Primer Congreso Salesiano de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad. Memoria Académica

La primera edición del Congreso Salesiano de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad (CITIS), realizado del 5 al 6 de noviembre de 2014 y organizado por la Universidad Salesiana (Sede Guayaquil), ofreció a los docentes investigadores y a la comunidad universitaria un espacio idóneo para la difusión e intercambio de sus avances y resultados de investigación. En efecto, de forma permanente, la comunidad investigativa universitaria (docentes investigadores y estudiantes) produce estudios de carácter teórico y/o técnico así como innovación tecnológica, desplegando actividades de vinculación con la comunidad con un alto componente investigativo. De esa manera, genera experiencias genuinas de difusión de sus aportes a la ciencia, la tecnología y la innovación. El congreso contó con dos actividades previas: el “Curso de Producción Científica” y el “Primer Concurso Salesiano de Producción Científica”. Luego de un riguroso proceso de revisión, se seleccionaron los mejores trabajos para ser difundidos en el Congreso en el formato de ponencias o posters. De este modo, las Memorias Académicas que se presentan en este libro son una muestra significativa de los intereses, motivaciones y experticias de los docentes investigadores así como de las problemáticas a las que se dedican sus esfuerzos investigativos. Teniendo como trasfondo la preocupación por la dimensión humana y social de los fenómenos abordados, el lector encontrará una serie de interesantes estudios reunidos bajo las siguientes líneas temáticas: compromiso y cambio social, profesión y sociedad, crecimiento económico y social, gestión y calidad, organización, responsabilidad y sociedad; y, finalmente, tecnología y sociedad

Genetic regulation of pituitary gland development in human and mouse

Normal hypothalamopituitary development is closely related to that of the forebrain and is dependent upon a complex genetic cascade of transcription factors and signaling molecules that may be either intrinsic or extrinsic to the developing Rathke’s pouch. These factors dictate organ commitment, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation within the anterior pituitary. Abnormalities in these processes are associated with congenital hypopituitarism, a spectrum of disorders that includes syndromic disorders such as septo-optic dysplasia, combined pituitary hormone deficiencies, and isolated hormone deficiencies, of which the commonest is GH deficiency. The highly variable clinical phenotypes can now in part be explained due to research performed over the last 20 yr, based mainly on naturally occurring and transgenic animal models. Mutations in genes encoding both signaling molecules and transcription factors have been implicated in the etiology of hypopituitarism, with or without other syndromic features, in mice and humans. To date, mutations in known genes account for a small proportion of cases of hypopituitarism in humans. However, these mutations have led to a greater understanding of the genetic interactions that lead to normal pituitary development. This review attempts to describe the complexity of pituitary development in the rodent, with particular emphasis on those factors that, when mutated, are associated with hypopituitarism in humans

Infected pancreatic necrosis: outcomes and clinical predictors of mortality. A post hoc analysis of the MANCTRA-1 international study

: The identification of high-risk patients in the early stages of infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is critical, because it could help the clinicians to adopt more effective management strategies. We conducted a post hoc analysis of the MANCTRA-1 international study to assess the association between clinical risk factors and mortality among adult patients with IPN. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify prognostic factors of mortality. We identified 247 consecutive patients with IPN hospitalised between January 2019 and December 2020. History of uncontrolled arterial hypertension (p = 0.032; 95% CI 1.135-15.882; aOR 4.245), qSOFA (p = 0.005; 95% CI 1.359-5.879; aOR 2.828), renal failure (p = 0.022; 95% CI 1.138-5.442; aOR 2.489), and haemodynamic failure (p = 0.018; 95% CI 1.184-5.978; aOR 2.661), were identified as independent predictors of mortality in IPN patients. Cholangitis (p = 0.003; 95% CI 1.598-9.930; aOR 3.983), abdominal compartment syndrome (p = 0.032; 95% CI 1.090-6.967; aOR 2.735), and gastrointestinal/intra-abdominal bleeding (p = 0.009; 95% CI 1.286-5.712; aOR 2.710) were independently associated with the risk of mortality. Upfront open surgical necrosectomy was strongly associated with the risk of mortality (p < 0.001; 95% CI 1.912-7.442; aOR 3.772), whereas endoscopic drainage of pancreatic necrosis (p = 0.018; 95% CI 0.138-0.834; aOR 0.339) and enteral nutrition (p = 0.003; 95% CI 0.143-0.716; aOR 0.320) were found as protective factors. Organ failure, acute cholangitis, and upfront open surgical necrosectomy were the most significant predictors of mortality. Our study confirmed that, even in a subgroup of particularly ill patients such as those with IPN, upfront open surgery should be avoided as much as possible. Study protocol registered in ClinicalTrials.Gov (I.D. Number NCT04747990)

Measurement of prompt D+ and Ds+ production in pPb collisions at √sNN = 5. 02 TeV

The production of prompt D+ and D+s mesons is studied in proton-lead collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of √sNN = 5.02 TeV. The data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of (1.58 ± 0.02)nb−1 is collected by the LHCb experiment at the LHC. The differential production cross-sections are measured using D+ and D+s candidates with transverse momentum in the range of 0 < pT < 14 GeV/c and rapidities in the ranges of 1.5 < y∗ < 4.0 and –5.0 < y∗ < –2.5 in the nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass system. For both particles, the nuclear modification factor and the forward-backward production ratio are determined. These results are compared with theoretical models that include initial-state nuclear effects. In addition, measurements of the cross-section ratios between D+, D+s and D0 mesons are presented, providing a baseline for studying the charm hadronization in lead-lead collisions at LHC energies

Prompt and nonprompt ψ (2S) production in pPb collisions at √sNN = 8. 16 TeV

The production of ψ(2S) mesons in proton-lead collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of √sNN = 8.16 TeV is studied with the LHCb detector using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 34 nb−1. The prompt and nonprompt ψ(2S) production cross-sections and the ratio of the ψ(2S) to J/ψ cross-section are measured as a function of the meson transverse momentum and rapidity in the nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass frame, together with forward-to-backward ratios and nuclear modification factors. The production of prompt ψ(2S) is observed to be more suppressed compared to pp collisions than the prompt J/ψ production, while the nonprompt productions have similar suppression factors

Search for CP violation in the phase space of D0 → KS0K±π∓ decays with the energy test

A search for CP violation in D0 → KS0K+π− and D0 → KS0K−π+ decays is reported. The search is performed using an unbinned model-independent method known as the energy test that probes local CP violation in the phase space of the decays. The data analysed correspond to an integrated luminosity of 5.4 fb−1 collected in proton-proton collisions by the LHCb experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 13 TeV, amounting to approximately 950 thousand and 620 thousand signal candidates for the D0 → KS0K−π+ and D0 → KS0K+π− modes, respectively. The method is validated using D0 → K−π+π−π+ and D0 → KS0π+π− decays, where CP-violating effects are expected to be negligible, and using background-enhanced regions of the signal decays. The results are consistent with CP symmetry in both the D0 → KS0K−π+ and the D0 → KS0K+π− decays, with p-values for the hypothesis of no CP violation of 70% and 66%, respectively

Measurement of the CKM angle γ using the B± → D*h± channels

A measurement of the CP-violating observables from B± → D*K± and B± → D*π± decays is presented, where D*(D) is an admixture of D*0 and D¯∗0 (D0 and D¯0) states and is reconstructed through the decay chains D*→ Dπ0/γ and D→KS0π+π−/KS0K+K−. The measurement is performed by analysing the signal yield variation across the D decay phase space and is independent of any amplitude model. The data sample used was collected by the LHCb experiment in proton-proton collisions and corresponds to a total integrated luminosity of 9 fb−1 at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13 TeV. The CKM angle γ is determined to be 69−14+13∘ using the measured CP-violating observables. The hadronic parameters rBD∗K±, rBD∗π±, δBD∗K±, δBD∗π±, which are the ratios and strong phase differences between favoured and suppressed B± decays, are also reported

Invariants de Kuperberg pour les 3-variétés suturées

In this thesis, we study Kuperberg's Hopf algebra approach to quantum invariants of closed 3-manifolds. We show that, for involutive Hopf superalgebras, Kuperberg invariants extend to the more general class of balanced sutured 3-manifolds, and in particular, to link complements. To achieve this, we bring many aspects of Reidemeister torsion theory into the realm of quantum invar-iants, such as twisting, Fox calculus and Spin^c structures and we make clear to which aspects of Hopf algebra theory these correspond. When our construction is specialized to an exterior algebra, we show that it recovers the twisted Reidemeister torsion of sutured 3-manifolds.Dans cette thèse, on étudie les invariants quantiques des 3-variétés de Kuperberg, qui sont basées sur les algèbres de Hopf. On montre que, pour les super-algèbres de Hopf involutives, les invariants de Kuperberg s’étendent à la classe, plus générale, des 3-variétés suturées balancées et en particulier aux compléments d’entrelacs. Pour accomplir ceci, on relève plusieurs aspects de la théorie des torsions de Reidemeister au monde des invariants quantiques, tels que la procédure pour tordre des invariants, le calcul de Fox et les structures Spin^c, et on clarifie les aspects de la théorie des algèbres de Hopf auxquels ils correspondent. Quand notre construction est spécialisée au cas d’une algèbre extérieure, on montre qu’elle calcule la torsion de Reidemeister tordue des 3-variétés suturées