias da Silva Diana
- Diaz Daniel
- Diaz Luis Antonio
- Diaz Michael J
- Dima Adriana
- Ding Delaney D
- Dirac M Ashworth
- do Prado Camila Bruneli
- Do Thao Huynh Phuong
- Dohare Sushil
- Dominguez Regina-Mae Villanueva
- Dong Wanyue
- Dongarwar Deepa
- Dorsey E Ray
- Doshmangir Leila
- Dowou Robert Kokou
- Driscoll Tim Robert
- Dsouza Haneil Larson
- Dsouza Viola
- Dube John
- Dumith Samuel C
- Duncan Bruce B
- Duraes Andre Rodrigues
- Duraisamy Senbagam
- Durojaiye Oyewole Christopher
- Dzianach Paulina Agnieszka
- Dziedzic Arkadiusz Marian
- Eboreime Ejemai
- Ebrahimi Alireza
- Edinur Hisham Atan
- Edvardsson David
- Eikemo Terje Andreas
- Eini Ebrahim
- Ekholuenetale Michael
- Ekundayo Temitope Cyrus
- El Sayed Iman
- El Tantawi Maha
- Elbarazi Iffat
- Elemam Noha Mousaad
- ElGohary Ghada Metwally Tawfik
- Elhadi Muhammed
- Elmeligy Omar Abdelsadek Abdou
- ELNahas Gihan
- Elshaer Mohammed
- Elsohaby Ibrahim
- Engelbert Bain Luchuo
- Erkhembayar Ryenchindorj
- Eshrati Babak
- Estep Kara
- Fabin Natalia
- Fagbamigbe Adeniyi Francis
- Falzone Luca
- Fareed Mohammad
- Farinha Carla Sofia e Sá
- Faris MoezAlIslam Ezzat Mahmoud
- Faro Andre
- Farrokhi Pegah
- Fatehizadeh Ali
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- Gaidhane Abhay Motiramji
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- Gandhi Aravind P
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- Gebi Tilaye Gebru
- Gebregergis Miglas W
- Gebrehiwot Mesfin
- Gebremariam Tesfay B B
- Gebremeskel Teferi Gebru
- Gela Yibeltal Yismaw
- Georgescu Simona Roxana
- Getachew Obsa Abera
- Gething Peter W
- Getie Molla
- Ghadiri Keyghobad
- Ghadirian Fataneh
- Ghailan Khalid Yaser
- Ghajar Alireza
- Ghasemi MohammadReza
- Ghasempour Dabaghi Ghazal
- Ghasemzadeh Afsaneh
- Ghazy Ramy Mohamed
- Gholamrezanezhad Ali
- Ghorbani Mahsa
- Ghotbi Elena
- Gibson Ruth Margaret
- Gill Tiffany K
- Ginindza Themba G
- Girmay Alem
- Glasbey James C
- Godinho Myron Anthony
- Goharinezhad Salime
- Goldust Mohamad
- Golechha Mahaveer
- Goleij Pouya
- Gona Philimon N
- Gorini Giuseppe
- Goulart Alessandra C
- Göbölös Laszlo
- Grada Ayman
- Grivna Michal
- Guan Shi-Yang
- Guarducci Giovanni
- Gubari Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen
- Gudeta Mesay Dechasa
- Guha Avirup
- Guicciardi Stefano
- Gulati Snigdha
- Gulisashvili David
- Gunawardane Damitha Asanga
- Guo Cui
- Gupta Anish Kumar
- Gupta Bhawna
- Gupta Ishita
- Gupta Mohak
- Gupta Rajeev
- Gupta Veer Bala
- Gupta Vijai Kumar
- Gupta Vivek Kumar
- Gutiérrez Reyna Alma
- Habibzadeh Farrokh
- Habibzadeh Parham
- Haddadi Rasool
- Hadi Najah R
- Haep Nils
- Hafezi-Nejad Nima
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- Halboub Esam S
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- Hannan Md Abdul
- Haque Md Nuruzzaman
- Harapan Harapan
- Haro Josep Maria
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- Hasaballah Ahmed I
- Hasan Ikramul
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- Hay Simon I
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- Heidari Golnaz
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- Hezam Kamal
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- Holla Ramesh
- Hon Julia
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- Iwu Chidozie C D
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- Jaggi Khushleen
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- Jahanmehr Nader
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- Jain Nityanand
- Jairoun Ammar Abdulrahman
- Jaiswal Abhishek
- Jakovljevic Mihajlo
- Jatau Abubakar Ibrahim
- Javadov Sabzali
- Javaheri Tahereh
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- Keykhaei Mohammad
- Khajuria Himanshu
- Khalaji Amirmohammad
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- Khamesipour Faham
- Khan Asaduzzaman
- Khan Ikramullah
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- Khormali Moein
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- Knudsen Ann Kristin Skrindo
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- Kochhar Sonali
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- Kompani Farzad
- Koren Gerbrand
- Korzh Oleksii
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- Koulmane Laxminarayana Sindhura Lakshmi
- Krishan Kewal
- Krishna Varun
- Krishnamoorthy Vijay
- Kuate Defo Barthelemy
- Kuddus Md Abdul
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- Kuitunen Ilari
- Kulkarni Vishnutheertha
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- Kurmi Om P
- Kusuma Dian
- Kyu Hmwe Hmwe
- La Vecchia Carlo
- Lacey Ben
- Ladan Muhammad Awwal
- Laflamme Lucie
- Lafranconi Alessandra
- Lahariya Chandrakant
- Lai Daphne Teck Ching
- Lal Dharmesh Kumar
- Lalloo Ratilal
- Lallukka Tea
- Lan Qing
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- Landires Iván
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- Langguth Berthold
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- Larijani Bagher
- Larsson Anders O
- Lasrado Savita
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- Ledda Caterina
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- Li Wei
- Li Xiaopan
- Li Yichong
- Li Yongze
- Lim Lee-Ling
- Lim Stephen S
- Lindstrom Megan
- Linn Shai
- Liu Gang
- Liu Runben
- Liu Shiwei
- Liu Wei
- Liu Xiaofeng
- Liu Xuefeng
- Llanaj Erand
- Lo Chun-Han
- Loreche Arianna Maever
- Lorenzovici László
- Lozano Rafael
- López-Bueno Rubén
- Lubinda Jailos
- Lucchetti Giancarlo
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- Magaña Gómez Javier A
- Maghazachi Azzam A
- Maharjan Preeti
- Mahasha Phetole Walter
- Maheri Mina
- Mahjoub Soleiman
- Mahmoud Mansour Adam
- Mahmoudi Elham
- Majeed Azeem
- Makris Konstantinos Christos
- Malakan Rad Elaheh
- Malhotra Kashish
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- Malta Deborah Carvalho
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- Martinez-Piedra Ramon
- Martini Daniela
- Martins-Melo Francisco Rogerlândio
- Martorell Miquel
- Marx Wolfgang
- Maryam Sharmeen
- Marzo Roy Rillera
- Mathangasinghe Yasith
- Mathieson Stephanie
- Mathioudakis Alexander G
- Mattumpuram Jishanth
- Maugeri Andrea
- Mayeli Mahsa
- Mazidi Mohsen
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- Yesuf Subah Abderehim
- Yezli Saber
- Yigzaw Zeamanuel Anteneh
- Yiğit Arzu
- Yiğit Vahit
- Yismaw Yazachew
- Yon Dong Keon
- Yonemoto Naohiro
- Younis Mustafa Z
- Yu Chuanhua
- Yu Yong
- Yusuf Hadiza
- Zahid Mondal Hasan
- Zakham Fathiah
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- Zamora Nelson
- Zand Ramin
- Zandieh Ghazal G Z
- Zar Heather J
- Zarrintan Armin
- Zastrozhin Mikhail Sergeevich
- Zhang Haijun
- Zhang Ning
- Zhang Yunquan
- Zhao Hanqing
- Zhong Chenwen
- Zhong Panliang
- Zhou Juexiao
- Zhu Zhaohua
- Ziafati Makan
- Zielińska Magdalena
- Zimsen Stephanie R M
- Zoladl Mohammad
- Zumla Alimuddin
- Zyoud Samer H
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2024
- Field of study
Background: Detailed, comprehensive, and timely reporting on population health by underlying causes of disability and premature death is crucial to understanding and responding to complex patterns of disease and injury burden over time and across age groups, sexes, and locations. The availability of disease burden estimates can promote evidence-based interventions that enable public health researchers, policy makers, and other professionals to implement strategies that can mitigate diseases. It can also facilitate more rigorous monitoring of progress towards national and international health targets, such as the Sustainable Development Goals. For three decades, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) has filled that need. A global network of collaborators contributed to the production of GBD 2021 by providing, reviewing, and analysing all available data. GBD estimates are updated routinely with additional data and refined analytical methods. GBD 2021 presents, for the first time, estimates of health loss due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The GBD 2021 disease and injury burden analysis estimated years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries using 100 983 data sources. Data were extracted from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, censuses, household surveys, disease-specific registries, health service contact data, and other sources. YLDs were calculated by multiplying cause-age-sex-location-year-specific prevalence of sequelae by their respective disability weights, for each disease and injury. YLLs were calculated by multiplying cause-age-sex-location-year-specific deaths by the standard life expectancy at the age that death occurred. DALYs were calculated by summing YLDs and YLLs. HALE estimates were produced using YLDs per capita and age-specific mortality rates by location, age, sex, year, and cause. 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for all final estimates as the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles values of 500 draws. Uncertainty was propagated at each step of the estimation process. Counts and age-standardised rates were calculated globally, for seven super-regions, 21 regions, 204 countries and territories (including 21 countries with subnational locations), and 811 subnational locations, from 1990 to 2021. Here we report data for 2010 to 2021 to highlight trends in disease burden over the past decade and through the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings: Global DALYs increased from 2·63 billion (95% UI 2·44–2·85) in 2010 to 2·88 billion (2·64–3·15) in 2021 for all causes combined. Much of this increase in the number of DALYs was due to population growth and ageing, as indicated by a decrease in global age-standardised all-cause DALY rates of 14·2% (95% UI 10·7–17·3) between 2010 and 2019. Notably, however, this decrease in rates reversed during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, with increases in global age-standardised all-cause DALY rates since 2019 of 4·1% (1·8–6·3) in 2020 and 7·2% (4·7–10·0) in 2021. In 2021, COVID-19 was the leading cause of DALYs globally (212·0 million [198·0–234·5] DALYs), followed by ischaemic heart disease (188·3 million [176·7–198·3]), neonatal disorders (186·3 million [162·3–214·9]), and stroke (160·4 million [148·0–171·7]). However, notable health gains were seen among other leading communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional (CMNN) diseases. Globally between 2010 and 2021, the age-standardised DALY rates for HIV/AIDS decreased by 47·8% (43·3–51·7) and for diarrhoeal diseases decreased by 47·0% (39·9–52·9). Non-communicable diseases contributed 1·73 billion (95% UI 1·54–1·94) DALYs in 2021, with a decrease in age-standardised DALY rates since 2010 of 6·4% (95% UI 3·5–9·5). Between 2010 and 2021, among the 25 leading Level 3 causes, age-standardised DALY rates increased most substantially for anxiety disorders (16·7% [14·0–19·8]), depressive disorders (16·4% [11·9–21·3]), and diabetes (14·0% [10·0–17·4]). Age-standardised DALY rates due to injuries decreased globally by 24·0% (20·7–27·2) between 2010 and 2021, although improvements were not uniform across locations, ages, and sexes. Globally, HALE at birth improved slightly, from 61·3 years (58·6–63·6) in 2010 to 62·2 years (59·4–64·7) in 2021. However, despite this overall increase, HALE decreased by 2·2% (1·6–2·9) between 2019 and 2021. Interpretation: Putting the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of causes of health loss is crucial to understanding its impact and ensuring that health funding and policy address needs at both local and global levels through cost-effective and evidence-based interventions. A global epidemiological transition remains underway. Our findings suggest that prioritising non-communicable disease prevention and treatment policies, as well as strengthening health systems, continues to be crucially important. The progress on reducing the burden of CMNN diseases must not stall; although global trends are improving, the burden of CMNN diseases remains unacceptably high. Evidence-based interventions will help save the lives of young children and mothers and improve the overall health and economic conditions of societies across the world. Governments and multilateral organisations should prioritise pandemic preparedness planning alongside efforts to reduce the burden of diseases and injuries that will strain resources in the coming decades. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
The DUNE far detector vertical drift technology. Technical design report
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- Yankelevich A.
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- Zucchelli S.
- Zuklin J.
- Zutshi V.
- Zwaska R.
- Publication venue
- IOP Publishing
- Publication date
- 01/01/2024
- Field of study
DUNE is an international experiment dedicated to addressing some of the questions at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics, including the mystifying preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe. The dual-site experiment will employ an intense neutrino beam focused on a near and a far detector as it aims to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy and to make high-precision measurements of the PMNS matrix parameters, including the CP-violating phase. It will also stand ready to observe supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector implements liquid argon time-projection chamber (LArTPC) technology, and combines the many tens-of-kiloton fiducial mass necessary for rare event searches with the sub-centimeter spatial resolution required to image those events with high precision. The addition of a photon detection system enhances physics capabilities for all DUNE physics drivers and opens prospects for further physics explorations. Given its size, the far detector will be implemented as a set of modules, with LArTPC designs that differ from one another as newer technologies arise. In the vertical drift LArTPC design, a horizontal cathode bisects the detector, creating two stacked drift volumes in which ionization charges drift towards anodes at either the top or bottom. The anodes are composed of perforated PCB layers with conductive strips, enabling reconstruction in 3D. Light-trap-style photon detection modules are placed both on the cryostat's side walls and on the central cathode where they are optically powered. This Technical Design Report describes in detail the technical implementations of each subsystem of this LArTPC that, together with the other far detector modules and the near detector, will enable DUNE to achieve its physics goals
Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries
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- Abad-Motos A.
- Abbas A.M.
- Abbas M.
- Abbasi M.
- Abbott T.
- Abdalaal I.
- Abdel-Galil K.
- Abdelemam R.
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- Abdelmageed A.
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- Abdelmohsen S.
- Abdelrahman A.S.
- Abdelrahman M.
- Abdelwahab K.
- Abdou H.
- Abdulai D.R.
- Abdulkhaleq M.
- Abdullah B.
- Abdulsalam K.
- Abdulsalam S.
- Abdur-Rahman L.
- Abdus-Salam R.
- Abdussalam H.O.
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- Abu-Zaid A.
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- Šantak G.
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- Žatecký J.
- Publication venue
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Publication date
- 01/07/2023
- Field of study
Background
Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres.
Methods
This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries.
Results
In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia.
Conclusion
This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries
Recommended from our members
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- Aali Amirali
- Ababneh Hazim S
- Abate Yohannes Habtegiorgis
- Abbafati Cristiana
- Abbasgholizadeh Rouzbeh
- Abbasi-Kangevari Mohsen
- Abbasian Mohammadreza
- Abbastabar Hedayat
- Abd ElHafeez Samar
- Abd-Elsalam Sherief
- Abdelmasseh Michael
- Abdelwahab Ahmed
- Abdollahi Mohammad
- Abdollahifar Mohammad-Amin
- Abdoun Meriem
- Abdulah Deldar Morad
- Abdullahi Auwal
- Abebe Mesfin
- Abebe Samrawit Shawel
- Abedi Aidin
- Abegaz Kedir Hussein
- Abhilash E S
- Abidi Hassan
- Abiodun Olumide
- Aboagye Richard Gyan
- Abolhassani Hassan
- Abolmaali Meysam
- Abouzid Mohamed
- Aboye Girma Beressa
- Abreu Lucas Guimarães
- Abrha Woldu Aberhe
- Abtahi Dariush
- Abu Rumeileh Samir
- Abu-Gharbieh Eman
- Abu-Rmeileh Niveen ME
- Abu-Zaid Ahmed
- Abualruz Hasan
- Abubakar Bilyaminu
- Aburuz Salahdein
- Accrombessi Manfred Mario Kokou
- Adal Tadele Girum
- Adamu Abdu A
- Addo Isaac Yeboah
- Addolorato Giovanni
- Adebiyi Akindele Olupelumi
- Adekanmbi Victor
- Adepoju Abiola Victor
- Adetunji Charles Oluwaseun
- Adetunji Juliana Bunmi
- Adeyeoluwa Temitayo Esther
- Adeyinka Daniel Adedayo
- Adeyomoye Olorunsola Israel
- Admass Biruk Adie Adie
- Adnani Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah
- Adra Saryia
- Afolabi Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika
- Afzal Muhammad Sohail
- Afzal Saira
- Agampodi Suneth Buddhika
- Agasthi Pradyumna
- Aggarwal Manik
- Aghamiri Shahin
- Agide Feleke Doyore
- Agodi Antonella
- Agrawal Anurag
- Agyemang-Duah Williams
- Ahinkorah Bright Opoku
- Ahmad Aqeel
- Ahmad Danish
- Ahmad Firdos
- Ahmad Muayyad M
- Ahmad Sajjad
- Ahmad Shahzaib
- Ahmad Tauseef
- Ahmadi Keivan
- Ahmadzade Amir Mahmoud
- Ahmed Ali
- Ahmed Ayman
- Ahmed Haroon
- Ahmed Luai A
- Ahmed Mehrunnisha Sharif
- Ahmed Meqdad Saleh
- Ahmed Muktar Beshir
- Ahmed Syed Anees
- Ajami Marjan
- Aji Budi
- Akara Essona Matatom
- Akbarialiabad Hossein
- Akinosoglou Karolina
- Akinyemiju Tomi
- Akkaif Mohammed Ahmed
- Akyirem Samuel
- Al Hamad Hanadi
- Al Hasan Syed Mahfuz
- Al-Aly Ziyad
- Al-amer Rasmieh Mustafa
- Al-Azzam Sayer
- Al-Gheethi Adel Ali Saeed
- Al-Hanawi Mohammed Khaled
- Al-Marwani Sabah
- Al-Maweri Sadeq Ali Ali
- Al-Mekhlafi Hesham M
- Al-Omari Basem
- Al-Sabah Salman Khalifah
- Al-Tawfiq Jaffar A
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- Alahdab Fares
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- AlBataineh Mohammad T
- Alcalde-Rabanal Jacqueline Elizabeth
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- Alema Haileselasie Berhane
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- Alemi Sharifullah
- Alemu Yihun Mulugeta
- Alhabib Khalid F
- Alhalaiqa Fadwa Alhalaiqa Naji
- Ali Abid
- Ali Amjad
- Ali Liaqat
- Ali Mohammed Usman
- Ali Rafat
- Ali Shahid
- Ali Syed Shujait Shujait
- Alicandro Gianfranco
- Alif Sheikh Mohammad
- Alikhani Reyhaneh
- Alimohamadi Yousef
- Aliyi Ahmednur Adem
- Aljasir Mohammad A M
- Aljunid Syed Mohamed
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- Aruleba Raphael Taiwo
- Arumugam Ashokan
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- TADAKAMADLA JYOTHI
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- Teramoto Masayuki
- Tesler Riki
- Teye-Kwadjo Enoch
- Thakur Rishu
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- Tumurkhuu Munkhtuya
- Tung Kang
- Tyrovolas Stefanos
- Uddin Sayed Mohammad Nazim
- Udoakang Aniefiok John
- Udoh Arit
- Ullah Atta
- Ullah Irfan
- Ullah Saeed
- Ullah Sana
- Umakanthan Srikanth
- Umeokonkwo Chukwuma David
- Unim Brigid
- Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran
- Unsworth Carolyn Anne
- Upadhyay Era
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- Vasankari Tommi Juhani
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- Vellingiri Balachandar
- Venketasubramanian Narayanaswamy
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- Verma Madhur
- Veroux Massimiliano
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- Vervoort Dominique
- Villafañe Jorge Hugo
- Villanueva Gabriela Ines
- Vinayak Manish
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- Viskadourou Maria
- Vladimirov Sergey Konstantinovitch
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- Ward Paul
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- Watson Stefanie
- Watson Stephanie Louise Watson
- Weerakoon Kosala Gayan
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- Weintraub Robert G
- Weiss Daniel J
- Westerman Ronny
- Whisnant Joanna L
- Wiangkham Taweewat
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- Wickramasinghe Nuwan Darshana
- Wilandika Angga
- Wilkerson Caroline
- Willeit Peter
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- Wojewodzic Marcin W
- Woldegebreal Demewoz H
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- Wolfe Charles D A
- Wondimagegene Yohannes Addisu
- Wong Yen Jun
- Wongsin Utoomporn
- Wool Eve E
- Wu Ai-Min
- Wu Chenkai
- Wu Felicia
- Wu Xinsheng
- Wu Zenghong
- Xia Juan
- Xiao Hong
- Xie Yang
- Xu Suowen
- Xu Wang-Dong
- Xu Xiaoyue
- Xu Yvonne Yiru
- Yadollahpour Ali
- Yamagishi Kazumasa
- Yang Danting
- Yang Lin
- Yano Yuichiro
- Yao Yao
- Yaribeygi Habib
- Ye Pengpeng
- Yehualashet Sisay Shewasinad
- Yesiltepe Metin
- Yesuf Subah Abderehim
- Yezli Saber
- Yi Siyan
- Yigezu Amanuel
- Yip Paul
- Yismaw Malede Berihun
- Yismaw Yazachew
- Yiğit Arzu
- Yiğit Vahit
- Yon Dong Keon
- Yonemoto Naohiro
- Yoon Seok-Jun
- You Yuyi
- Younis Mustafa Z
- Yousefi Zabihollah
- Yu Chuanhua
- Yu Yong
- Yuh Faith H
- Zadey Siddhesh
- Zadnik Vesna
- Zafari Nima
- Zakham Fathiah
- Zaki Nazar
- Zaman Sojib Bin
- Zamora Nelson
- Zand Ramin
- Zangiabadian Moein
- Zar Heather J
- Zare Iman
- Zarrintan Armin
- Zeariya Mohammed G M
- Zeinali Zahra
- Zhang Haijun
- Zhang Jianrong
- Zhang Jingya
- Zhang Liqun
- Zhang Yunquan
- Zhang Zhi-Jiang
- Zhao Hanqing
- Zhong Chenwen
- Zhou Juexiao
- Zhu Bin
- Zhu Lei
- Ziafati Makan
- Zielińska Magdalena
- Zitoun Osama A
- Zoladl Mohammad
- Zou Zhiyong
- Zuhlke Liesl J
- Zumla Alimuddin
- Zweck Elric
- Zyoud Samer H
- Ärnlöv Johan
- Šekerija Mario
- Publication venue
- Elsevier
- Publication date
- 01/01/2024
- Field of study
BACKGROUND Regular, detailed reporting on population health by underlying cause of death is fundamental for public health decision making. Cause-specific estimates of mortality and the subsequent effects on life expectancy worldwide are valuable metrics to gauge progress in reducing mortality rates. These estimates are particularly important following large-scale mortality spikes, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. When systematically analysed, mortality rates and life expectancy allow comparisons of the consequences of causes of death globally and over time, providing a nuanced understanding of the effect of these causes on global populations. METHODS The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 cause-of-death analysis estimated mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) from 288 causes of death by age-sex-location-year in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations for each year from 1990 until 2021. The analysis used 56 604 data sources, including data from vital registration and verbal autopsy as well as surveys, censuses, surveillance systems, and cancer registries, among others. As with previous GBD rounds, cause-specific death rates for most causes were estimated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model-a modelling tool developed for GBD to assess the out-of-sample predictive validity of different statistical models and covariate permutations and combine those results to produce cause-specific mortality estimates-with alternative strategies adapted to model causes with insufficient data, substantial changes in reporting over the study period, or unusual epidemiology. YLLs were computed as the product of the number of deaths for each cause-age-sex-location-year and the standard life expectancy at each age. As part of the modelling process, uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated using the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles from a 1000-draw distribution for each metric. We decomposed life expectancy by cause of death, location, and year to show cause-specific effects on life expectancy from 1990 to 2021. We also used the coefficient of variation and the fraction of population affected by 90% of deaths to highlight concentrations of mortality. Findings are reported in counts and age-standardised rates. Methodological improvements for cause-of-death estimates in GBD 2021 include the expansion of under-5-years age group to include four new age groups, enhanced methods to account for stochastic variation of sparse data, and the inclusion of COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality-which includes excess mortality associated with the pandemic, excluding COVID-19, lower respiratory infections, measles, malaria, and pertussis. For this analysis, 199 new country-years of vital registration cause-of-death data, 5 country-years of surveillance data, 21 country-years of verbal autopsy data, and 94 country-years of other data types were added to those used in previous GBD rounds. FINDINGS The leading causes of age-standardised deaths globally were the same in 2019 as they were in 1990; in descending order, these were, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lower respiratory infections. In 2021, however, COVID-19 replaced stroke as the second-leading age-standardised cause of death, with 94·0 deaths (95% UI 89·2-100·0) per 100 000 population. The COVID-19 pandemic shifted the rankings of the leading five causes, lowering stroke to the third-leading and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to the fourth-leading position. In 2021, the highest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 occurred in sub-Saharan Africa (271·0 deaths [250·1-290·7] per 100 000 population) and Latin America and the Caribbean (195·4 deaths [182·1-211·4] per 100 000 population). The lowest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 were in the high-income super-region (48·1 deaths [47·4-48·8] per 100 000 population) and southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania (23·2 deaths [16·3-37·2] per 100 000 population). Globally, life expectancy steadily improved between 1990 and 2019 for 18 of the 22 investigated causes. Decomposition of global and regional life expectancy showed the positive effect that reductions in deaths from enteric infections, lower respiratory infections, stroke, and neonatal deaths, among others have contributed to improved survival over the study period. However, a net reduction of 1·6 years occurred in global life expectancy between 2019 and 2021, primarily due to increased death rates from COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality. Life expectancy was highly variable between super-regions over the study period, with southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania gaining 8·3 years (6·7-9·9) overall, while having the smallest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 (0·4 years). The largest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 occurred in Latin America and the Caribbean (3·6 years). Additionally, 53 of the 288 causes of death were highly concentrated in locations with less than 50% of the global population as of 2021, and these causes of death became progressively more concentrated since 1990, when only 44 causes showed this pattern. The concentration phenomenon is discussed heuristically with respect to enteric and lower respiratory infections, malaria, HIV/AIDS, neonatal disorders, tuberculosis, and measles. INTERPRETATION Long-standing gains in life expectancy and reductions in many of the leading causes of death have been disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, the adverse effects of which were spread unevenly among populations. Despite the pandemic, there has been continued progress in combatting several notable causes of death, leading to improved global life expectancy over the study period. Each of the seven GBD super-regions showed an overall improvement from 1990 and 2021, obscuring the negative effect in the years of the pandemic. Additionally, our findings regarding regional variation in causes of death driving increases in life expectancy hold clear policy utility. Analyses of shifting mortality trends reveal that several causes, once widespread globally, are now increasingly concentrated geographically. These changes in mortality concentration, alongside further investigation of changing risks, interventions, and relevant policy, present an important opportunity to deepen our understanding of mortality-reduction strategies. Examining patterns in mortality concentration might reveal areas where successful public health interventions have been implemented. Translating these successes to locations where certain causes of death remain entrenched can inform policies that work to improve life expectancy for people everywhere. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries
- Author
- Abad-Motos Ane
- Abbas Ahmed M.
- Abbas Mostafa
- Abbasi Mujeeb
- Abbott Tom
- Abd Karim Muhammad Fairuz Shah
- Abdalaal Ibrahim
- Abdel-Galil Khalid
- Abdelemam Rania
- Abdelgawad Abdalrahman
- Abdelkarim Maryam
- Abdelkhalek Mohamed
- Abdelmageed Abdelfatah
- Abdelmawgoud Sherif
- Abdelmohsen Sarah
- Abdelrahman Ahmed Saber
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- Abdur-Rahman Lukman
- Abdus-Salam Rukiyat
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- Mabood Waleed
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- Maguire Patrick J.
- Mahečić Tina Tomić
- Mahmood Fahad
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- Mallmann Christoph
- Mallmann Michael R.
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- Manangi Mallikarjuna
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- Manigrasso Michele
- Manjula S.
- Mannan Syed
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- Mayer Horacio F.
- Mayo-Yáñez Miguel
- Mazzarella Gennaro
- Mbodi Langanani
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- McLeish Bethan
- McPherson Duncan
- Meara John G.
- Meead Adullah
- Mehraj Asif
- Meilak Joseph
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- Meneghini Simona
- Mengesha Mengistu G.
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- Nacion Aeris Jane D.
- Nadi Khaldoun
- Naegele Felix
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- Nassar Mahmoud A.
- Nasser Sara
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- Newman Samuel
- Ngaserin Sabrina
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- Pettigrove K.L.
- Phillips Jonathan
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- Piozzi Guglielmo Niccolò
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- Poillucci Gaetano
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- Potamianos Spyridon
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- Williams Shekinah
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- Winnand Philipp
- Wittmann Maria
- Wolde Amanuel
- Wolfenden John W. D.
- Wong Benjamin Ngie Xiong
- Wong Enoch
- Wong Evan G.
- Wong George Kwok Chu
- Wong Ho Ying Flora
- Wong Kai Yuen
- Wormald Justin
- Wright Deborah
- Wright Joshua
- Wu Fiona
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- Yanowsky-Reyes Guillermo
- Yassin Abubaker
- Yates Elizabeth
- Yebes Alvaro
- Yenli Edwin Mwintiereh Ta-Ang
- Yeoh Tien
- Yeung Justin
- Yiallourou Anneza
- Yigit Banu
- Yildirim Asif
- Yim Guang
- Yiu Andrew
- Yonekura Hiroshi
- Yotsov Tsanko
- Younis Muhammad Umar
- Yunus Alif
- Yusefi Hossein
- Zabaleta Jon
- Zabkiewicz Catheriner
- Zaccaria Giulia
- Zacharia Bincy
- Zafar Syed Nabeel
- Zago Mauro
- Zaheen Zakia
- Zahid Zahra
- Zaimis Tilemachos
- Zakaria Andee Dzulkarnaen
- Zambon Martina
- Zamora Lindsey
- Zampogna Biagio
- Zancana Giuseppa
- Zani Augusto
- Zanin Luca
- Zanini Nicola
- Zapardiel Ignacio
- Zapata Carlos Shiraishi
- Zarif Pierre
- Zaránd Attila
- Zehnder Philipp
- Zenger Serkan
- Zenha Horácio
- Zhu Michael Z. L.
- Ziemann Sebastian
- Zimak Danijela Mrazovac
- Zimak Zoran
- Zivkovic Dragana
- Zizzo Maurizio
- Zucker Benjamin
- Zwain Yasir
- Zyskowski Michael
- Ávila Clara Castro
- Älgå Andreas
- Çakici Mehmet Çaǧlar
- Çelik Enes
- Çelik Meryem Nur
- Özçay Necdet
- Şevik Hüsnü
- Šantak Goran
- Šimko Kristián
- Žatecký Jan
- Publication venue
- 'Oxford University Press (OUP)'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2023
- Field of study
Abstract
Background
Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres.
Methods
This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries.
Results
In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia.
Conclusion
This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries
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