Evolución de la financiación de los medios de comunicación en España. ¿Hacia un modelo más sostenible?

El acceso a la información es un derecho que nuestra Constitución reconoce y protege como un derecho fundamental de todas las personas. Desde esta perspectiva, las ayudas del Estado a los medios de comunicación tienen un fundamento que las justifica como medio de garantizar la disposición de un número suficiente de medios plurales al alcance de los ciudadanos. No obstante, detractores de las mismas arguyen que suponen un despilfarro de recursos -ya que el mercado se encarga de que sobrevivan los más eficientes- y la injerencia del Gobierno de turno sobre los medios informativos. Así, este artículo se encarga de analizar los cambios acontecidos en la evolución del modelo de financiación de los medios de comunicación en España en los últimos años, y en particular la creciente importancia de la partida de subvenciones, para así poder caracterizar su estado actual y la idoneidad del mismo en la empresa de conseguir los objetivos que persigue

Evolución de la financiación de los medios de comunicación en España. ¿Hacia un modelo más sostenible?

The access to information is a right that our Constitution recognizes and protects as a fundamental right of every person. From this standpoint, Government subsidies to mass media have a foundation that justifies them as a mean to guarantee the provision of a sufficient number of plural media available to citizens. Nevertheless, detractors of subsidies argue that they entail a waste of resources –since the market guarantees that the most efficient will survive- and the interference of the Government of the moment on mass media. Therefore, this article analyses the changes happened in the evolution of the funding model of mass media in Spain in recent years, and particularly the increasing relevance of subsidies, in order to be able to characterize its current condition and suitability to achieve the goals that it pursues.El acceso a la información es un derecho que nuestra Constitución reconoce y protege como un derecho fundamental de todas las personas. Desde esta perspectiva, las ayudas del Estado a los medios de comunicación tienen un fundamento que las justifica como medio de garantizar la disposición de un número suficiente de medios plurales al alcance de los ciudadanos. No obstante, detractores de las mismas arguyen que suponen un despilfarro de recursos -ya que el mercado se encarga de que sobrevivan los más eficientes- y la injerencia del Gobierno de turno sobre los medios informativos. Así, este artículo se encarga de analizar los cambios acontecidos en la evolución del modelo de financiación de los medios de comunicación en España en los últimos años, y en particular la creciente importancia de la partida de subvenciones, para así poder caracterizar su estado actual y la idoneidad del mismo en la empresa de conseguir los objetivos que persigue

Identifying the proper mix of growth-seeking strategies for Spanish SMEs: An analysis during times of economic boom and crisis

This study explores the potential effects of different combinations of growth-seeking strategies on performance in SMEs during long times of economic boom and crisis. Our hypotheses are tested on a representative sample of Spanish SMEs between 1994 and 2014. During these years Spain suffered one of the periods of greatest economic stability/growth in recent years (1994-2008), followed immediately by a period of severe crisis (2009-2014). Using dynamic panel data models, our findings reveal that four combinations exhibit a positive and statistically significant effect on performance in times of economic boom: a related product strategy combined with low, moderate, or high levels of internationalization, and an unrelated one combined with a moderate level of internationalization. Meanwhile, we find only two combinations with a positive impact on SME performance in times of crisis: a related product strategy combined with low and moderate levels of internationalization, respectivel

La brecha de género en el desempeño en exámenes de opción múltiple

El proyecto pretende analizar si existe una brecha de género en el desempeño en exámenes de opción múltiple, ampliamente utilizados como sistemas de evaluación de las asignaturas de los distintos grados ofrecidos por la universidad.Depto. de Análisis Económico y Economía CuantitativaFac. de Ciencias Económicas y EmpresarialesFALSEsubmitte

Actividades de aprendizaje colaborativo en la docencia online: tutorías colaborativas y otras iniciativas de aprendizaje de apoyo mutuo entre estudiantes

Memoria del proyecto de innovación docente para la aplicación de estrategias de aprendizaje colaborativo y apoyo mutuo entre estudiantes, con especial atención a las tutorías colaborativas, en los Grados de ADE y Comercio

Aprendizaje colaborativo: Tutorías colaborativas y otras experiencias basadas en la cooperación y el apoyo mutuo entre estudiantes

Memoria del Proyecto de innovación Innova docencia de la convocatoria de 2019-20, consistente en la aplicación de una experiencia de aprendizaje colaborativo a partir de un sistema de tutorías colaborativas en 5 asignaturas de Grado de 4 facultades de la UCM. Asimismo, se realizó otra experiencia de trabajo colaborativo entre estudiantes y profesor en dos asignaturas del Máster Oficial en Comunicación Social de la UCM

Impacts of the Tropical Pacific/Indian Oceans on the Seasonal Cycle of the West African Monsoon

The current consensus is that drought has developed in the Sahel during the second half of the twentieth century as a result of remote effects of oceanic anomalies amplified by local land–atmosphere interactions. This paper focuses on the impacts of oceanic anomalies upon West African climate and specifically aims to identify those from SST anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Oceans during spring and summer seasons, when they were significant. Idealized sensitivity experiments are performed with four atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs). The prescribed SST patterns used in the AGCMs are based on the leading mode of covariability between SST anomalies over the Pacific/Indian Oceans and summer rainfall over West Africa. The results show that such oceanic anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Ocean lead to a northward shift of an anomalous dry belt from the Gulf of Guinea to the Sahel as the season advances. In the Sahel, the magnitude of rainfall anomalies is comparable to that obtained by other authors using SST anomalies confined to the proximity of the Atlantic Ocean. The mechanism connecting the Pacific/Indian SST anomalies with West African rainfall has a strong seasonal cycle. In spring (May and June), anomalous subsidence develops over both the Maritime Continent and the equatorial Atlantic in response to the enhanced equatorial heating. Precipitation increases over continental West Africa in association with stronger zonal convergence of moisture. In addition, precipitation decreases over the Gulf of Guinea. During the monsoon peak (July and August), the SST anomalies move westward over the equatorial Pacific and the two regions where subsidence occurred earlier in the seasons merge over West Africa. The monsoon weakens and rainfall decreases over the Sahel, especially in August.Peer reviewe

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis