Susceptibility of Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis to erythrosine- and LED-mediated photodynamic therapy

AbstractThe effect of erythrosine- and LED-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) on planktonic cultures and biofilms of Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis was evaluated. Planktonic cultures of standardized suspensions (106cells/mL) of C. albicans and C. dubliniensis were treated with erythrosine concentrations of 0.39–200μM and LEDs in a 96-well microtiter plate. Biofilms formed by C. albicans and C. dubliniensis in the bottom of a 96-well microtiter plate were treated with 400μM erythrosine and LEDs. After PDT, the biofilms were analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antimicrobial effect of PDT against planktonic cultures and biofilms was verified by counting colony-forming units (CFU/mL), and the data were submitted to analysis of variance and the Tukey test (P<0.05). C. albicans and C. dubliniensis were not detectable after PDT of planktonic cultures with erythrosine concentrations of 3.12μM or higher. The CFU/mL values obtained from biofilms were reduced 0.74 log10 for C. albicans and 0.21 log10 for C. dubliniensis. SEM revealed a decrease in the quantity of yeasts and hyphae in the biofilm after PDT. In conclusion, C. albicans and C. dubliniensis were susceptible to erythrosine- and LED-mediated PDT, but the biofilms of both Candida species were more resistant than their planktonic counterparts

A reatividade negativa oriunda da poliquimioterapia imposta na Hanseníase

Introdução: A hanseníase é uma doença infectocontagiosa, que devido às repercussões clínicas e aos dados epidemiológicos é considerada de notificação compulsória. Contudo, esse transtorno quando é precocemente identificado e adequadamente manejado, evita consideravelmente o círculo vicioso de contágio e as manifestações clínicas que tornam a doença tão alvo de estigma. Objetivo: Descrever a reação negativa oriunda da poliquimioterapia imposta na hanseníase. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa de literatura, fundamentada nas plataformas do Scielo, Pubmed, Lilacs e demais literaturas pertinentes ao tema, utilizando-se os seguintes descritores: Reação Hansênica, Efeitos Adversos e Poliquimioterapia, no período de janeiro de 2023. Resultados e Discussão:&nbsp; Atualmente, o protocolo terapêutico voltado para a Hanseníase é a poliquimioterapia e possui boa eficácia e tolerância pela maioria dos pacientes.&nbsp; No advém, a minoria destes apresenta reações adversas que variam de leve a exacerbadas e que devem ser devidamente classificados e orientados para outras opções farmacológica, objetivando impedir que o paciente abandone o tratamento, junto às enormes repercussões oriundas deste, e propiciar melhor qualidade de vida. Conclusão: Estima-se que o tratamento da Hanseníase é algo importante e indispensável para evitar problemas de saúde pública, mas este se baseia em uma alta carga associada de remédios potentes, a qual alguns portadores possuem sensibilidade e se orientados, podem continuar o tratamento até o alcance da cura.&nbsp

Cardiomiopatia de Takotsubo: uma breve revisão sistemática: Takotsubo Cardiomiopathy: a brief systematic review

A cardiomiopatia de Takotsubo é uma nova cardiomiopatia que foi noticiada pela primeira vez em 2001. A doença é definida por disfunção reversível do ventrículo esquerdo e manifesta-se normalmente como uma síndrome coronária aguda. Este estudo teve como objetivo discutir as principais características da cardiomiopatia takotsubo. Para isso, foi desenvolvida uma revisão sistemática de literatura, recorrendo-se às bases de dados Scielo, Medline e Lilacs, selecionando-se estudos publicados nos últimos 5 anos. A partir da análise e interpretação dos dados das fontes foi possível concluir que a cardiomiopatia de takotsubo é desencadeada pelo estresse físico e é vista como uma complicação para outras doenças não cardíacas, se apresentando geralmente em mulheres pós-menopausa, acima dos 70 anos de idade. Manifesta-se com início súbito de dor torácica e dispneia, após um evento emocional estressante que precede o início dos sintomas. Com principais consequências, tem-se choque cardiogênico, obstrução da via de saída do ventrículo esquerdo, trombo da parede ventricular esquerda, arritmias ventriculares, ruptura da parede ventricular e paragem cardíaca, registrando-se alguns casos de morte súbita

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Estudo de genes de Candida albicans com função desconhecida quanto à formação de biofilme, características biológicas e interação patógeno- hospedeiro

Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungi capable of causing superficial and systemic infections. Most of infections are mediated by biofilm formation which confers resistance to antifungal agents and immune system, but the mechanisms of biofilm development and pathogenicity were not thoroughly elucidated yet. In the presente study, 9 unknown function genes of C. albicans were selected among 34 mutant strains that presented altered phenotype for biofilm formation. The biofilms were formed on 96-well microtitle plates or on polystyrene disks and evaluated in different time intervals. Next, 4 complemented strains were constructed and evaluated for susceptibility to stressor agents, growth under nutrient limitation and filamentation tests. The biofilm architecture was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The biofilms were also assessed as the quantity of β-1,3-glucan and chitin. For the infection models, buccal epithelial cells (TR-146) were used for adherence, invasion and damage assays. The pathogenicity of the strains was evaluated in embrionated chicken eggs for 7 days, after inoculation of the strains. Planktonic cells and biofilms were submitted to antifungal tests with fluconazole, amphotericin B, and caspofungin. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to verify the expression of MRV8 and NDT80 genes in fungal cells in interaction with epithelial cells and MRV8, MRV1, and MRV6 genes in cells grown in biofilm. The results were submitted to the Student t test, ANOVA, Tukey's test, and Log-rank test (Mantel-Cox) (p < 0.05). Four complemented strains were constructed for the selected genes ORF19.823, ORF19.7170, ORF19.6847, and MRV8. The function of the ORF19.823 is still unknown, because the mutant strain did not show any significative phenotype for the tests performed. The mutant strain for the ORF19.7170 caused less damage on epithelial cells, but the result was not significant and the gene was dispensable...Candida albicans é um fungo oportunista capaz de causar infecções superficiais e até sistêmicas. A maioria das infecções é mediada pela formação de biofilme que confere resistência aos agentes antifúngicos e ao sistema imune, porém os mecanismos de desenvolvimento do biofilme e patogenicidade ainda não foram completamente elucidados. No presente estudo foram selecionados 9 genes de C. albicans com função desconhecida, dentre 34 cepas mutantes que apresentaram fenótipo alterado para formação de biofilme. Os biofilmes foram formados em placas de 96 poços ou discos de poliestireno e avaliados em diferentes tempos de desenvolvimento. A seguir foram construídas 4 cepas complementadas que foram avaliadas quanto à susceptibilidade a agentes estressantes, crescimento sob limitação de nutrientes e testes de filamentação. A arquitetura dos biofilmes foi analisada por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Os biofilmes também foram avaliados quanto à quantidade de β-1,3-glucana e quitina. Para os modelos de infecção, células epiteliais bucais (TR-146) foram utilizadas para análise de aderência, invasão e dano. A patogenicidade das cepas foi avaliada em ovos embrionados de galinha durante 7 dias, após a inoculação das cepas. Células planctônicas e biofilmes foram submetidos a testes antifúngicos com os agentes fluconazol, anfotericina B e caspofungina. A reação em cadeia da polimerase quantitativa foi realizada para verificar a expressão dos genes MRV8 e NDT80 em células fúngicas em interação com células epiteliais e MRV8, MRV1 e MRV6 em células crescidas em biofilme. Os resultados foram analisados por teste t de Student, ANOVA, Tukey e testes de Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) (p < 0,05). Foram construídas 4 cepas complementadas para os genes selecionados ORF19.823, ORF19.7170, ORF19.6847 e MRV8. A função de ORF19.823 ainda permanece desconhecida, pois nãofoi observado fenótipo msignificativo para a cepa....Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Susceptibility of planktonic cultures of Streptococcus mutans to photodynamic therapy with a light-emitting diode

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of photodynamic therapy with erythrosine and rose bengal using a light-emitting diode (LED) on planktonic cultures of S. mutans. Ten S. mutans strains, including nine clinical strains and one reference strain (ATCC 35688), were used. Suspensions containing 10 6 cells/mL were prepared for each strain and were tested under different experimental conditions: a) LED irradiation in the presence of rose bengal as a photosensitizer (RB+L+); b) LED irradiation in the presence of erythrosine as a photosensitizer (E+L+); c) LED irradiation only (P-L+); d) treatment with rose bengal only (RB+L-); e) treatment with erythrosine only (E+L-); and f) no LED irradiation or photosensitizer treatment, which served as a control group (P-L-). After treatment, the strains were seeded onto BHI agar for determination of the number of colony-forming units (CFU/mL). The results were submitted to analysis of variance and the Tukey test (p ≤ 0.05). The number of CFU/mL was significantly lower in the groups submitted to photodynamic therapy (RB+L+ and E+L+) compared to control (P-L-), with a reduction of 6.86 log 10 in the RB+L+ group and of 5.16 log 10 in the E+L+ group. Photodynamic therapy with rose bengal and erythrosine exerted an antimicrobial effect on all S. mutans strains studied

Effect of photodynamic therapy on clinical isolates of Staphylococcus spp

Staphylococcus spp. are opportunistic microorganisms known for their capacity to develop resistance against antimicrobial agents. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on 20 Staphylococcus strains isolated from the human oral cavity, including S. aureus, S. schleiferi, S. epidermidis, S. capitis, S. haemolyticus, and S. lentus. A suspension of each Staphylococcus strain (10(6) cells/mL) was submitted to PDT using methylene blue and a low power laser. The isolated effects of methylene blue, laser treatment and ciprofloxacin were also evaluated. After the experimental treatments, 0.1 mL aliquots of the suspensions were seeded onto BHI agar for determination of the number of colony-forming units (CFU/mL). The results were analyzed by analysis of variance and Tukey's test (p < 0.05). The mean reduction in bacterial counts of the strains submitted to PDT ranged from 4.89 to 6.83 CFU (log10)/mL, with the observation of a decreasing susceptibility to treatment of S. schleiferi, S. haemolyticus, S. epidermidis, S. capitis, S. aureus, and S. lentus. The results showed that PDT was effective in reducing the number of viable cells of all clinical Staphylococcus isolates studied

Enzymatic Activity, Sensitivity to Antifungal Drugs and Baccharis dracunculifolia Essential Oil by Candida Strains Isolated from the Oral Cavities of Breastfeeding Infants and in Their Mothers' Mouths and Nipples

Candida strains can cause oral candidosis, as well as nipples candidosis and lead to premature weaning or yeast transmission. The aim of this study was to evaluate 51 Candida isolates obtained from the oral cavities of infants during breastfeeding and mothers' oral cavities and nipples, their enzymatic activity and their sensitivity to amphotericin B, fluconazole and Baccharis dracunculifolia essential oil. Among the studied strains, 96.1% produced phospholipase and 78.4% produced proteinase. The antifungal resistance was only observed among isolates of C. albicans, for which three strains showed a resistant activity to fluconazole and one showed a resistant activity to amphotericin B. All strains were sensitive to B. dracunculifolia essential oil with MIC between 0.2 and 6.25 mg/ml. It was concluded that most of the strains showed significant enzymatic activity and were sensitive to amphotericin B and fluconazole. B. dracunculifolia essential oil inhibited the growth of all strains, including the ones resistant to commercial antifungal agents.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP