The oxidation states in organic compounds

Presented is a method of assessment of the oxidation states of atoms in organic compounds. The method is a simple extension of the  Pauling´s electronegativity concept and is applied in various types of reactions including the biochemical processes of vital importance like neutralization of free radicals, β-oxidation or functioning of the nucleotide reductases

Optimisation of a nano-positioning stage for a Transverse Dynamic Force Microscope

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Elsevier via the DOI in this record.This paper describes the optimisation of a nano-positioning stage for a Transverse Dynamic Force Microscope (TDFM). The nano-precision stage is required to move a specimen dish within a horizontal region of 1 μm × 1 μm and with a resolution of 0.3 nm. The design objective was to maximise positional accuracy during high speed actuation. This was achieved by minimising out-of-plane distortions and vibrations during actuation. Optimal performance was achieved through maximising out-of-plane stiffness through shape and material selection as well optimisation of the anchoring system. Several shape parameters were optimised including the shape of flexural beams and the shape of the dish holder. Physical prototype testing was an essential part of the design process to confirm the accuracy of modelling and also to reveal issues with manufacturing tolerances. An overall resonant frequency of 6 kHz was achieved allowing for a closed loop-control frequency of 1.73 kHz for precise horizontal motion control. This resonance represented a 12-fold increase from the original 500 Hz of a commercially available positioning stage. Experimental maximum out-of-plane distortions below the first resonance frequency were reduced from 0.3 μm for the first prototype to less than 0.05 μm for the final practical prototype

Ruthenium(II)-arene complexes with monodentate aminopyridine ligands: insights into redox stability, electronic structures and biological activity

Sherpa Romeo green journal. Permission to archive accepted author manuscript.The synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of four ruthenium(II) arene complexes with monodentate pyridine derivatives ([( 6–p-cymene)RuCl2L]: L = 2-aminopyridine, 2-methylaminopyridine, 2-benzylaminopyridine, and pyridine) are reported. Full characterization was undertaken using 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, vibrational and electronic spectroscopies and crystallography (2-methylaminopyridine derivative). UB3LYP//(6-31+G(d),SPK-DZCD) density functional theory calculations determined the molecular and electronic structures. Cyclic voltammetry determined a large electrochemical stability window (>2.2 V) extending well beyond the physiological E°. Interactions with CT-DNA and BSA, and activity against four cell lines (HeLa, B16F10, HEp-2 and Vero) were evaluated. The 2-methylaminopyridine shows weak cytotoxicity (IC50 = 346 molL-1) towards HeLa cells. All the complexes interact with DNA at relatively high concentrations as determined by UV-vis spectroscopic titration. Results of circular dichroism spectroscopy, ethidium bromide competition, fluorescence spectroscopy and DNA viscosity measurements identify electrostatic interactions between partly hydrolyzed cationic complexes and the phosphate backbone of DNA as the most likely interaction mode. Slower rates of hydrolysis may be the origin of lower cytotoxicity for 1 these complexesYe

Measurement of the cross-section for b-jets produced in association with a Z boson at root s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector ATLAS Collaboration

A measurement is presented of the inclusive cross-section for b-jet production in association with a Z boson in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of root s = 7 TeV. The analysis uses the data sample collected by the ATLAS experiment in 2010, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of approximately 36 pb(-1). The event selection requires a Z boson decaying into high P-T electrons or muons, and at least one b-jet, identified by its displaced vertex, with transverse momentum p(T) > 25 GeV and rapidity vertical bar y vertical bar < 2.1. After subtraction of background processes, the yield is extracted from the vertex mass distribution of the candidate b-jets. The ratio of this cross-section to the inclusive Z cross-section (the average number of b-jets per Z event) is also measured. Both results are found to be in good agreement with perturbative QCD predictions at next-to-leading order

Dialogic Self In Children's Drawing [o Self Dialógico No Desenho Infantil]

In this study we address the emergence of dialogical self in order to explain the process of children's development in activity of making drawings. Here, we present an analysis, based on assumptions of Vygotsky, Bakhtin and Hermans for processes emerging when children drew and talked about them. The method was cases study from analysis of interactions recorded in video. This analysis was presented as a narrative construction of the researcher where we highlighted, as result, two aspects relating to the uses of language that support the emergence of the dialogical self in the children's drawings: the regulation between speech and action and the reach of sense to the action and speech in the experience of otherness.262346356Bakhtin, M., (1981) Problemas da poética de Dostoiévski, , Rio de Janeiro, RJ: Forense UniversitáriaBakhtin, M., Volochinov, V.N., (2009) Marxismo e filosofia da linguagem (13. ed.), , São Paulo, SP: HucitecBrait, B., Bakhtin e a natureza constitutivamente dialógica da linguagem (2005) In B. Brait (Ed.), Bakhtin: Dialogismo e construção de sentido, pp. 87-98. , Campinas, SP: Editora da Universidade Estadual de CampinasBruner, J., The narrative construction of reality (1991) Critical Inquiry, 18, pp. 1-21Colaço, V.F.R., Processos Interacionais e a construção de conhecimento e subjetividade de crianças (2004) Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 17, pp. 333-340Flick, U., (2007) Uma introdução á pesquisa qualitativa (2. ed.), , Rio de Janeiro, RJ: LamparinaGreig, P., (2007) A criança e seu desenho: O nascimento da arte e da escrita, , Porto Alegre, RS: ArtmedHermans, H.J.M., Voicing the self: From information processing to dialogical interchange (1996) Psychological Bulletin, 19, pp. 31-50Hermans, H.J.M., The dialogical self: Toward a theory of personal and cultural positioning (2001) Culture&Psychology, 7, pp. 243-281Marková, I., (2006) Dialogicidade e representações sociais: As dinâmicas da mente, , Petrópolis, RJ: VozesSacks, H., Schegloff, E.A., Jefferson, G., A simplest systematic for the organization of turn-taking for conversation (1974) Language in Society, 50, pp. 696-735Silva, S.M.C., Condições sociais da constituição do desenho infantil (1998) Psicologia USP, 9, pp. 4-16Vigotski, L.S., (2001) A construção do pensamento e da linguagem, , São Paulo, SP: Martins FontesVigostki, L.S., (2005) A formação social da mente (7. ed.), , São Paulo, SP: Martins FontesVigotski, L.S., Luria, A.R., Leontiev, A.N., (1998) Linguagem, desenvolvimento e aprendizagem, , São Paulo, SP: Ícon

Role of Nanotechnology in Diagnosing, Safeguarding, and Treating COVID-19 : Role of Nanotechnology in Diagnosing, Safeguarding, and Treating COVID-19

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is arguably the worst health crisis the world has faced in the 21st century, and the World Health Organization declared this a “public health emergency of international concern” during the beginning of the pandemic and continued for a significant period of time.&nbsp; Considering the public health risk and the delay in introducing&nbsp; a suitable medical intervention to eradicate this virus, many reserachers embarked on different technologies to develop a cure. Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising weapon in the fight against COVID-19 and other similar viral diseases. The unique qualities of nanomaterials make them excellent for a variety of applications, including the development of low-cost, real-time diagnostic systems, reusable personal protective equipment, and innovative carriers for biological cargo such as mRNA in vaccines and CRISPR/Cas9 in gene editing. In this review the current available pharmacological and non-pharmacological options that are being used around the world against COVID-19 are compared with their nanotechnological counterparts. Here, we also elaborate the advantages of currently available nanotechnology-based diagnostics, protective equipment, vaccines and therapeutics and discuss future directions and steps that should be taken to translate these technologies into a clinical setting to combat the COVID-19 pandemic

The Inlet Engine Valves Grinding Using Different Types of Cutting Fluids and Grinding Wheels

In this paper an experimental research is presented in which different types of cutting fluids (a cutting oil and three different types of soluble oils) and grinding wheels (alumina and vitrified CBN) were tested in the inlet engine valves grinding. As evaluation parameters the workpiece residual stress and the grinding wheel wear were analyzed. The cutting fluid and the grinding wheel types adopted resulted in changes in all the parameters, due to the different lubricant abilities among the fluids and due to the differences in the mechanical and thermal properties among the abrasives tested. For grinding this steel, the CBN wheel is the best choice, mainly due to compressive residual stress results obtained for all cutting fluids tested. The cutting oil is the most adequate cutting fluid to be used, due to its higher lubricity and ability in keeping the wheel sharp for longer periods of time, reducing the overall grinding energy and the thermal damage

Lactose-hydrolyzed milk powder: Physicochemical and technofunctional characterization

The objective of this work is to demonstrate the effect of operational drying parameters on thephysicochemical and techno-functional properties of lactose-hydrolyzed milk powder (LHMP).LHMP showed water content superior to the control regardless of drying conditions, which is adirect result of the difficulties encountered in drying the product. For a lab-scale spray dryer,the LHMP produced at θair,in ¼ 145°C and mCM ¼ 1.0 kg · h−1 was the only sample that met allstipulated quality parameters: water content 93,particle sizes similar to control, and complete rehydration