nuclei far from stability measurements with rising

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IMPACT OF FRESH AND SHEARED OIL VISCOSITY REQUIREMENTS ON THE FORMULATION OF HYDRAULIC FLUIDS

Već se godinama odabir hidrauličkih ulja obavlja na temelju ISO 3448 klasifikacije viskoznosti razvijene sredinom sedamdesetih godina, koja definira određeni broj diskontinuiranih gradacija viskoznosti na temelju minimalne i maksimalne kinematičke viskoznosti kod 40 °C. Aktivnošću ASTM-a 1997. godine uvedena je ASTM D 6080-97 klasifikacija koja uključuje nekoliko zahtjeva za viskoznošću svježeg ulja i ulja nakon smicanja. U posljednje vrijeme predložene su dvije nove postavke viskoznosti i ograničenje indeksa viskoznosti kod svježih ulja i ulja nakon smicanja kako bi se poboljšala učinkovitost opreme u usporedbi s konvencionalnim HM uljima. Definirana je maksimalna djelotvornost hidrauličke tekućine (MEHF) i National Fluid Power Association (NFPA) smjernice za odabir viskoznosti hidrauličkih tekućina. Svaki dodatni viskometrijski zahtjev za određivanje ISO gradacije viskoznosti uvodi nova ograničenja na kinematičku viskoznost i indeks viskoznosti kod formulacije. Korištenjem velikog broja mješavina temeljenih na poboljšivačima indeksa viskoznosti s različitom smičnom stabilnosti, ispitan je utjecaj ograničenja viskoznosti, uključen u MEHF i NFPA smjernice, na područje formulacije tri najčešće ISO gradacije viskoznosti. Utvrđeno je da stupanj preklapanja smjernica, takozvano "područje formulacije", ovisi o ISO gradaciji viskoznosti i smičnoj stabilnosti poboljšivača indeksa viskoznosti kojeg se razmatra. Ovaj rad pruža okvir za poboljšanu sposobnost odabira ciljeva formuliranja s obzirom na spomenute nove smjernice.For many years hydraulic oils were selected using the ISO 3448 viscosity classification. Developed in the mid-seventies, it defines a finite number of discontinuous grades based on a minimum and maximum viscosity at 40 °C. In 1997, efforts by ASTM resulted in the ASTM D 6080-97 classification that included several viscosity requirements on the fresh and sheared oil. More recently, two new sets of viscosity and VI limits on the fresh and sheared oil were proposed to provide improved equipment efficiency compared to conventional HM oils. These are the Maximum Efficiency Hydraulic Fluid definition (MEHF) and the National Fluid Power Association (NFPA) guidelines for hydraulic fluid viscosity selection. Any additional viscometric requirement to the ISO grade definition introduces new constraints on both the kinematic viscosity and VI of the formulation. Using a large number of blends based on VI Improvers having a different shear stability level, we investigated the impact of the viscosity constraints included in the MEHF and NFPA guidelines on the formulation windows of the three most common ISO grades. The degree to which the guidelines overlap, the so-called “formulation window” was found to depend on the ISO grade and shear stability of the VI Improver considered. This work provides a framework for an improved ability to select formulation targets considering these new guidelines

Induction of Innate Memory in Human Monocytes Exposed to Mixtures of Bacterial Agents and Nanoparticles

Innate memory; Macrophages; MonocytesMemoria innata; Macrófagos; MonocitosMemòria innata; Macròfags; MonòcitsWe assessed whether concomitant exposure of human monocytes to bacterial agents and different engineered nanoparticles can affect the induction of protective innate memory, an immune mechanism that affords better resistance to diverse threatening challenges. Monocytes were exposed in vitro to nanoparticles of different chemical nature, shape and size either alone or admixed with LPS, and cell activation was assessed in terms of production of inflammatory (TNFα, IL-6) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, IL-1Ra). After return to baseline conditions, cells were re-challenged with LPS and their secondary “memory” response measured. Results show that nanoparticles alone are essentially unable to generate memory, while LPS induced a tolerance memory response (less inflammatory cytokines, equal or increased anti-inflammatory cytokines). LPS-induced tolerance was not significantly affected by the presence of nanoparticles during the memory generation phase, although with substantial donor-to-donor variability. This suggests that, despite the overall lack of significant effects on LPS-induced innate memory, nanoparticles may have donor-specific effects. Thus, future nanosafety assessment and nanotherapeutic strategies will need a personalized approach in order to ensure both the safety and efficacy of nano medical compounds for individual patients.This work was supported by the EU Commission H2020 projects PANDORA (GA671881) and ENDONANO (GA 812661) (PI, DB), the Italian MIUR InterOmics Flagship projects MEMORAT and MAME (DB, PI), and the Presidential International Fellowship Program (PIFI) of the Chinese Academy of Science (2020VBA0028) (DB). Part of this work was carried out in the context of the JRC Visiting Scientist agreement no. 05/JRC.F.2/2019 (Directorate F—Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Consumer Products Safety, Nanobiotechnology Lab)

A new test (VITTORIO Test) for functional fitness assessment in rehabilitation after cardiac surgery

Cardiac Rehabilitation (CR) plays a central role in early detection of physical limitations. Traditionally exercise tolerance has been used as an indicator of overall PF. However exercise tolerance has been shown to poorly predict patients’ ability to perform daily-life activities. The goal of the present study is to evaluate a new test, named VITTORIO TEST, for assessing various component of daily activities among patients in CR after cardiac surgery. VITTORIO test consists in 8 items that assess lower and upper extremity strength and flexibility, agility, dynamic balance, aerobic capacity. 500 patients (359 males; 141 females) admitted to CR programs following cardiac surgery (349 coronary artery bypass surgery; 151 valvular surgery) were enrolled in the study. They were evaluated with an initial test (T1) (10.7±6.3 days after cardiac surgery) and a final test (T2) after a inhospital intensive training program (mean length 16.8 ± 6.6 days) consisting in stretching, large muscle group and aerobic activity, resistance exercises. Statistical analysis showed a significant improvement of all items at the end of the rehabilitation program. Old patients (>70 years) and particularly females demonstrate exercise improvement comparable to that of younger subjects especially regards lower extremity strength and aerobic capacity. VITTORIO test is inexpensive, simple and easy to perform by the patient. Through the identification and the measurement of different aspects of physical disability, it allows a personalized rehabilitation exercise program. It could be used as an outcome measure of CR programs

Spin polarized surface resonance bands in single layer Bi on Ge(1 1 1)

The spin features of surface resonance bands in single layer Bi on Ge(1 1 1) are studied by means of spin- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and inverse photoemission spectroscopy. We characterize the occupied and empty surface states of Ge(1 1 1) and show that the deposition of one monolayer of Bi on Ge(1 1 1) leads to the appearance of spin-polarized surface resonance bands. In particular, the C 3v symmetry, which Bi adatoms adopt on Ge(1 1 1), allows for the presence of Rashba-like occupied and unoccupied electronic states around the [Formula: see text] point of the Bi surface Brillouin zone with a giant spin-orbit constant [Formula: see text] eV · Å

Use and Prescription of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Older and Frail Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: A Multidisciplinary Consensus Document

In the last twelve years the clinical management of patients with atrial fibrillation has been revolutionised by the introduction of direct oral anticoagulants. Despite the large amount of evidence produced, some populations remain relatively poorly explored regarding the effectiveness and safety of direct oral anticoagulants, such as the oldest and/or frailest individuals. Frailty is clinical syndrome characterized by a reduction of functions and physiological reserves which results in individuals having higher vulnerability. While current evidence underlines a relationship between atrial fibrillation and frailty, particularly in determining a higher risk of adverse outcomes, data regarding effectiveness and safety of direct oral anticoagulants in frailty atrial fibrillation patients are still lacking, leaving uncertainty about how to guide prescription in this specific subgroup. On these premises, this multidisciplinary consensus document explains why it would be useful to integrate the clinical evaluation performed through comprehensive geriatric assessment to gather further elements to guide prescription of direct oral anticoagulants in such a high-risk group of patients

Euclid preparation. XVIII. The NISP photometric system

Euclid will be the first space mission to survey most of the extragalactic sky in the 0.95-2.02 $\mu$m range, to a 5$\sigma$ point-source median depth of 24.4 AB mag. This unique photometric data set will find wide use beyond Euclid's core science. In this paper, we present accurate computations of the Euclid Y_E, J_E and H_E passbands used by the Near-Infrared Spectrometer and Photometer (NISP), and the associated photometric system. We pay particular attention to passband variations in the field of view, accounting among others for spatially variable filter transmission, and variations of the angle of incidence on the filter substrate using optical ray tracing. The response curves' cut-on and cut-off wavelengths - and their variation in the field of view - are determined with 0.8 nm accuracy, essential for the photometric redshift accuracy required by Euclid. After computing the photometric zeropoints in the AB mag system, we present linear transformations from and to common ground-based near-infrared photometric systems, for normal stars, red and brown dwarfs, and galaxies separately. A Python tool to compute accurate magnitudes for arbitrary passbands and spectral energy distributions is provided. We discuss various factors from space weathering to material outgassing that may slowly alter Euclid's spectral response. At the absolute flux scale, the Euclid in-flight calibration program connects the NISP photometric system to Hubble Space Telescope spectrophotometric white dwarf standards; at the relative flux scale, the chromatic evolution of the response is tracked at the milli-mag level. In this way, we establish an accurate photometric system that is fully controlled throughout Euclid's lifetime.Comment: 33 pages, 25 figures, accepted for publication in A&

Supplement: "Localization and broadband follow-up of the gravitational-wave transient GW150914" (2016, ApJL, 826, L13)

This Supplement provides supporting material for Abbott et al. (2016a). We briefly summarize past electromagnetic (EM) follow-up efforts as well as the organization and policy of the current EM follow-up program. We compare the four probability sky maps produced for the gravitational-wave transient GW150914, and provide additional details of the EM follow-up observations that were performed in the different bands

Euclid preparation: XVIII. The NISP photometric system

Galaxie