Antimicrobial activity of aqueous extracts from pomegranate (punica granatum l.) against shigella

En el presente trabajo se analizó la envoltura celular de bacterias pertenecientes al género Listeria,sensibles y resistentes a enterocina CRL35. En general se puede decir que las células de Listeria susceptibles a esta bacteriocina fueron menos sensibles a la enzima lítica lisozima. Mientras que no se observaron diferencias significativas en las cargas superficiales. Por otro lado, el estudio de la adhesión a solventes no permitió establecer una correlación clara entre la sensibilidad al péptido antimicrobiano y las propiedades fisicoquímicas de las paredes celulares. Por lo tanto, las diferencias estructurales en las células de Listeria resistentes a enterocina CRL35 estarían circunscriptas a la membrana plasmática.In the present work, the cellular envelope of enterocin CRL35‐sensitive and resistant bacteria belonging to the Listeria genus was analyzed. In general, it can be stated that Listeria cells that were susceptible to this bacteriocin were less sensitive to lytic enzyme lysozyme. In addition, there were no significant differences in surface charges. On the other hand, the study of the adhesion to solvents did not allow to set a clear correlation between sensitivity to the antimicrobial peptide and the physicochemical properties of cell walls. Therefore, structural differences in Listeria cells resistant to enterocin CRL35 would be circumscribed to the plasma membrane.Fil: Farizano, Juan Vicente. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: de Athayde Moncovo Collado, Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Masias, Ruth Emilse. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Salazar, Paula Belén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Minahk, Carlos Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; Argentin

A Convergent-Parallel Analysis on the Technical Assistance Provided by Information Technology Faculty Extensionists: Basis for Training and Extension Activities Plan

The study determined the satisfaction of the technical assistance conducted by faculty extensionists from a higher learning institution in Nueva Ecija, Philippines, during the academic year 2021-2022. It employed a mixed-method convergent-parallel method of study. It sought to describe the timeliness, quality of work, professionalism, courtesy, and achievement of the objectives of the technical assistance. Furthermore, it expressed the overall satisfaction of the beneficiaries with the conduct of the technical assistance using a quantitative approach. Qualitatively, using open-ended questions, the researchers analyzed the participants' responses using theme-generation techniques and identified the usefulness and impact of the technical assistance rendered to the employees and organization. The results generally revealed that the participants were satisfied with the service they received. A significant difference was seen in the level of difficulty experienced. The technical assistance provided has been practical. These participants' responses served as the basis for designing the college's training and extension development plan

Las actitudes lingüísticas de los hablantes de la comunidad La Conquista, San Francisco Libre, municipio de Managua, hacia el español de Nicaragua y los demás países de América Central: un enfoque sociolingüístico, durante el periodo de febrero a junio de 2016

El objetivo de esta investigación circunda en conocer e identificar las actitudes lingüísticas cognitivas y afectivas de los hablantes de la comunidad “La Conquista”, de San Francisco Libre, municipio de Managua hacia el español de Nicaragua y países de América Central. Para conocer las actitudes de los informantes, se realizó un instrumento compuesto por 11 interrogantes, que a su vez está estructurado en dos partes. La primera etapa del instrumento expresa datos generales del informador; como es la referencia de estos, si pertenecen a la comunidad, la cantidad de años que llevan viviendo en la localidad, y por último, si los han vivido o visitado otro país de habla hispana. La segunda parte mide las actitudes cognitivo-lingüísticas en relación a las variantes de los países de Centroamérica. En esta etapa se usó grabaciones, es decir de estimulación fónica para los colaboradores, con el fin de conocer el nivel cognitivo-lingüístico de frente a las variantes. En la segunda parte dirigida a conocer las actitudes cognitivo-lingüística de los hablantes de la comunidad “La Conquista”, frente a las variantes de los países de Centroamérica, se presentó a los informantes las grabaciones y se formularon preguntas de reconocimiento de las variantes. Los resultados favorecen y destacan a la variante costarricense con 64% de reconocimiento de la variante. Las características que especificaron los informantes, fueron de nivel fonético con relación a la entonación. El sexo que obtuvo el mayor porcentaje, fue el sexo masculino con 34%, mientras que el sexo femenino con el 30%. En el rango etario, quien tuvo el mayor porcentaje fue el grupo 20-34 con 30%, siguiéndole el rango 35-54 con 26% y por último el 8% corresponde al rango 55 a más. Otro país que sobresale en esta interrogante es el país de Nicaragua con el 56% de reconocimiento de la variable, es necesario mencionar la apreciación afectiva y positiva de los informantes a su propia variante lingüística. Las características que especificaron los informantes, fueron de nivel fonético, léxicas y elementos suprasegmentales con relación a la entonación. Entre las variables edad y sexo, el sexo femenino es el que lleva el mando con 32%. En el rango de edad, existe una igualdad de porcentaje en las edades de 20-34 y 35-54 de 22

Aspectos teóricos de la hipertensión arterial en la niñez y adolescencia

Introducción: la prevalencia de la hipertensión arterial se relaciona con la presencia de factores de riesgo, que actúan como elementos predisponentes al desencadenamiento o aparición de la enfermedad. Objetivo: describir los elementos teóricos útiles sobre la hipertensión arterial en la niñez y adolescencia. Métodos: en el Policlínico ¨4 de Abril¨ de Guantánamo, entre septiembre y diciembre de 2021, se realizó una revisión narrativa a través de búsquedas en bases de datos electrónicas (LILACS, PubMed, SciELO, Redalyc y Elsevier), de artículos originales y revisiones sistemáticas que incluyeron información relacionada con la hipertensión arterial en la niñez y adolescencia. Se emplearon los operadores booleanos AND, OR y NOT, así como la estrategia de búsqueda avanzada para la selección de los artículos. Se ejecutó el análisis de la información más relevante y así se conformó el informe final de la revisión. Resultados: se describieron los aspectos teóricos que sustentan que la hipertensión arterial en la niñez y adolescencia es considerada una enfermedad crónica, donde interactúan varios factores de riesgo, y en el que el estilo de vida saludable permite el control de la enfermedad. Conclusiones: se revela que la hipertensión arterial en la niñez y adolescencia constituye un importante problema de salud, con incidencia y prevalencia crecientes, que constituye un marcador de riesgo para padecer la enfermedad en la adultez

Global Education Handbook: Modules for Teaching Pre-School to Secondary School

This handbook was developed to assist K-12 teachers who wish to introduce a global perspective into their curriculum. The modules were developed by classroom teachers and include such topics as: Anti-bias Curriculum: A Multicultural Perspective,” “The African Influence in Puerto Rican Music,” and “Multicultural Education: An Approach through Beauty, Fashion and Art.” Organized according to grade levels, each module is divided into a series of lessons complete with objectives and a detailed description of materials and activities. It is the purpose of the Global Education Handbook to contribute to networking within the community of educators, locally and globally. The Handbook provides examples of lesson plans and units with a global perspective for use at the pre-school, elementary, middle, and secondary grade levels. It identifies a global network of resources which is available to educators who want to bring the world into their classrooms. Included is an account of an early childhood educator in a rural elementary school in Western Massachusetts who is attempting to instill a global perspective in her curriculum. Her experiences bring to light many of the challenges which confront new and veteran educators who wish to globalize their classrooms and their schools. The Handbook is organized into chapters according to grade level: pre-school, elementary, middle, and secondary. The material within each of these chapters was developed by teachers who implemented these global education units in their classrooms. Each unit is comprised of several lessons that have either a geographic, cultural, or issue-based focus. These resources can be used directly from the Handbook and it is hoped that they will inspire the development of other lessons and units particular to the unique needs of each educator

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Filosofía de la innovación y de la tecnología educativa: Tomo II Innovación educativa

Los nueve capítulos de este tomo contienen aproximaciones teóricas-conceptuales y reflexiones sobre la innovación educativa y el desarrollo de competencias para responder al nuevo contexto. Las propuestas de los autores de este volumen responden a preguntas como: ¿Qué significa enseñar y aprender en una época como la actual?, ¿cuáles son las tendencias pedagógicas innovadoras del siglo XXI?, ¿cuáles son las contribuciones de las TIC para el fortalecimiento de las prácticas educativas y de las competencias digitales?, ¿qué procesos de innovación educativa atiendan a las singularidades de las ciencias?, ¿cómo generar procesos de innovación a partir del currículo y de la organización institucional?, ¿la innovación educativa es garantía de calidad

Host Genetics and Environmental Factors Regulate Ecological Succession of the Mouse Colon Tissue-Associated Microbiota

Background: The integration of host genetics, environmental triggers and the microbiota is a recognised factor in the pathogenesis of barrier function diseases such as IBD. In order to determine how these factors interact to regulate the host immune response and ecological succession of the colon tissue-associated microbiota, we investigated the temporal interaction between the microbiota and the host following disruption of the colonic epithelial barrier. Methodology/Principal Findings: Oral administration of DSS was applied as a mechanistic model of environmental damage of the colon and the resulting inflammation characterized for various parameters over time in WT and Nod2 KO mice. Results: In WT mice, DSS damage exposed the host to the commensal flora and led to a migration of the tissue-associated bacteria from the epithelium to mucosal and submucosal layers correlating with changes in proinflammatory cytokine profiles and a progressive transition from acute to chronic inflammation of the colon. Tissue-associated bacteria levels peaked at day 21 post-DSS and declined thereafter, correlating with recruitment of innate immune cells and development of the adaptive immune response. Histological parameters, immune cell infiltration and cytokine biomarkers of inflammation were indistinguishable between Nod2 and WT littermates following DSS, however, Nod2 KO mice demonstrated significantly higher tissue-associated bacterial levels in the colon. DSS damage and Nod2 genotype independently regulated the community structure of the colon microbiota

Defining the Cellular Environment in the Organ of Corti following Extensive Hair Cell Loss: A Basis for Future Sensory Cell Replacement in the Cochlea

Background: Following the loss of hair cells from the mammalian cochlea, the sensory epithelium repairs to close the lesions but no new hair cells arise and hearing impairment ensues. For any cell replacement strategy to be successful, the cellular environment of the injured tissue has to be able to nurture new hair cells. This study defines characteristics of the auditory sensory epithelium after hair cell loss. Methodology/Principal Findings: Studies were conducted in C57BL/6 and CBA/Ca mice. Treatment with an aminoglycoside-diuretic combination produced loss of all outer hair cells within 48 hours in both strains. The subsequent progressive tissue re-organisation was examined using immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. There was no evidence of significant de-differentiation of the specialised columnar supporting cells. Kir4.1 was down regulated but KCC4, GLAST, microtubule bundles, connexin expression patterns and pathways of intercellular communication were retained. The columnar supporting cells became covered with non-specialised cells migrating from the outermost region of the organ of Corti. Eventually non-specialised, flat cells replaced the columnar epithelium. Flat epithelium developed in distributed patches interrupting regions of columnar epithelium formed of differentiated supporting cells. Formation of the flat epithelium was initiated within a few weeks post-treatment in C57BL/6 mice but not for several months in CBA/Ca’s, suggesting genetic background influences the rate of re-organisation