Centro terapéutico de día para el tratamiento de los pacientes con Alzheimer en el sector 24 de la ciudad de Chiclayo

La presente tesis realiza el análisis del diseño de una infraestructura para el tratamiento de las personas con Alzheimer, optando por un tratamiento no farmacológico pues el estudio del debido tratamiento para este tipo de usuario nos dice que la enfermedad no tiene cura, más se puede apoyar en terapias que puedan dar calidad de vida y sobrellevar la enfermedad. Por ende, el proyecto busca aportar al paciente con Alzheimer a través de una arquitectura definida por elementos tales como programa, estructura, una función adecuada para el tratamiento de su enfermedad y materiales que contribuyan a la mejora o desacelerar su enfermedad aportando calidad de vida. Por lo tanto, el estudio elaborado en esta tesis nos proyecta resultados a favor de la relación espacial del usuario y su entono, teniendo en cuenta siempre tres aspectos fundamentales como seguridad, accesibilidad y personalización del lugar para la reactivación de los sentidos en el usuario

Propuesta de Implementación de Técnicas de Inteligencia Artificial en el Proceso Enseñanza-Aprendizaje para Fortalecer las Competencias Profesionales en los Estudiantes de la Carrera de Ingeniería en Sistemas Computacionales del TecNM Campus Minatitlán

Para fortalecer las competencias profesionales de los estudiantes en el TecNM campus Minatitlán, el presente artículo propone implementar técnicas de inteligencia artificial, que ayuden durante el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje para adquirir habilidades que podrán desempeñar en su ámbito laboral, correspondiendo a su perfil de egreso como Ingenieros en Sistemas Computacionales, ante las exigencias de nuevas herramientas tecnológicas con tendencia al futuro

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Herramientas de aprendizaje para estudiantes de secundaria: Aplicación de la Genética a una situación real

Depto. de Genética, Fisiología y MicrobiologíaFac. de Ciencias BiológicasFALSEsubmitte

Safety and immunomodulatory effects of three probiotic strains isolated from the feces of breast-fed infants in healthy adults: SETOPROB study

We previously described the isolation and characterization of three probiotic strains from the feces of exclusively breast-fed newborn infants: Lactobacillus paracasei CNCM I-4034, Bifidobacterium breve CNCM I-4035 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus CNCM I-4036. These strains were shown to adhere to intestinal mucus in vitro, to be sensitive to antibiotics and to resist biliary salts and low pH. In the present study, a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with 100 healthy volunteers in three Spanish cities was carried out to evaluate the tolerance, safety, gut colonization and immunomodulatory effects of these three probiotics. Volunteers underwent a 15-day washout period, after which they were randomly divided into 5 groups that received daily a placebo, a capsule containing one of the 3 strains or a capsule containing a mixture of two strains for 30 days. The intervention was followed by another 15-day washout period. Patients did not consume fermented milk for the entire duration of the study. Gastrointestinal symptoms, defecation frequency and stool consistency were not altered by probiotic intake. No relevant changes in blood and serum, as well as no adverse events occurred during or after treatment. Probiotic administration slightly modified bacterial populations in the volunteers’ feces. Intestinal persistence occurred in volunteers who received L. rhamnosus CNCM I-4036. Administration of B. breve CNCM I-4035 resulted in a significant increase in fecal secretory IgA content. IL-4 and IL-10 increased, whereas IL-12 decreased in the serum of volunteers treated with any of the three strains. These results demonstrate that the consumption of these three bacterial strains was safe and exerted varying degrees of immunomodulatory effects.Part of the research currently in progress in the authors' laboratory is funded by the company Hero Spain, S. A. through the grant #3582 managed by the Fundacion General Empresa-Universidad de Granada

Prognostic implications of comorbidity patterns in critically ill COVID-19 patients: A multicenter, observational study

Background The clinical heterogeneity of COVID-19 suggests the existence of different phenotypes with prognostic implications. We aimed to analyze comorbidity patterns in critically ill COVID-19 patients and assess their impact on in-hospital outcomes, response to treatment and sequelae. Methods Multicenter prospective/retrospective observational study in intensive care units of 55 Spanish hospitals. 5866 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients had comorbidities recorded at hospital admission; clinical and biological parameters, in-hospital procedures and complications throughout the stay; and, clinical complications, persistent symptoms and sequelae at 3 and 6 months. Findings Latent class analysis identified 3 phenotypes using training and test subcohorts: low-morbidity (n=3385; 58%), younger and with few comorbidities; high-morbidity (n=2074; 35%), with high comorbid burden; and renal-morbidity (n=407; 7%), with chronic kidney disease (CKD), high comorbidity burden and the worst oxygenation profile. Renal-morbidity and high-morbidity had more in-hospital complications and higher mortality risk than low-morbidity (adjusted HR (95% CI): 1.57 (1.34-1.84) and 1.16 (1.05-1.28), respectively). Corticosteroids, but not tocilizumab, were associated with lower mortality risk (HR (95% CI) 0.76 (0.63-0.93)), especially in renal-morbidity and high-morbidity. Renal-morbidity and high-morbidity showed the worst lung function throughout the follow-up, with renal-morbidity having the highest risk of infectious complications (6%), emergency visits (29%) or hospital readmissions (14%) at 6 months (p<0.01). Interpretation Comorbidity-based phenotypes were identified and associated with different expression of in-hospital complications, mortality, treatment response, and sequelae, with CKD playing a major role. This could help clinicians in day-to-day decision making including the management of post-discharge COVID-19 sequelae. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd

Androgen receptor expresion in breast cancer: Relationship with clinicopathological characteristics of the tumors, prognosis, and expression of metalloproteases and their inhibitors

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In the present study we analyze, in patients with breast cancer, the tumor expression of androgen receptors (AR), its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics and with the expression of several matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) and their inhibitors (TIMPs), as well as with prognosis.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>An immunohistochemical study was performed using tissue microarrays and specific antibodies against AR, MMPs -1, -2, -7, -9, -11, -13, -14, and TIMPs -1, -2 and -3. More than 2,800 determinations on tumor specimens from 111 patients with primary invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast (52 with axillary lymph node metastases and 59 without them) and controls were performed. Staining results were categorized using a score based on the intensity of the staining and a specific software program calculated the percentage of immunostained cells automatically.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A total of 83 cases (74.8%) showed a positive immunostaining for AR, but with a wide variation in the staining score values. There were no significant associations between the total immunostaining scores for AR and any clinicopathological parameters. However, score values for MMP-1, -7 and -13, were significantly higher in AR-positive tumors than in AR-negative tumors. Likewise, when we considered the cellular type expressing each factor, we found that AR-positive tumors had a higher percentage of cases positive for MMP-1, -7, -11, and TIMP-2 in their malignant cells, as well as for MMP-1 in intratumoral fibroblasts. On the other hand, multivariate analysis demonstrated that patients with AR-positive tumors have a significant longer overall survival than those with AR-negative breast carcinomas (<it>p </it>= 0.03).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our results confirm that AR are commonly expressed in breast cancer, and are correlated with the expression of some MMPs and TIMP-2. Although we found a specific value of AR expression to be a prognostic indicator in breast cancer, the functional role of AR in these neoplasms is still unclear and further data are needed in order to clarify their biological signification in breast cancer.</p

Ecolaboratorios como escenarios pedagógicos para el fortalecimiento de la indagación científica : sistematización de la experiencia de la I.E.18084 “La Villa”, Bongará, Amazonas

En la actualidad, existen muchos cambios y transformaciones donde la ciencia y tecnología tienen mucha influencia; pues estas están directamente ligadas al aspecto económico y productivo de nuestra sociedad. Dado que es muy difícil comprender nuestra existencia sin los aportes de dichas disciplinas, es necesario que los habitantes de nuestra población tengan una formación relacionada con dichos temas que les posibilite entender el funcionamiento complejo del mundo actual e insertarse en la sociedad, en el sistema productivo y en el campo laboral para lograr mejores condiciones de vida. En este contexto, cobra mucha importancia la indagación científica, ya que nos permite realizar observaciones del mundo que nos rodea, plantearnos interrogantes, plantear hipótesis, buscar información a través de experimentos o análisis de textos y, finalmente, llegar a conclusiones. Esto ayuda a las personas a tomar mejores decisiones sobre la base a información corroborada. Además, con la indagación científica podemos abarcar problemáticas que corresponden a toda una sociedad, por ejemplo, el cambio climático, la delincuencia, la corrupción, etc. También, se puede abarcar problemáticas a nivel individual, por ejemplo, qué pasta dental utilizar o qué alimentos consumir, etc. En la Institución Educativa (I.E.) N° 18084 “La Villa”, se identificó que los estudiantes tenían dificultades para realizar adecuadamente el proceso de la indagación científica. Esto se debe que no se planificaba satisfactoriamente el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje y que no se estaba aprovechando los espacios que tiene la I.E. para lograr aprendizajes. El efecto de esta situación era el limitado desarrollo del pensamiento crítico, del razonamiento y de la creatividad de los estudiantes, lo que provocaba que los estudiantes tomen decisiones sin información pertinente. Por ello, la I.E. implementó el proyecto “Ecolaboratorios como escenarios pedagógicos para el fortalecimiento de la indagación científica” como estrategia para recuperar las áreas verdes de la institución y utilizarlas como escenarios para lograr aprendizajes en las diferentes áreas tales como Ciencia y Tecnología, Matemática, Comunicación, Personal Social, etc. Esto permitió la planificación e implementación de diversos proyectos educativos, la ejecución de sesiones contextualizadas y la participación de los padres y madres de familia de todos los niveles de la I.E en la educación de sus hijos. Al finalizar el proyecto, se decidió realizar la sistematización de su implementación con el objetivo de difundir masivamente el uso de ecolaboratorios como escenario pedagógico para el fortalecimiento de la indagación científica y la mejora del aprendizaje de los estudiantes de las Instituciones Educativas (II.EE.) de la provincia de Bongará. Asimismo, se busca fomentar la reflexión docente acerca de su práctica pedagógica y realizar los cambios necesarios para brindar una educación de calidad