Uso del hábitat por áfidos y sus parasitoides en la interfase cultivo-vegetación silvestre en una granja orgánica

Plant-aphid-parasitoid interactions and parasitism rates were assessed in adjacent cultivated and noncultivated habitats in an organic vegetable farm in a chaco serrano woodland, Córdoba, Argentina. Seven aphid species on eight vegetable species were found in the cultivated habitat. Macrosiphum euphorbiae was present on all vegetable species. Four parasitoid species were recorded, of which Diaretiella rapae was the most common. It provided 21.32% of parasitism on Brevicoryne brassicae. In the non-cultivated habitat, 36 plant species hosted 22 aphid species and five parasitoid species. The aphid Myzus persicae was present on 17 plant species of eight different families. Macrosiphoniella artemisiae was the most abundant aphid species, with the associated Aphidius sp. being the most abundant parasitoid. Aphidius polygonaphis provided 10% of parasitism on Uroleucon aeneus. We report several wild plant species as important reservoirs of parasitoids, which are potential controllers of many pest aphid species.Se estudiaron las interacciones planta-áfido-parasitoide y las tasas de parasitismo en ambientes cultivados y no cultivados adyacentes, en una granja orgánica de hortalizas en el chaco serrano de Córdoba, Argentina. Siete especies de áfidos fueron encontradas en las ocho especies de hortalizas estudiadas en el ambiente cultivado. Macrosiphum euphorbiae estuvo presente en todas las hortalizas. Se registraron cuatro especies de parasitoides, siendo Diaretiella rapae la más frecuente. Produjo 21,32% de parasitismo en Brevicoryne brassicae. En el ambiente no cultivado 36 especies de plantas hospedaron 22 especies de áfidos y cinco especies de parasitoides. El áfido Myzus persicae estuvo presente en 17 especies de plantas de ocho familias diferentes. Macrosiphoniella artemisiae fue el áfido más abundante, al igual que su parasitoide Aphidius sp. Aphidius polygonaphis produjo 10% de parasitismo en Uroleucon aeneus. Reportamos numerosas especies de plantas silvestres como importantes reservorios de parasitoides, los cuales son potenciales controladores de muchas especies de áfidos plaga.Fil: Jaureguiberry, Pedro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (p); Argentina; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Buffa, Liliana M.. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Delfino, Miguel Angel. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Hormigas melívoras (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) en tres fuentes de alimento líquido

Extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) and hemipteran honeydew are liquid food rewards (FRs) that encourage ant visitation in many plant families in a wide variety of habitats. In this study we explored the diversity, distribution and interactions of exudate-gathering ants at three different liquid food rewards: nectar from EFNs on Croton sarcopetalus and honeydew from the aphids Aphis spiraecola and Dysaphis foeniculus on Eupatorium hookerianum (Asteraceae) and Foeniculum vulgare (Apiaceae) respectively. For each FR we measured ant diversity and performed quantitative and qualitative comparisons among ants associated with the FRs. In addition, a linear regression was performed to test for possible associations between aphid and ant abundances in the case of honeydew FRs. Eight out of the 23 ant species found fed on both nectar from EFNs and honeydew from aphids, four of which fed at all FRs. Two ant species visited both aphid species and 13 were found exclusively at either one of the FRs. Brachymyrmex brevicornis was the most abundant ant species and Pheidole sp.2 had the greatest occurrence. Both ant species diversity and richness were higher at EFNs of C. sarcopetalus. Regressions showed positive significant association between ants and aphids abundances both on E. hookerianum and F. vulgare. We can conclude that the three liquid food rewards compared here showed modest similarity in their ant fauna. Furthermore, there was selectiveness of ants towards EFNs of C. sarcopetalus, which might be due to food source attributes rather than co-evolutionary factors.Los nectarios extraflorales (NEFs) y el melado excretado por hemípteros son fuentes de alimento (FsA) que favorecen la participación de hormigas en las interacciones mutualistas que establecen con las plantas y/o hemípteros. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar, en una zona serrana del centro de la provincia de Córdoba, Argentina, la diversidad, distribución e interacción de hormigas melívoras en tres FsA diferentes: néctar de NEFs de Croton sarcopetalus (Euphorbiaceae) y melado de Aphis spiraecola y Dysaphis foeniculus en Eupatorium hookerianum (Asteraceae) y en Foeniculum vulgare (Apiaceae), respectivamente. En cada FA se contabilizaron e identificaron los áfidos y hormigasmelívoras presentes. Se obtuvo la riqueza y abundancia de hormigas y se calcularon los índices de diversidad de Shannon-Wiener y Sorenson (cualitativo y cuantitativo) para comparar las comunidades de hormigas en las diferentes FsA. Por último se realizó una regresión lineal entre la abundancia de áfidos y la abundancia de hormigas melívoras en las dos últimas FsA mencionadas, para determinar si las variables estaban asociadas. De las 23 especies de hormigas registradas, ocho (34.8%) se alimentaron tanto en NEFs como en las colonias de áfidos, de las cuales 4 spp. (17.4%) fueron encontradas simultáneamente en las tres fuentes. Además, dos especies de hormigas visitaron ambas especies de áfidos y 13 especies visitaron exclusivamente alguna de las FsA. Brachymyrmex brevicornis fue la especie más abundante, mientras que Pheidole sp.2 registró la mayor ocurrencia. Tanto la diversidad como la riqueza de especies de hormigas fue mayor en NEFs de C. sarcopetalus. Se encontró una relación positiva significativa entre la abundancia de áfidos y la abundancia de hormigas melívoras tanto sobre E. hookerianum como sobre F. vulgare. Podemos concluir que las tres FA estudiadas mostraron una similitud modesta en su fauna de hormigas. Además se observó selectividad por parte de las hormigas hacia los NEFs de C. sarcopetalus, que podría deberse a las características de la fuente de alimento más que a factores co-evolutivos

Laser ablated carbon nanodots for light emission

The synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots-like nanostructures (CNDs) obtained through the laser ablation of a carbon solid target in liquid environment is reported. The ablation process was induced in acetone with laser pulses of 1064, 532, and 355 nm under different irradiation times. Close-spherical amorphous CNDs with sizes between 5 and 20 nm, whose abundance strongly depends on the ablation parameters were investigated using electron microscopy and was confirmed using absorption and emission spectroscopies. The π- π* electronic transition at 3. 76 eV dominates the absorption for all the CNDs species synthesized under different irradiation conditions. The light emission is most efficient due to excitation at 3.54 eV with the photoluminescence intensity centered at 3. 23 eV. The light emission from the CNDs is most efficient due to ablation at 355 nm. The emission wavelength of the CNDs can be tuned from the near-UV to the green wavelength region by controlling the ablation time and modifying the ablation and excitation laser wavelength

Two south American new species of Neophyllaphis subgenus chileaphis (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Two South American new species of Neophyllaphis Takahashi (Aphididae Neuquenaphidinae) are described, Neophyllaphis cuschensis Nieto Nafría & Delfino sp. nov. collected on Podocarpus glomeratus D. Don in Cusco (Peru) and Neophyllaphis iuiuyensis Mier Durante & Ortego sp. nov. collected on Podocarpus parlatorei Pilg. in San Salvador de Jujuy (Argentina). The apterous and alate viviparous females of N. cuschensis and the apterous and alate viviparous females, as well as the oviparous females and males of N. iuiuyensis are described. The differences between the nominotypical subgenus and Chileaphis and also the differences among the 4 species of subgenus Chileaphis, viz. the 2 new species and those already known and found in Chile, N. michelbacheri Essig and N. podocarpini Carrillo are outlined.Se describen dos nuevas especies del género Neophyllaphis Takahashi (Aphididae, Neophyllaphidinae) propias de la fauna de América del Sur, Neophyllaphis cuschensis Nieto Nafría & Delfino sp. nov. recogida sobre Podocarpus glomeratus D. Don en Cusco (Perú) y Neophyllaphis iuiuyensis Mier Durante & Ortego sp. nov. recogida sobre Podocarpus parlatorei Pilg. en San Salvador de Jujuy (Argentina). Se describen las hembras vivíparas ápteras y aladas de N. cuschensis , las hembras vivíparas ápteras y aladas y además las hembras ovíparas y los machos de N. iuiuyensis . Se exponen las diferencias entre el subgénero nominotípico y Chileaphis Essig y también las diferencias entre las cuatro especies del subgénero Chileaphis , las dos nuevas así como las ya conocidas y propias de Chile, N. michelbacheri Essig y N. podocarpini Carrillo.EEA JunínFil: Mier Durante, Milagros Pilar. Universidad de León. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental; EspañaFil: Nieto Nafría, Juan Manuel. Universidad de León. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental; EspañaFil: Delfino, Miguel Angel. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Cátedra de Entomología; ArgentinaFil: Ortego, Jaime. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Junín; ArgentinaFil: Quednau, Franz Wolfgang. Forestry Canada. Laurentian Forestry Centre; Canad

Coupled resonator acoustic waveguides-based acoustic interferometers designed within two-dimensional phononic crystals: experiment and theory

The acoustic response of defect-based acoustic interferometer-like designs, known as Coupled Resonator Acoustic Waveguides (CRAWs), in two-dimensional phononic crystals (PnCs) is reported. The PnC is composed of steel cylinders arranged in a square lattice within a water matrix with defects induced by selectively removing cylinders to create Mach-Zehnder-like (MZ) defect-based interferometers. Two defect-based acoustic interferometers of MZ-type are fabricated, one with arms oriented horizontally and another one with arms oriented diagonally, and their transmission features are experimentally characterized using ultrasonic spectroscopy. The experimental data are compared with finite element method (FEM) simulations and with tight-binding (TB) calculations in which each defect is treated as a resonator coupled to its neighboring ones. Significantly, the results exhibit excellent agreement indicating the reliability of the proposed approach. This comprehensive match is of paramount importance for accurately predicting and optimizing resonant modes supported by defect arrays, thus enabling the tailoring of phononic structures and defect-based waveguides to meet specific requirements. This successful implementation of FEM and TB calculations in investigating CRAWs systems within phononic crystals paves the way for designing advanced acoustic devices with desired functionalities for various practical applications, demonstrating the application of solid-state electronics principles to underwater acoustic devices description

Genome-Wiide estimates of coancestry, in breeding and effective population size in the Spanish Holstein population

Estimates of effective population size in the Holstein cattle breed have usually been low despite the large number of animals that constitute this breed. Effective population size is inversely related to the rates at which coancestry and inbreeding increase and these rates have been high as a consequence of intense and accurate selection. Traditionally, coancestry and inbreeding coefficients have been calculated from pedigree data. However, the development of genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms has increased the interest of calculating these coefficients from molecular data in order to improve their accuracy. In this study, genomic estimates of coancestry, inbreeding and effective population size were obtained in the Spanish Holstein population and then compared with pedigree-based estimates. A total of 11,135 animals genotyped with the Illumina BovineSNP50 BeadChip were available for the study. After applying filtering criteria, the final genomic dataset included 36,693 autosomal SNPs and 10,569 animals. Pedigree data from those genotyped animals included 31,203 animals. These individuals represented only the last five generations in order to homogenise the amount of pedigree information across animals. Genomic estimates of coancestry and inbreeding were obtained from identity by descent segments (coancestry) or runs of homozygosity (inbreeding). The results indicate that the percentage of variance of pedigree-based coancestry estimates explained by genomic coancestry estimates was higher than that for inbreeding. Estimates of effective population size obtained from genome-wide and pedigree information were consistent and ranged from about 66 to 79. These low values emphasize the need of controlling the rate of increase of coancestry and inbreeding in Holstein selection programmes

Fundamental aspects of the examination belonging to the Program of Early Detection of Oral Cancer

El cáncer bucal produce una gran inquietud a causa del riesgo de producir incapacidad a los pacientes y, eventualmente, la muerte, como lo son los más de 500 000 casos nuevos diagnosticados en el mundo. En Cuba, el cáncer bucal se ha encontrado entre las diez primeras causas de incidencia de cáncer en los hombres durante años. La provincia Guantánamo mostró en el período comprendido entre los años 2007 al 2011 un total de 44 pacientes con cáncer bucal. Es por ello que se realiza una actualización bibliográfica sobre el examen del Programa de Detección Precoz de Cáncer Bucal con el objetivo de favorecer el aprendizaje al aumentar la preparación sobre el tema. El estomatólogo, cirujano dentista u odontólogo, debe ser el protagonista en la educación, prevención y diagnóstico de las condiciones preneoplásicas y lesiones neoplásicas del complejo bucal en las poblaciones o en individuos dependientes de su acción de salud. Oral cancer causes great concern because of the risk of causing patient incapacity and, eventually, death, are the more than 500,000 new cases diagnosed in the world. In Cuba, oral cancer has been among the top ten causes of cancer incidence in men for years. The Guantanamo province showed a total of 44 patients with oral cancer from 2007 to 2011. This is why a bibliographical update on the examination of the Early Detection of Oral Cancer Program is carried out with the aim of promoting learning by increasing the preparation on the subject. The stomatologist, dentist or dental surgeon, must be the protagonist in the education, prevention and diagnosis of preneoplastic conditions and neoplastic lesions of the oral complex in the populations or in individuals dependent on their health action

Circulating microRNAs in sera correlate with soluble biomarkers of immune activation but do not predict mortality in ART treated individuals with HIV-1 infection: A case control study

Introduction: The use of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) has dramatically reduced HIV-1 associated morbidity and mortality. However, HIV-1 infected individuals have increased rates of morbidity and mortality compared to the non-HIV-1 infected population and this appears to be related to end-organ diseases collectively referred to as Serious Non-AIDS Events (SNAEs). Circulating miRNAs are reported as promising biomarkers for a number of human disease conditions including those that constitute SNAEs. Our study sought to investigate the potential of selected miRNAs in predicting mortality in HIV-1 infected ART treated individuals. Materials and Methods: A set of miRNAs was chosen based on published associations with human disease conditions that constitute SNAEs. This case: control study compared 126 cases (individuals who died whilst on therapy), and 247 matched controls (individuals who remained alive). Cases and controls were ART treated participants of two pivotal HIV-1 trials. The relative abundance of each miRNA in serum was measured, by RTqPCR. Associations with mortality (all-cause, cardiovascular and malignancy) were assessed by logistic regression analysis. Correlations between miRNAs and CD4+ T cell count, hs-CRP, IL-6 and D-dimer were also assessed. Results: None of the selected miRNAs was associated with all-cause, cardiovascular or malignancy mortality. The levels of three miRNAs (miRs -21, -122 and -200a) correlated with IL-6 while miR-21 also correlated with D-dimer. Additionally, the abundance of miRs -31, -150 and -223, correlated with baseline CD4+ T cell count while the same three miRNAs plus miR- 145 correlated with nadir CD4+ T cell count. Discussion: No associations with mortality were found with any circulating miRNA studied. These results cast doubt onto the effectiveness of circulating miRNA as early predictors of mortality or the major underlying diseases that contribute to mortality in participants treated for HIV-1 infection

Proyecto, investigación e innovación en urbanismo, arquitectura y diseño industrial

Actas de congresoLas VII Jornadas de Investigación “Encuentro y Reflexión” y I Jornadas de Investigación de becarios y doctorandos. Proyecto, investigación e innovación en Urbanismo, Arquitectura y Diseño Industrial se centraron en cuatro ejes: el proyecto; la dimensión tecnológica y la gestión; la dimensión social y cultural y la enseñanza en Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño Industrial, sustentados en las líneas prioritarias de investigación definidas epistemológicamente en el Consejo Asesor de Ciencia y Tecnología de esta Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Con el objetivo de afianzar continuidad, formación y transferencia de métodos, metodología y recursos se incorporó becarios y doctorandos de los Institutos de investigación. La Comisión Honoraria la integraron las tres Secretarias de Investigación de la Facultad, arquitectas Marta Polo, quien fundó y María del Carmen Franchello y Nora Gutiérrez Crespo quienes continuaron la tradición de la buena práctica del debate en la cotidianeidad de la propia Facultad. Los textos que conforman las VII Jornadas son los avances y resultados de las investigaciones realizadas en el bienio 2016-2018.Fil: Novello, María Alejandra. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño; ArgentinaFil: Repiso, Luciana. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño; ArgentinaFil: Mir, Guillermo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño; ArgentinaFil: Brizuela, Natalia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño; ArgentinaFil: Herrera, Fernanda. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño; ArgentinaFil: Períes, Lucas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño; ArgentinaFil: Romo, Claudia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño; ArgentinaFil: Gordillo, Natalia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño; ArgentinaFil: Andrade, Elena Beatriz. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño; Argentin

Development and Validation of a Risk Score for Chronic Kidney Disease in HIV Infection Using Prospective Cohort Data from the D:A:D Study

Ristola M. on työryhmien DAD Study Grp ; Royal Free Hosp Clin Cohort ; INSIGHT Study Grp ; SMART Study Grp ; ESPRIT Study Grp jäsen.Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health issue for HIV-positive individuals, associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Development and implementation of a risk score model for CKD would allow comparison of the risks and benefits of adding potentially nephrotoxic antiretrovirals to a treatment regimen and would identify those at greatest risk of CKD. The aims of this study were to develop a simple, externally validated, and widely applicable long-term risk score model for CKD in HIV-positive individuals that can guide decision making in clinical practice. Methods and Findings A total of 17,954 HIV-positive individuals from the Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs (D:A:D) study with >= 3 estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) values after 1 January 2004 were included. Baseline was defined as the first eGFR > 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 after 1 January 2004; individuals with exposure to tenofovir, atazanavir, atazanavir/ritonavir, lopinavir/ritonavir, other boosted protease inhibitors before baseline were excluded. CKD was defined as confirmed (>3 mo apart) eGFR In the D:A:D study, 641 individuals developed CKD during 103,185 person-years of follow-up (PYFU; incidence 6.2/1,000 PYFU, 95% CI 5.7-6.7; median follow-up 6.1 y, range 0.3-9.1 y). Older age, intravenous drug use, hepatitis C coinfection, lower baseline eGFR, female gender, lower CD4 count nadir, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) predicted CKD. The adjusted incidence rate ratios of these nine categorical variables were scaled and summed to create the risk score. The median risk score at baseline was -2 (interquartile range -4 to 2). There was a 1: 393 chance of developing CKD in the next 5 y in the low risk group (risk score = 5, 505 events), respectively. Number needed to harm (NNTH) at 5 y when starting unboosted atazanavir or lopinavir/ritonavir among those with a low risk score was 1,702 (95% CI 1,166-3,367); NNTH was 202 (95% CI 159-278) and 21 (95% CI 19-23), respectively, for those with a medium and high risk score. NNTH was 739 (95% CI 506-1462), 88 (95% CI 69-121), and 9 (95% CI 8-10) for those with a low, medium, and high risk score, respectively, starting tenofovir, atazanavir/ritonavir, or another boosted protease inhibitor. The Royal Free Hospital Clinic Cohort included 2,548 individuals, of whom 94 individuals developed CKD (3.7%) during 18,376 PYFU (median follow-up 7.4 y, range 0.3-12.7 y). Of 2,013 individuals included from the SMART/ESPRIT control arms, 32 individuals developed CKD (1.6%) during 8,452 PYFU (median follow-up 4.1 y, range 0.6-8.1 y). External validation showed that the risk score predicted well in these cohorts. Limitations of this study included limited data on race and no information on proteinuria. Conclusions Both traditional and HIV-related risk factors were predictive of CKD. These factors were used to develop a risk score for CKD in HIV infection, externally validated, that has direct clinical relevance for patients and clinicians to weigh the benefits of certain antiretrovirals against the risk of CKD and to identify those at greatest risk of CKD.Peer reviewe