A Study of the Effectiveness of a Youth Peace Education Program

Based on the premise that students can be active learners and change makers, rather than passive recipients of knowledge, this study evaluated the effectiveness of the peace education program, READING PEACE PALS, delivered to six-to-nine-year-olds at a Boys and Girls Club. This program infused art, literacy, and community mentorship to teach conflict resolution skills. This study assessed the program’s effectiveness by utilizing Kirkpatrick’s (2016) model for evaluating training effectiveness and statistically assessed affective, cognitive, and behavioral learning, and the results/impact of peace education to examine perceptions of impacts of youth learning on the community and society. Youth and mentors responded positively to all forms of learning, and the impact of youth learning indicated overall effectiveness. The findings have profound implication for research, training, and practice in peace education as this model program provides evidence that participants perceived that this program has positive impacts on youths’ lives, communities, and society

Urogenital dysfunction in male patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth: a systematic review

Aims Purposes of this study were to describe lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and related urodynamic patterns in patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP), and to characterize LUTS management and associated uronephrological complications. Methods We retrospectively reviewed medical files of HSP patients, consecutively followed in our Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Department between 1999 and 2016. Clinical, urodynamic, and radiological data were collected and analyzed. Different treatments which have been prescribed and uronephrological complications were also recorded. Patients with other neurological or urological diseases were excluded. Results Thirty-three patients with HSP were included. Mean duration of follow-up was 8.1 ± 5 years, mean age 62 ± 14 years, and 70% were men. The most frequent LUTS was urgency and voiding dysfunction (both 69.7%). Incontinence and retention with a significant postvoid residue above 100 mL accounted for 66.7% and 57.6% of initial symptoms respectively. Neurogenic detrusor overactivity was diagnosed in 80.7% of patients. Two-thirds of our cohort were treated with anticholinergics and 9.1% required intradetrusor botulinum-toxin injections. Only 27.3% of patients performed clean intermittent self-catheterization. Febrile urinary tract infections (21.2%), urolithiasis (15,1%), hydronephrosis (6%), and chronic renal failure (9.1%) were found. Conclusion Given their high prevalence and the risk of uronephrological complications, LUTS should be systematically assessed in HSP patients. The systematic screening of urological dysfunction in this population would improve its management, decrease the incidence of uronephrological complications, and increase the quality of life

Myxomatous mitral valve degeneration: biochemical aspects and physiopathological considerations

peer reviewedMitral valve is a complex structure which is submitted to repeated mechanical constraints. In clinical practice, an increasing incidence of mitral insufficiency resulting from myxomatous degeneration is observed. Since myxomatous degeneration is also observed in defined genetic diseases of connective tissues, we propose the hypothesis that idiopathic mitral insufficiency might result from a minor alteration of the interstitial valvular cells and/or their interactions with their support. After a brief review of the role of the extracellular matrix in the heart, some histopathological and biochemical aspects of myxomatous degeneration are presented. Our data and those of the literature will be summarized and a physiopathological hypothesis proposed for myxomatous mitral valve degeneration

Intrinsic capacity and its association with mortality over 3 years in nursing homes: Results of the SENIOR cohort

peer reviewe

Estimating the global burden of endemic canine rabies

Background: Rabies is a notoriously underreported and neglected disease of lowincome countries. This study aims to estimate the public health and economic burden of rabies circulating in domestic dog populations, globally and on a country-by-country basis, allowing an objective assessment of how much this preventable disease costs endemic countries.<p></p> Methodology/Principal Findings: We established relationships between rabies mortality and rabies prevention and control measures, which we incorporated into a model framework. We used data derived from extensive literature searches and questionnaires on disease incidence, control interventions and preventative measures within this framework to estimate the disease burden. The burden of rabies impacts on public health sector budgets, local communities and livestock economies, with the highest risk of rabies in the poorest regions of the world. This study estimates that globally canine rabies causes approximately 59,000 (95% Confidence Intervals: 25- 159,000) human deaths, over 3.7 million (95% CIs: 1.6-10.4 million) disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and 8.6 billion USD (95% CIs: 2.9-21.5 billion) economic losses annually. The largest component of the economic burden is due to premature death (55%), followed by direct costs of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP, 20%) and lost income whilst seeking PEP (15.5%), with only limited costs to the veterinary sector due to dog vaccination (1.5%), and additional costs to communities from livestock losses (6%).<p></p> Conclusions/Significance: This study demonstrates that investment in dog vaccination, the single most effective way of reducing the disease burden, has been inadequate and that the availability and affordability of PEP needs improving. Collaborative investments by medical and veterinary sectors could dramatically reduce the current large, and unnecessary, burden of rabies on affected communities. Improved surveillance is needed to reduce uncertainty in burden estimates and to monitor the impacts of control efforts.<p></p&gt

第806回 千葉医学会・第10回 歯科口腔外科例会 22.

Lack of CNS demyelination in LPS-injected Cx32 mutant mice. a-l: Images of brain sections at the level of the corpus callosum immunostained with axonal marker RT97 (green) in combination with myelin marker MBP (red) (a-f) or with myelin marker MOG (g-l) and DAPI nuclear staining (blue). There is no apparent alteration of myelin immunoreactivity in the brains of LPS-injected mice (b, d, f, h, I, l) compared to saline controls (a, c, e, g, j, k) from all three genotypes, as indicated. Scale bar: 50 Οm. m-o: Immunoblot analysis of MBP levels in brainstem tissue lysates show no significant change induced by LPS injection (LPS) compared to saline-injected mice (S) in WT (m), Cx32 KO (n) or KO T55I (o) groups as indicated. All blots were re-probed for tubulin to demonstrate the loading, and quantification of normalized MBP band intensity is shown next to each blot. (TIF 19222 kb

Protected Areas and Nature Recovery: Achieving the goal to protect 30% of UK land and seas for nature by 2030

This report from the British Ecological Society (published 22 April 2022) examines the Prime Minister’s pledge to protect 30% of UK land and seas by 2030 to support nature recovery

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Estimating the global burden of endemic canine rabies

Rabies is a fatal viral disease largely transmitted to humans from bites by infected animals —predominantly from domestic dogs. The disease is entirely preventable through prompt administration of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) to bite victims and can be controlled through mass vaccination of domestic dogs. Yet, rabies is still very prevalent in developing countries, affecting populations with limited access to health care. The disease is also grossly underreported in these areas because most victims die at home. This leads to insufficient prioritization of rabies prevention in public health agendas. To address this lack of information on the impacts of rabies, in this study, we compiled available data to provide a robust estimate of the health and economic implications of dog rabies globally. The most important impacts included: loss of human lives (approximately 59,000 annually) and productivity due to premature death from rabies, and costs of obtaining PEP once an exposure has occurred. The greatest risk of developing rabies fell upon the poorest regions of the world, where domestic dog vaccination is not widely implemented and access to PEP is most limited. A greater focus on mass dog vaccination could eliminate the disease at source, reducing the need for costly PEP and preventing the large and unnecessary burden of mortality on at-risk communities.S1 Text. Supporting bibliography.S1 Table. Estimates by country of rabies deaths, exposures, PEP use, prevented deaths, dog vaccination coverage, probability that a dog is rabid (RP), of bite victims receiving PEP (PP), DALYs, costs and 95% confidence intervals of estimates. Clusters to which countries are assigned are shown and inputs used for estimating parameters including the human development index and whetehr a country s rabies-free or endemic (RISK). Estimates of years of life lost (YLL) and DALYs (due to rabies and to adverse events from the use of nerve tissue vaccines) are shown under different assumptions (estimates under the assumption of no time discounting or age-weighting should be directly comparable to the 2010 Global Burden of Disease study).S1 Fig. Division of costs associated with rabies, prevention and control across sectors by cluster. Inset shows proportional expenditure in different clusters. Full details of countries by cluster are given in S1 Table. Asia 4 comprises: Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand (High PEP use); Asia 3 comprises Bhutan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan (Himalayan region); Asia 2 comprises Cambodia, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam and Democratic People’s Republic of Korea; SADC comprises countries in the Southern African Development Community, Eurasia comprises Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, the Russian Federation, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan.S1 Dataset. Model code and input data files including references, rationale and detail of Delphi process. The code folder contains seven R scripts: burden_model.R runs the model using data compiled in burden_1.R, after estimating parameters using: FitCovInc.R, FitPP.R, and creating Fig 2 (RabiesBurdenFig2.R). The script burden_results.R summarizes findings using the output of burden_model.R and burden_sensitivity.R runs the sensitivity analyses. The data folder contains 12 csv files called by the R code for the analyses, and one excel file (Vet. xlsx) with additional details about the data sources in vcountry2.csv and vcluster2.csv and with Delphi process estimates for dog vaccination coverage. Data sources are detailed in the relevant data sources and the details of the sources of data used in the analysis are in the supporting bibliography, S1 text.This study was funded by the UBS Optimus Foundation (http://www.ubs.com/optimusfoundation) and the Wellcome Trust (095787/Z/11/Z).http://www.plosntds.orgam201