Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Wanita Berwirausaha (Studi Kasus di Kota Langsa)

Berwirausaha tidak hanya dimiliki oleh para lelaki, tetapi wanita pun saat ini mulai tergerak untuk membuat suatu USAha yang dapat dijadikan tumpuan hidupnya. Mengingat kondisi sosial ekonomi sedang lemah serta sulitnya mencari pekerjaan di sektor pemerintahan atau pegawai negeri sipil yang membutuhkan berbagai persyaratan melalui jenjang pendidikan. Maka situasi tersebut menimbulkan semakin banyak peluang bagi wanita untuk mencari atau membentuk USAha pibadi melalui gagasan atau ketrampilan yang dimiliki dan dengan modal yang fleksibel. tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) Untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor modal(X1), kemandirian(X2), emosional(X3), dan pendidikan(X4) secara parsial terhadap wanita berwirausaha di Kota Langsa. (2) Untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor modal, kemandirian, emosional, dan pendidikan secara simultan terhadap wanita berwirausaha di Kota Langsa. Jenis data yang digunakan data kualitatif dan kuantitatif yang bersumber dari data Primer dan Sekunder. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah Pengusaha Wanita di Kota Langsa dengan jumlah sampel data yang diperoleh sebanyak 96 orang. Metode analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode regresi linier berganda, uji t dan uji F dengan persamaan regresinya yaitu MWB = 2,221 + 0,143 KM + 0,244 M - 0,005 EM + 0,152 PDD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan variabel modal berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap motivasi wanita berwirausaha, variabel kemandirian dan pendidikan berpengaruh positif tidak signifikan sedangkan variabel emosional berpengaruh negatif tidak signifikan terhadap minat wanita berwirausaha. Variabel kemandirian, modal, emosional, dan pendidikan mempengaruhi wanita berwirausaha di Kota Langsa sebesar 24,3%, sedangkan sisanya sebesar 75,7% dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor lain di luar model penelitian ini

Penggunaan Aqua Regia dan Hcl sebagai Larutan Pelindian pada Proses Pemurnian Silikon Tingkat Metalurgi dengan Variasi Ph

Efisiensi dalam proses pemurnian silikon tingkat metalurgi (MG-Si) menggunakan larutan asam HNO3+3HCl (aqua regia) dan HCl telah dilakukan dalam penelitian ini. Proses pemurnian menggunakan mekanisme pelindian dengan variasi pH = 1, pH = 2 dan pH = 3 dengan durasi pelindian 9 jam dan suhu 80 °C untuk masing-masing sampel. Dimana setiap sampel dilakukan pembilasan dengan aquades setiap 3 jam selama proses pelindian. Target pelindian yaitu untuk mengurangi unsur pengotor utama berupa Fe, Al dan Ti. Selanjutnya sampel hasil proses pelindian dikarakterisasi menggunakan Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) untuk mengetahui komposisi sampel hasil pelindian. Dari data yang dihasilkan oleh ICP kemudian dihitung efisiensi ekstraksi dan keefektifan larutan. Nilai optimum untuk efisiensi ekstraksi yaitu dengan larutan aqua regia pada pH = 3 sebesar 99,99889 % untuk unsur Ti. Kemudian nilai optimum untuk keefektifan larutan yaitu pada larutan HCl dengan pH = 1 sebesar 99,91897 %. Dengan kata lain, kedua larutan baik HCl dan aqua regia lebih efektif untuk mereduksi pengotor berupa unsur Ti, kemudian unsur Al dan terakhir unsur Fe. Sedangkan keefektifan larutan antara larutan HCl dibandingkan dengan larutan aqua regia tidak memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan

Comparing oncologic outcomes in patients undergoing surgery for oncocytic neoplasms, conventional oncocytoma, and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma

Introduction Oncocytic neoplasms are renal tumors similar to oncocytoma, but their morphologic variations preclude definitive diagnosis. This somewhat confusing diagnosis can create treatment and surveillance challenges for the treating urologist. We hypothesize that these subtle morphologic variations do not drastically affect the malignant potential of these tumors, and we sought to demonstrate this by comparing clinical outcomes of oncocytic neoplasms to those of classic oncocytoma and chromophobe. Methods We gathered demographic and outcomes data for patients with variant oncocytic tumors. Oncologic surveillance was conducted per institutional protocol in accordance with NCCN guidelines. Descriptive statistics were used to compare incidence of metastasis and death against those for patients with oncocytoma and chromophobe. Three hundred and fifty-one patients were analyzed: 164 patients with oncocytoma, 28 with oncocytic neoplasms, and 159 with chromophobe tumors. Results Median follow-up time for the entire cohort was 32.4 months, (interquartile range 9.2–70.0). Seventeen total patients (17/351, 4.9%) died during the course of the study. In patients with oncocytoma or oncocytic neoplasm, none were known to metastasize or die of their disease. Only chromophobe tumors >6 cm in size in our series demonstrated metastatic progression and approximately half of these metastasized tumors demonstrated sarcomatoid changes. Conclusion Variant oncocytic neoplasms appear to have a natural course similar to classic oncocytoma. These tumors appear to have no metastatic potential, and oncologic surveillance may not be indicated after surgery

Performance of the CMS Cathode Strip Chambers with Cosmic Rays

The Cathode Strip Chambers (CSCs) constitute the primary muon tracking device in the CMS endcaps. Their performance has been evaluated using data taken during a cosmic ray run in fall 2008. Measured noise levels are low, with the number of noisy channels well below 1%. Coordinate resolution was measured for all types of chambers, and fall in the range 47 microns to 243 microns. The efficiencies for local charged track triggers, for hit and for segments reconstruction were measured, and are above 99%. The timing resolution per layer is approximately 5 ns

Performance and Operation of the CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter

The operation and general performance of the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter using cosmic-ray muons are described. These muons were recorded after the closure of the CMS detector in late 2008. The calorimeter is made of lead tungstate crystals and the overall status of the 75848 channels corresponding to the barrel and endcap detectors is reported. The stability of crucial operational parameters, such as high voltage, temperature and electronic noise, is summarised and the performance of the light monitoring system is presented

The Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment: Exploring Fundamental Symmetries of the Universe

The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early Universe, the dynamics of the supernova bursts that produced the heavy elements necessary for life and whether protons eventually decay --- these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early evolution of our Universe, its current state and its eventual fate. The Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) represents an extensively developed plan for a world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions. LBNE is conceived around three central components: (1) a new, high-intensity neutrino source generated from a megawatt-class proton accelerator at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, (2) a near neutrino detector just downstream of the source, and (3) a massive liquid argon time-projection chamber deployed as a far detector deep underground at the Sanford Underground Research Facility. This facility, located at the site of the former Homestake Mine in Lead, South Dakota, is approximately 1,300 km from the neutrino source at Fermilab -- a distance (baseline) that delivers optimal sensitivity to neutrino charge-parity symmetry violation and mass ordering effects. This ambitious yet cost-effective design incorporates scalability and flexibility and can accommodate a variety of upgrades and contributions. With its exceptional combination of experimental configuration, technical capabilities, and potential for transformative discoveries, LBNE promises to be a vital facility for the field of particle physics worldwide, providing physicists from around the globe with opportunities to collaborate in a twenty to thirty year program of exciting science. In this document we provide a comprehensive overview of LBNE's scientific objectives, its place in the landscape of neutrino physics worldwide, the technologies it will incorporate and the capabilities it will possess.Comment: Major update of previous version. This is the reference document for LBNE science program and current status. Chapters 1, 3, and 9 provide a comprehensive overview of LBNE's scientific objectives, its place in the landscape of neutrino physics worldwide, the technologies it will incorporate and the capabilities it will possess. 288 pages, 116 figure

Global, regional, and national burden of rheumatoid arthritis, 1990–2020, and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Background Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease associated with disability and premature death. Up-to-date estimates of the burden of rheumatoid arthritis are required for health-care planning, resource allocation, and prevention. As part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021, we provide updated estimates of the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis and its associated deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) by age, sex, year, and location, with forecasted prevalence to 2050. Methods Rheumatoid arthritis prevalence was estimated in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020 using Bayesian meta-regression models and data from population-based studies and medical claims data (98 prevalence and 25 incidence studies). Mortality was estimated from vital registration data with the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm). Years of life lost (YLL) were calculated with use of standard GBD lifetables, and years lived with disability (YLDs) were estimated from prevalence, a meta-analysed distribution of rheumatoid arthritis severity, and disability weights. DALYs were calculated by summing YLLs and YLDs. Smoking was the only risk factor analysed. Rheumatoid arthritis prevalence was forecast to 2050 by logistic regression with Socio-Demographic Index as a predictor, then multiplying by projected population estimates. Findings In 2020, an estimated 17·6 million (95% uncertainty interval 15·8–20·3) people had rheumatoid arthritis worldwide. The age-standardised global prevalence rate was 208·8 cases (186·8–241·1) per 100 000 population, representing a 14·1% (12·7–15·4) increase since 1990. Prevalence was higher in females (age-standardised female-to-male prevalence ratio 2·45 [2·40–2·47]). The age-standardised death rate was 0·47 (0·41–0·54) per 100 000 population (38 300 global deaths [33 500–44 000]), a 23·8% (17·5–29·3) decrease from 1990 to 2020. The 2020 DALY count was 3 060 000 (2 320 000–3 860 000), with an age-standardised DALY rate of 36·4 (27·6–45·9) per 100 000 population. YLDs accounted for 76·4% (68·3–81·0) of DALYs. Smoking risk attribution for rheumatoid arthritis DALYs was 7·1% (3·6–10·3). We forecast that 31·7 million (25·8–39·0) individuals will be living with rheumatoid arthritis worldwide by 2050. Interpretation Rheumatoid arthritis mortality has decreased globally over the past three decades. Global age-standardised prevalence rate and YLDs have increased over the same period, and the number of cases is projected to continue to increase to the year 2050. Improved access to early diagnosis and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis globally is required to reduce the future burden of the disease.publishedVersio

Calibration of the CMS Drift Tube Chambers and Measurement of the Drift Velocity with Cosmic Rays

Peer reviewe

Alignment of the CMS silicon tracker during commissioning with cosmic rays

The CMS silicon tracker, consisting of 1440 silicon pixel and 15 148 silicon strip detector modules, has been aligned using more than three million cosmic ray charged particles, with additional information from optical surveys. The positions of the modules were determined with respect to cosmic ray trajectories to an average precision of 3-4 microns RMS in the barrel and 3-14 microns RMS in the endcap in the most sensitive coordinate. The results have been validated by several studies, including laser beam cross-checks, track fit self-consistency, track residuals in overlapping module regions, and track parameter resolution, and are compared with predictions obtained from simulation. Correlated systematic effects have been investigated. The track parameter resolutions obtained with this alignment are close to the design performance