Rainfall in the urban area and its impact on climatology and population growth

Due to the scarcity of studies linking the variability of rainfall and population growth in the capital cities of Northeastern Brazil (NEB), the purpose of this study is to evaluate the variability and multiscale interaction (annual and seasonal), and in addition, to detect their trends and the impact of urban growth. For this, monthly rainfall data between 1960 and 2020 were used. In addition, the detection of rainfall trends on annual and seasonal scales was performed using the Mann–Kendall (MK) test and compared with the phases of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). The relationship between population growth data and rainfall data for different decades was established. Results indicate that the variability of multiscale urban rainfall is directly associated with the ENSO and PDO phases, followed by the performance of rain-producing meteorological systems in the NEB. In addition, the anthropic influence is shown in the relational pattern between population growth and the variability of decennial rainfall in the capitals of the NEB. However, no capital showed a significant trend of increasing annual rainfall (as in the case of Aracaju, Maceió, and Salvador). The observed population increase in the last decades in the capitals of the NEB and the notable decreasing trend of rainfall could compromise the region’s water security. Moreover, if there is no strategic planning about water bodies, these changes in the rainfall pattern could be compromising

Rarity of monodominance in hyperdiverse Amazonian forests.

Tropical forests are known for their high diversity. Yet, forest patches do occur in the tropics where a single tree species is dominant. Such "monodominant" forests are known from all of the main tropical regions. For Amazonia, we sampled the occurrence of monodominance in a massive, basin-wide database of forest-inventory plots from the Amazon Tree Diversity Network (ATDN). Utilizing a simple defining metric of at least half of the trees ≥ 10 cm diameter belonging to one species, we found only a few occurrences of monodominance in Amazonia, and the phenomenon was not significantly linked to previously hypothesized life history traits such wood density, seed mass, ectomycorrhizal associations, or Rhizobium nodulation. In our analysis, coppicing (the formation of sprouts at the base of the tree or on roots) was the only trait significantly linked to monodominance. While at specific locales coppicing or ectomycorrhizal associations may confer a considerable advantage to a tree species and lead to its monodominance, very few species have these traits. Mining of the ATDN dataset suggests that monodominance is quite rare in Amazonia, and may be linked primarily to edaphic factors

Impactos na Saúde Associados ao Uso de Psicoestimulantes: Uma Revisão Sistemática

This article conducts a systematic review of health impacts associated with the use of psychostimulants, encompassing clinical and recreational contexts. The introduction emphasizes the relevance of the topic given the prevalence of these substances and the need to understand their comprehensive effects. The methodology employed involved an extensive literature search on platforms such as PubMed and Scopus, establishing clear inclusion/exclusion criteria, and applying rigorous assessment of the quality of selected studies. In the discussion, we explore the therapeutic benefits of these psychostimulants, highlighting their efficacy in treating conditions such as Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). However, the analysis also covers physical and mental risks, especially when these substances are used outside the medical context, demonstrating associations with cardiovascular complications and psychiatric disorders. The crucial differentiation between therapeutic and recreational use is emphasized, underscoring the importance of an individualized assessment to understand the risks and benefits associated with each usage context. The conclusion emphasizes the need for clarity in communication about the use of psychostimulants, a careful evaluation of long-term impacts, and the implementation of public health strategies sensitive to social and cultural influences. This work contributes to a comprehensive understanding of health impacts related to psychostimulants, providing valuable insights for healthcare professionals, researchers, and policymakers in managing these substances in different contexts.Este artigo realiza uma revisão sistemática dos impactos na saúde associados ao uso de psicoestimulantes, abrangendo contextos clínicos e recreativos. A introdução destaca a relevância do tema diante da prevalência dessas substâncias e da necessidade de compreender seus efeitos abrangentes. A metodologia adotada envolveu uma busca bibliográfica extensiva em bases como PubMed e Scopus, estabelecendo critérios claros de inclusão/exclusão e aplicando uma avaliação rigorosa da qualidade dos estudos selecionados. Na discussão, exploramos os benefícios terapêuticos desses psicoestimulantes, evidenciando sua eficácia no tratamento de condições como o Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH). Contudo, a análise abrange também os riscos físicos e mentais, especialmente quando essas substâncias são utilizadas fora do contexto médico, evidenciando a associação com complicações cardiovasculares e transtornos psiquiátricos. A diferenciação crucial entre o uso terapêutico e o recreativo é destacada, enfatizando a importância de uma avaliação individualizada para compreender os riscos e benefícios associados a cada contexto de uso. A conclusão ressalta a necessidade de clareza na comunicação sobre o uso de psicoestimulantes, uma avaliação cuidadosa dos impactos a longo prazo e a implementação de estratégias de saúde pública sensíveis às influências sociais e culturais. Este trabalho contribui para a compreensão abrangente dos impactos na saúde relacionados a psicoestimulantes, fornecendo insights valiosos para profissionais de saúde, pesquisadores e formuladores de políticas no manejo dessas substâncias em diferentes contextos

Measurement of the Bs0→J/ψKS0B_s^0\to J/\psi K_S^0 branching fraction

The $B_s^0\to J/\psi K_S^0$ branching fraction is measured in a data sample corresponding to 0.41$fb^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity collected with the LHCb detector at the LHC. This channel is sensitive to the penguin contributions affecting the sin2$\beta$ measurement from $B^0\to J/\psi K_S^0$ The time-integrated branching fraction is measured to be $BF(B_s^0\to J/\psi K_S^0)=(1.83\pm0.28)\times10^{-5}$. This is the most precise measurement to date

Differential branching fraction and angular analysis of the decay B0→K∗0μ+μ−

The angular distribution and differential branching fraction of the decay B 0→ K ∗0 μ + μ − are studied using a data sample, collected by the LHCb experiment in pp collisions at s√=7 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb−1. Several angular observables are measured in bins of the dimuon invariant mass squared, q 2. A first measurement of the zero-crossing point of the forward-backward asymmetry of the dimuon system is also presented. The zero-crossing point is measured to be q20=4.9±0.9GeV2/c4 , where the uncertainty is the sum of statistical and systematic uncertainties. The results are consistent with the Standard Model predictions

Opposite-side flavour tagging of B mesons at the LHCb experiment

The calibration and performance of the oppositeside flavour tagging algorithms used for the measurements of time-dependent asymmetries at the LHCb experiment are described. The algorithms have been developed using simulated events and optimized and calibrated with B + →J/ψK +, B0 →J/ψK ∗0 and B0 →D ∗− μ + νμ decay modes with 0.37 fb−1 of data collected in pp collisions at √ s = 7 TeV during the 2011 physics run. The oppositeside tagging power is determined in the B + → J/ψK + channel to be (2.10 ± 0.08 ± 0.24) %, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic

Model-independent search for CP violation in D0→K−K+π−π+ and D0→π−π+π+π− decays

A search for CP violation in the phase-space structures of D0 and View the MathML source decays to the final states K−K+π−π+ and π−π+π+π− is presented. The search is carried out with a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb−1 collected in 2011 by the LHCb experiment in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. For the K−K+π−π+ final state, the four-body phase space is divided into 32 bins, each bin with approximately 1800 decays. The p-value under the hypothesis of no CP violation is 9.1%, and in no bin is a CP asymmetry greater than 6.5% observed. The phase space of the π−π+π+π− final state is partitioned into 128 bins, each bin with approximately 2500 decays. The p-value under the hypothesis of no CP violation is 41%, and in no bin is a CP asymmetry greater than 5.5% observed. All results are consistent with the hypothesis of no CP violation at the current sensitivity

Search for the decay Bs0→D*∓π±

A search for the decay Bs0→D*∓π± is presented using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0  fb-1 of pp collisions collected by LHCb. This decay is expected to be mediated by a W-exchange diagram, with little contribution from rescattering processes, and therefore a measurement of the branching fraction will help us to understand the mechanism behind related decays such as Bs0→π+π- and Bs0→DD- . Systematic uncertainties are minimized by using B0→D*∓π± as a normalization channel. We find no evidence for a signal, and set an upper limit on the branching fraction of B(Bs0→D*∓π±)<6.1(7.8)×10-6 at 90% (95%) confidence level

Análise da eficácia da Tirzepatida como agente terapêutico para perda de peso em pacientes com Obesidade

A obesidade e o diabetes são doenças crônicas que afetam milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo, sendo consideradas epidemias crescentes. O tratamento da obesidade envolve uma abordagem multifacetada, incluindo mudanças no estilo de vida e intervenções farmacológicas. Nesse contexto, a tirzepatida, uma terapia combinada de dois medicamentos que atuam em diferentes vias metabólicas para reduzir o apetite e promover a perda de peso em pacientes com obesidade, tem se destacado como uma opção terapêutica promissora. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia e segurança da tirzepatida como agente terapêutico para perda de peso em pacientes com obesidade. Para isso, foram selecionados quatro artigos que avaliaram o uso da tirzepatida em pacientes com obesidade, publicados entre 2018 e 2023, nas bases de dados PubMed (Medline), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) e Cochrane Library. Os resultados indicam que a tirzepatida é uma terapia promissora e segura para perda de peso em pacientes com obesidade. Todos os estudos relataram perda de peso significativa em pacientes tratados com essa terapia, variando de 8,6% a 16,0% do peso corporal inicial. Além disso, a tirzepatida também apresentou efeitos benéficos em outros parâmetros metabólicos, como redução da glicemia e melhora da função hepática. Efeitos adversos foram relatados em menor frequência e gravidade em comparação com outras terapias para perda de peso. Em resumo, a tirzepatida é uma terapia combinada de dois medicamentos que tem demonstrado eficácia e segurança para a perda de peso em pacientes com obesidade, de acordo com os resultados de quatro estudos avaliados nesta pesquisa. Essa terapia pode ser uma opção terapêutica válida para pacientes com obesidade. No entanto, é importante destacar a necessidade de mais pesquisas para avaliar sua eficácia e segurança a longo prazo e sua aplicabilidade em diferentes populações. Portanto, é fundamental que o tratamento seja realizado com acompanhamento médico e que cada caso seja avaliado individualmente