A Novel Genetic Screen Identifies Modifiers of Age-Dependent Amyloid β Toxicity in the Drosophila Brain

The accumulation of amyloid β peptide (Aβ) in the brain of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients begins many years before clinical onset. Such process has been proposed to be pathogenic through the toxicity of Aβ soluble oligomers leading to synaptic dysfunction, phospho-tau aggregation and neuronal loss. Yet, a massive accumulation of Aβ can be found in approximately 30% of aged individuals with preserved cognitive function. Therefore, within the frame of the "amyloid hypothesis", compensatory mechanisms and/or additional neurotoxic or protective factors need to be considered and investigated. Here we describe a modifier genetic screen in Drosophila designed to identify genes that modulate toxicity of Aβ42 in the CNS. The expression of Aβ42 led to its accumulation in the brain and a moderate impairment of negative geotaxis at 18 days post-eclosion (d.p.e) as compared with genetic or parental controls. These flies were mated with a collection of lines carrying chromosomal deletions and negative geotaxis was assessed at 5 and 18 d.p.e. Our screen is the first to take into account all of the following features, relevant to sporadic AD: (1) pan-neuronal expression of wild-type Aβ42; (2) a quantifiable complex behavior; (3) Aβ neurotoxicity associated with progressive accumulation of the peptide; and (4) improvement or worsening of climbing ability only evident in aged animals. One hundred and ninety-nine deficiency (Df) lines accounting for ~6300 genes were analyzed. Six lines, including the deletion of 52 Drosophila genes with human orthologs, significantly modified Aβ42 neurotoxicity in 18-day-old flies. So far, we have validated CG11796 and identified CG17249 as a strong candidate (whose human orthologs are HPD and PRCC, respectively) by using RNAi or mutant hemizygous lines. PRCC encodes proline-rich protein PRCC (ppPRCC) of unknown function associated with papillary renal cell carcinoma. HPD encodes 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), a key enzyme in tyrosine degradation whose Df causes autosomal recessive Tyrosinemia type 3, characterized by mental retardation. Interestingly, lines with a partial Df of HPD ortholog showed increased intraneuronal accumulation of Aβ42 that coincided with geotaxis impairment. These previously undetected modifiers of Aβ42 neurotoxicity in Drosophila warrant further study to validate their possible role and significance in the pathogenesis of sporadic AD.Fil: Belfiori Carrasco, Lautaro Francisco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires. Fundación Instituto Leloir. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Marcora, Maria Silvina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires. Fundación Instituto Leloir. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Bocai, Nadia Irina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires. Fundación Instituto Leloir. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Ceriani, Maria Fernanda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires. Fundación Instituto Leloir. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Morelli, Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires. Fundación Instituto Leloir. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Castaño, Eduardo Miguel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires. Fundación Instituto Leloir. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires; Argentin

Recursos tecno didácticos para potenciar los desempeños de los docentes en el campo de la educación remota -Chiclayo, 2021

En el contexto vivido durante la pandemia por Covid-19, el manejo de los recursos tecno didácticos no fue utilizado correctamente, e incluso se vio como algunos docentes no empleaban estos medios de herramientas, por ello se diagnosticó y se tomó en cuenta el valor que tienen estos recursos digitales a través de una modalidad no presencial. En tal sentido, en la investigación, nos centraremos en diseñar una propuesta sobre el nivel de los desempeños de los recursos tecno didácticos. Se realizó una investigación de esta metodología de enfoque cuantitativo con una muestra de 30 docentes y en relación al tipo de la indagación esta es básica propositiva. Por otro lado, se elaboró un cuestionario sobre los mismos recursos tecno didácticos que fortalecieron los desempeños de los docentes en el campo de la educación remota que potenciaron estrategias o recursos en estudiantes. Como resultado, se observó que el mayor promedio es de 18-20 para quienes dominan dichos recursos como YouTube, kahoot y Educaplay, siendo el más bajo de 11-13 en quienes no dominan estos didácticos como canva y zoom. Finalmente, utilizamos una gran variedad de estos recursos, dando por resultado un trabajo óptimo con la facilidad de entrar y visualizar por medio de Google, archivos D, entre otros, que nos ayudaron a revisar los materiales subidos sobre estas herramientas digitales en distintas instituciones educativas en la ciudad de Chiclayo

Evaluacion de la produccion y calidad del rabanito cultivado en sustrato y sistema flotante.

43 p.El estudio tuvo por objetivo evaluar la producción y calidad del rabanito cultivado en invernadero en los sistemas hidropónicos sustrato y flotante. Se realizaron dos ensayos, en el primero se evaluaron los metodos de cultivo en sustrato y sistema flotante con dos densidades de siembra (208 y 480 plantas/m2) entre mayo y agosto de 2005. En el segundo ensayo se evaluaron nuevamente las dos densidades de siembra en sistema flotante entre agosto y septiembre de 2005. Los tratamientos se establecieron empleando un diseño completamente al azar con 4 repeticiones. La unidad experimental correspondió a una superficie de cultivo de 0,7 m2. Se midieron variables de producción (peso fresco de hipocotilos y hojas, altura de hojas y rendimiento) y calidad (diámetro de hipocotilos y contenido de NO3). En el ensayo 1, los mejores resultados dentro de las variables de producción y calidad, se obtuvieron en el sistema flotante. En el ensayo 2, el sistema flotante con menor densidad de siembra fue el que obtuvo los rabanitos de mejor calidad con respecto al sistema flotante de mayor densidad. Bajo las condiciones de cultivo de este estudio los resultados demostraron que es posible obtener una alta producción de rabanitos de calidad comercial

Determinación de patotipos de Verticillium dahliae Kleb. provenientes de las regiones olivícolas del centro y oeste de Argentina y pruebas de virulencia en algodón

La verticilosis causada por el hongo habitante de suelo Verticillium dahliae Kleb. es una enfermedad que afecta el cultivo del olivo (Olea europaea L.) y algodón (Gossypium hirsutum L.), entre otros. De acuerdo a su patogenicidad, los aislados del patógeno pueden clasificarse como patotipos defoliantes (D) y no defoliantes (ND). Los objetivos de este estudio fueron: i) determinar los patotipos de una colección de 42 aislados de V. dahliae provenientes de plantas de olivo de las provincias de Catamarca, Córdoba, La Rioja y Mendoza existente en el IPAVE-INTA Córdoba, y ii) evaluar la virulencia de ocho cepas recientemente aisladas pertenecientes a dicha colección. Se utilizó la técnica de PCR anidado para el análisis molecular de los aislados del hongo y la evaluación de la virulencia se realizó mediante inoculaciones artificiales en plantines de algodón con un diseño completamente aleatorizado. El 100 % de los aislados fueron caracterizados como ND. Dos cepas provenientes de La Rioja, dos de Catamarca y una de Mendoza, fueron significativamente más virulentas (p< 0,05) para el área bajo la curva de progreso de la enfermedad relativa, severidad media final, porcentaje de severidad media e índice de severidad.Verticillium wilt caused by the soil-borne fungus Verticillium dahliae Kleb. is a disease that affects olive (Olea europaea L.) and cotton crops, among others. According to their pathogenicity, V. dahliae isolates can be classified as defoliating (D) and non-defoliating (ND). The objectives of this study were: i) to determine the pathotypes of a collection of 42 V. dahliae isolates from olive plants in the provinces of Catamarca, Córdoba, La Rioja and Mendoza kept at IPAVE-INTA Córdoba, and (ii) to evaluate the virulence of eight recently isolated isolates belonging to this collection. Nested PCR was used for molecular analysis of the 42 fungal isolates and virulence evaluation was performed by artificial inoculations on cotton seedlings with a completely randomized design. The total of the isolates was characterized as ND. Two strains from La Rioja, two from Catamarca and one from Mendoza, were significantly more virulent (p<0.05) for the relative area under disease progress curve, final mean severity, average severity percentage and severity index.Instituto de Patología VegetalFil: Gonzalez, Valeria Mariel. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Paccioretti, Mauro Andres. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Rattalino, Donna. Universidad Nacional de Chilecito; ArgentinaFil: Taborda, R.J. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Carrasco, Franca Denise. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Catamarca; ArgentinaFil: Arias, Maria Fernanda. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Otero, Maria Laura. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Otero, Maria Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola (UFyMA); Argentin

Star formation outside the elliptical galaxy NGC2865

We have searched for young stellar complexes\ud around the elliptical galaxy NGC2865.\ud We find them in a ring of HI around the\ud galaxy. Using the Multi-Slit Imaging Spectroscopy\ud Technique (MSIS), we detected a total\ud of seven Hα emitters in the south part of\ud the tidal tail of the galaxy NGC2865. These\ud regions are young sources with stellar masses\ud in the range 4x103M⊙ to 2x106 M⊙, overlapping\ud the location of the low density intergalactic\ud HI gas, where the probability to form stars\ud is expected to be low. For one of the intergalactic\ud HII regions we estimated a solar oxygen\ud abundance, 12 + log(O/H) ∼ 8.7. Given\ud these proprieties, the regions are considered\ud young star forming regions, born in-situ from\ud a pre-enriched gas which has been removed\ud from the host galaxies in a merger event

Physical fitness, screen time and sleep habits according to obesity levels in schoolchildren: findings from the health survey of the extreme south of Chile

Obesity is a worry because it is associated with a greater burden of disease, and it has been shown to be related to the health habits and physical condition of children and adolescents. Objective: To associate physical fitness, screen time, and sleep habits with the different categories of obesity in schoolchildren from the extreme south of Chile. Methods: 583 schoolchildren were included in this cross-sectional analysis. The screen time and sleep habits were measured with the Sleep Self-Report questionnaire, while the physical fitness was assessed with the Alpha Fitness test battery. The Body Mass Index/age (BMI/age) and the Waist-to-Height ratio (WtHr) were used to define adiposity using the following categories: healthy weight/low-risk waist-to-height ratio (H/LR), healthy weight/high-risk waist-to-height ratio (H/HR), overweight/low-risk waist to height ratio (O/LR), and overweight/high-risk waist to height ratio (O/HR). Results: A considerable number of schoolchildren (23.2%) presented sleep problems, while the mean screen time was 9.3 (95% CI: 8.4; 10.1) hours/day. Schoolchildren classified as H/HR showed better physical fitness than the O/HR group but worse physical fitness than the H/LR group. Conclusions: Significant differences were evidenced in the physical fitness between the adiposity categories, which could open future lines of research concerning the characterization of the healthy weight-obese adiposity categories in children

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research