Os desafios da educação no século XXI no município do Bailundo (Angola): um olhar para as exigências actuais usando as NTIC

The use of technologies in the educational sector is vital in these times. The research analyzes a quantitative-qualitative study that demonstrates the advances and importance of new technologies. The same aims to understand the challenges of education in the 21st century in the city of Bailundo, as well as the use of new information and communication technologies in education (NTIC), analyzing the historical trajectory in education in the aspects of learning and didactics. The possibility of including technologies in the classroom allowed advances and changes in the current requirements of the profile of teachers, managers and students in the 21st century, being a reality that is still little explored in Angola today, for several reasons that will be detailed throughout the article. The inclusion of NTIC in education constitutes a new challenge, and not only impacted on social and educational demands and needs, but also created new opportunities for teachers, improving and modernizing their pedagogical practice and the school. These new practices can contribute by offering students opportunities to access NTIC, thus preventing further social inequalities from being generated. Technologies are here to stay, and it is not a didactic tool, but a new concept that includes resources, learning spaces and interactive tools for the development of the teaching and learning process for this 21st century.El uso de las tecnologías en el sector educativo es vital en estos tiempos. La investigación analiza un estudio cuantitativo-cualitativo que demuestra los avances y la importancia de las nuevas tecnologías. El mismo tiene como objetivo comprender los desafíos de la educación en el siglo XXI en la ciudad de Bailundo, así como el uso de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación en la educación (NTIC), analizando la trayectoria histórica de la educación en los aspectos de aprendizaje y didáctica. La posibilidad de incluir tecnologías en el aula permitió avances y cambios en las exigencias actuales del perfil de docentes, directivos y estudiantes en el siglo XXI, siendo una realidad aún hoy poco explorada en Angola, por varias razones que serán detalladas a lo largo el artículo. La inclusión de las NTIC en la educación constituye un nuevo desafío, y no solo impactó en las demandas y necesidades sociales y educativas, sino que también generó nuevas oportunidades para los docentes, mejorando y modernizando su práctica pedagógica y la escuela. Estas nuevas prácticas pueden contribuir ofreciendo a los estudiantes oportunidades de acceso a las NTIC, evitando así que se generen más desigualdades sociales. Las tecnologías llegaron para quedarse, y no es una herramienta didáctica, sino un nuevo concepto que incluye recursos, espacios de aprendizaje y herramientas interactivas para el desarrollo del proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje para este siglo XXI.O uso de tecnologias no setor educacional é vital nestes tempos. A pesquisa analisa um estudo quanti-qualitativo que demonstra os avanços e a importância das novas tecnologias. Esse estudo  tem como objetivo compreender os desafios da educação no século XXI no Município do Bailundo, bem como o uso das novas tecnologias da informação e comunicação na educação (NTIC), analisando a trajetória histórica na educação nos aspectos da aprendizagem e da  didática. A possibilidade de incluir as tecnologias na sala de aula permitiu avanços e mudanças nas atuais exigências do perfil do professor, dos gestores e alunos do século XXI, sendo uma realidade ainda pouco explorada atualmente em Angola, por diversas razões que serão detalhadas ao longo do artigo. A inclusão das NTIC na educação constitui um novo desafio, e não só impactou nas demandas e necessidades sociais e educacionais, como também, criou novas oportunidades, para o docente, melhorando e modernizando sua prática pedagógica e da escola. Essas novas práticas podem contribuir oferecendo aos estudantes oportunidades de acesso às NTIC, evitando, dessa maneira, que sejam geradas mais desigualdades sociais. As tecnologias chegaram para ficar, e não se trata de uma ferramenta didática, mas um novo conceito que inclui recursos, espaços de aprendizagem e ferramentas interativas para o desenvolvimento do processo de ensino e aprendizagem para esse século XXI

FENOLES DEL POLEN DE STENOCACTUS, ECHINOCEREUSY MAMMILLARIA(CACTACEAE)

A variable number of phenolics have beendetected in pollen of the following speciesof Cactaceae: Stenocactus multicostatussubsp. zacatecasensis, Echinocereusenneacanthus, Echinocereus pectinatus,Echinocereus triglochidiatus var.coccineus and Mammillaria heyderi sensulato. The phenolics were characterized by means of chromatographic (HPLC) andspectrometric (UV) properties. The mostabundant flavonols were 3-O-glycosidederivatives of kaempferol and 3-Oglycoside derivatives of quercetin. 3-Oglycoside derivatives of herbacetin werefound in lower abundance. Each species hada particular pollen phenolic profile.Intrapopulation variability in phenolicprofiles was detected in all cases. Thephenolic composition of these species isreported for the first time.Un número variable de compuestosfenólicos ha sido detectado en el polen deStenocactus multicostatus subsp.zacatecasensis (Britton et Rose) U. Guzmánet Vázquez-Benítez, comb. et stat. nov.,Echinocereus enneacanthus Engelm.,Echinocereus pectinatus (Scheidw.)Engelm., Echinocereus triglochidiatus var.coccineus (Engelm.) U. Guzmán, comb. etstat. nov. y Mammillaria heyderi sensulato, todas de la familia Cactaceae. Loscompuestos fenólicos fueron caracterizados por sus propiedades cromatográficas (HPLC) y espectrométricas (UV).Los fenoles encontrados fueron derivadosde ácidos fenólicos y flavonoides. Estosúltimos estuvieron representados porflavonoles, de éstos los más abundantesfueron los 3-O-glicósidos derivados decanferol y quercetina. En menor abundancia se encontraron derivados 3-O-glicósidos deherbacetina. Variabilidad intrapoblacionalen la composición fenólica del polen fueregistrada en todos los casos. Cada unode los taxa presentó un perfil fenólicoparticular. La composición de fenoles delpolen de estas especies es presentada porprimera vez

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Fenoles del polen de Stenocactus, Echinocereus y Mammillaria (Cactaceae)

ABSTRACT A variable number of phenolics have been detected in pollen of the following species of Cactaceae: Stenocactus multicostatus subsp. zacatecasensis, Echinocereus enneacanthus, Echinocereus pectinatus, Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. coccineus and Mammillaria heyderi sensu lato. The phenolics were characterized by means of chromatographic (HPLC) and spectrometric (UV) properties. The most abundant flavonols were 3-O-glycoside derivatives of kaempferol and 3-Oglycoside derivatives of quercetin. 3-Oglycoside derivatives of herbacetin were found in lower abundance. Each species had a particular pollen phenolic profile. Intrapopulation variability in phenolic profiles was detected in all cases. The phenolic composition of these species is reported for the first time.Un número variable de compuestos fenólicos ha sido detectado en el polen de Stenocactus multicostatus subsp. zacatecasensis (Britton et Rose) U. Guzmán et Vázquez-Benítez, comb. et stat. nov., Echinocereus enneacanthus Engelm., Echinocereus pectinatus (Scheidw.) Engelm., Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. coccineus (Engelm.) U. Guzmán, comb. Et stat. nov. y Mammillaria heyderi sensu lato, todas de la familia Cactaceae. Los compuestos fenólicos fueron caracterizados por sus propiedades cromatográficas (HPLC) y espectrométricas (UV). Los fenoles encontrados fueron derivados de ácidos fenólicos y flavonoides. Estos últimos estuvieron representados por flavonoles, de éstos los más abundantes fueron los 3-O-glicósidos derivados de canferol y quercetina. En menor abundancia se encontraron derivados 3-O-glicósidos de herbacetina. Variabilidad intrapoblacional en la composición fenólica del polen fue registrada en todos los casos. Cada uno de los taxa presentó un perfil fenólico particular. La composición de fenoles del polen de estas especies es presentada por primera vez

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

Global variation in postoperative mortality and complications after cancer surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohort study in 82 countries

© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licenseBackground: 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. Methods: This was a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for primary breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer requiring a skin incision done under general or neuraxial anaesthesia. The primary outcome was death or major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression determined relationships within three-level nested models of patients within hospitals and countries. Hospital-level infrastructure effects were explored with three-way mediation analyses. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03471494. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019, we enrolled 15 958 patients from 428 hospitals in 82 countries (high income 9106 patients, 31 countries; upper-middle income 2721 patients, 23 countries; or lower-middle income 4131 patients, 28 countries). Patients in LMICs presented with more advanced disease compared with patients in high-income countries. 30-day mortality was higher for gastric cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (adjusted odds ratio 3·72, 95% CI 1·70–8·16) and for colorectal cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (4·59, 2·39–8·80) and upper-middle-income countries (2·06, 1·11–3·83). No difference in 30-day mortality was seen in breast cancer. The proportion of patients who died after a major complication was greatest in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (6·15, 3·26–11·59) and upper-middle-income countries (3·89, 2·08–7·29). Postoperative death after complications was partly explained by patient factors (60%) and partly by hospital or country (40%). The absence of consistently available postoperative care facilities was associated with seven to 10 more deaths per 100 major complications in LMICs. Cancer stage alone explained little of the early variation in mortality or postoperative complications. Interpretation: Higher levels of mortality after cancer surgery in LMICs was not fully explained by later presentation of disease. The capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention. Early death after cancer surgery might be reduced by policies focusing on strengthening perioperative care systems to detect and intervene in common complications. Funding: National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licenseBackground: Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide. Methods: A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study—a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3·85 [95% CI 2·58–5·75]; p<0·0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63·0% vs 82·7%; OR 0·35 [0·23–0·53]; p<0·0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer. Interpretation: Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised. Funding: National Institute for Health and Care Research