Low Intensity of Running Favors for Anabolic Response after Resistance Exercise

Purpose: Whether active or passive recovery after resistance exercise may affect anabolic and catabolic response is not clear. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of active (moderate or low intensity running) and passive (rest) recovery after resistance exercise on testosterone, cortisol and testosterone/cortisol ratio (T/C) responses. Methods: By counter-balanced design, nine recreationally active males (age: 23.89 ± 0.86 yrs of age; height: 172.89 ± 1.30 cm; weight: 68.37 ± 2.72 kg; VO2max: 56.56 ± 1.70 ml/kg/min) completed three tests including: 65% VO2max running (moderate intensity, RM), 40% VO2max running (low intensity, RL) and passive rest (RR) following 3sets of four resistance exercises (bench press, leg extension, front lat pulldown and leg curl, 12 repetitions at 60%1RM with 2min rest among all sets and exercises). In order to evaluate the systemic anabolic status, we measured plasma testosterone, cortisol and T/C ratio before resistance exercise (baseline), immediately after either active or passive recovery (post), and 30min after recovery (rest). Results: In RM group, T/C was significantly lower (decrease 18.5%, p\u3c.05) than baseline at rest. In RL group, T/C was significantly higher (increase 79.1% at post and increase 123.2% at rest, p\u3c.05) than baseline at post and rest, respectively. At rest, the T/C of RL was higher than RM (RM: 0.49 ± 0.12, RL: 1.08 ± 0.19, p\u3c.05). Conclusions: Resistance exercise and low intensity aerobic exercise is more favorable to enhance anabolic response during post-exercise recovery

Femtosecond-laser-written superficial cladding waveguides in Nd:CaF 2 crystal

We report on the superficial cladding waveguides fabricated by direct femtosecond laser writing in Nd: CaF2 crystal with three different groups of parameters. The lowest propagation loss of waveguides has been determined to be 0.7 dB/cm at wavelength of 632.8 nm along TE polarization. The near fundamental modal distributions have been imaged through the end-face coupling technique. The guidance of the waveguides is found to possess low sensitivity on polarization of the probe light. By using a confocal microscope system, the micro-photoluminescence mappings and micro-fluorescence spectra are also obtained, which indicates the photoluminescence features of the Nd3+ ions are well preserved in the waveguide cores after direct femtosecond laser writing.The work is supported by Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (20130131130001); the 111 Project (No. B13029); Fundamental Research Funds for Shandong University (No. 2014JC002). JRVA thanks support from Junta de Castilla y León (Project SA116U13)

Cladding-like waveguide fabricated by cooperation of ultrafast laser writing and ion irradiation: characterization and laser generation

We report the surface cladding-like waveguide fabricated by the cooperation of the ultrafast laser writing and the ion irradiation. The ultrafast laser writes tracks near the surface of the Nd:YAG crystal, constructing a semi-circle columnar structure with a decreased refractive index of – 0.00208. Then, the Nd:YAG crystal is irradiated by the Carbon ion beam, forming an enhanced-well in the semi-circle columnar with an increased refractive index of + 0.0024. Tracks and the enhanced-well consisted a surface cladding-like waveguide. Utilizing this cladding-like waveguide as the gain medium for the waveguide lasing, optimized characterizations were observed compared with the monolayer waveguide. This work demonstrates the refractive index of the Nd:YAG crystal can be well tailored by the cooperation of the ultrafast laser writing and the ion irradiation, which provides an convenient way to fabricate the complex and multilayered photonics devices

On the orthogonal distance to class subspaces for high-dimensional data classification

The orthogonal distance from an instance to the subspace of a class is a key metric for pattern classification by the class subspace-based methods. There is a close relationship between the orthogonal distance and the residual standard deviation of a test instance from the class subspace. In this paper, we shall show that an established and widely-used relationship, between the residual standard deviation and the sum of squares of the residual PC scores, is not precise, and thus can lead to incorrect results, for the inference of high-dimensional data which nowadays are common in practice

Downstream signaling mechanism of the C-terminal activation domain of transcriptional coactivator CoCoA

The coiled-coil coactivator (CoCoA) is a transcriptional coactivator for nuclear receptors and enhances nuclear receptor function by the interaction with the bHLH-PAS domain (AD3) of p160 coactivators. The C-terminal activation domain (AD) of CoCoA possesses strong transactivation activity and is required for the coactivator function of CoCoA with nuclear receptors. To understand how CoCoA AD transmits its activating signal to the transcription machinery, we defined specific subregions, amino acid motifs and protein binding partners involved in the function of CoCoA AD. The minimal transcriptional AD was mapped to approximately 91 C-terminal amino acids and consists of acidic, serine/proline-rich and phenylalanine-rich subdomains. Transcriptional activation by the CoCoA AD was p300-dependent, and p300 interacted physically and functionally with CoCoA AD and was recruited to a promoter by the interaction with CoCoA AD. The FYDVASAF motif in the CoCoA AD was critical for the transcriptional activity of CoCoA AD, the interaction of CoCoA with p300, the coactivator function of CoCoA for estrogen receptor α and GRIP1 and the transcriptional synergy among coactivators GRIP1, CARM1, p300 and CoCoA. Taken together these data extend our understanding of the mechanism of downstream signaling by the essential C-terminal AD of the nuclear receptor coactivator CoCoA; they indicate that p300 is a functionally important interaction partner of CoCoA AD and that their interaction potentiates transcriptional activation by the p160 coactivator complex

Development and validation of an ELISA using a protein encoded by ORF2 antigenic domain of porcine circovirus type 2

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The capsid protein (ORF2) is a major structural protein of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). A simple and reliable diagnostic method based on ORF2 protein immunoreactivity would serve as a valuable diagnostic method for detecting serum antibodies to PCV2 and monitoring PCV infection. Here, we reported an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) by using an antigenic domain (113-147AA) of ORF2-encoded antigen, expressed in <it>E. coli</it>, for diagnosis of PCV infection.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The ELISA was performed on 288 serum samples collected from different porcine herds and compared with an indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA). In total, 262 of 288 samples were positive as indicated by both I-ELISA and IFA. The specificity and sensitivity of I-ELISA were 87.7% and 93.57%.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This ELISA is suitable for detection and discrimination of PCV2 infection in both SPF and farm antisera.</p

Non-Universal Gaugino Masses in Supersymmetric SO(10)

We consider SUSY SO(10) models in which SUSY breaking occurs via an F-term which does not transform as an SO(10) singlet. This results in non-universal GUT-scale gaugino masses leading to a different pattern of sparticle masses from what is expected in the minimal supergravity model (mSUGRA). We study three breaking chains of SO(10) down to the standard model through SU(4)\timesSU(2)\timesSU(2), SU(2)$\times$SO(7) and `flipped' SU(5) achieved by the representations 54 and 210 which appear in the symmetric product of two SO(10) adjoints. We examine the phenomenological implications of the different boundary conditions corresponding to the different breaking chains and present the sparticle spectrum.Comment: 23 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables, corrected typos, discussion and references added, final version accepted for publication on NP

Fluorescent nanoparticles for sensing

Nanoparticle-based fluorescent sensors have emerged as a competitive alternative to small molecule sensors, due to their excellent fluorescence-based sensing capabilities. The tailorability of design, architecture, and photophysical properties has attracted the attention of many research groups, resulting in numerous reports related to novel nanosensors applied in sensing a vast variety of biological analytes. Although semiconducting quantum dots have been the best-known representative of fluorescent nanoparticles for a long time, the increasing popularity of new classes of organic nanoparticle-based sensors, such as carbon dots and polymeric nanoparticles, is due to their biocompatibility, ease of synthesis, and biofunctionalization capabilities. For instance, fluorescent gold and silver nanoclusters have emerged as a less cytotoxic replacement for semiconducting quantum dot sensors. This chapter provides an overview of recent developments in nanoparticle-based sensors for chemical and biological sensing and includes a discussion on unique properties of nanoparticles of different composition, along with their basic mechanism of fluorescence, route of synthesis, and their advantages and limitations

Modelling energy consumption of network transfers and virtual machine migration

Reducing energy consumption has become a key issue for data centres, not only because of economical benefits but also for environmental and marketing reasons. Therefore, assessing their energy consumption requires precise models. In the past years, many models targeting different hardware components, such as CPU, storage and network interface cards (NIC) have been proposed. However, most of them neglect energy consumption related to VM migration. Since VM migration is a network-intensive process, to accurately model its energy consumption we also need energy models for network transfers, comprising their complete software stacks with different energy characteristics. In this work, we present a comparative analysis of the energy consumption of the software stack of two of today's most used NICs in data centres, Ethernet and Infiniband. We carefully design for this purpose a set of benchmark experiments to assess the impact of different traffic patterns and interface settings on energy consumption. Using our benchmark results, we derive an energy consumption model for network transfers. Based on this model, we propose an energy consumption model for VM migration providing accurate predictions for paravirtualised VMs running on homogeneous hosts. We present a comprehensive analysis of our model on different machine sets and compare it with other models for energy consumption of VM migration, showing an improvement of up to 24% in accuracy, according to the NRMSE error metric. © 2015 Elsevier B.V