Effect of the environment on the secondary metabolic profile of Tithonia diversifolia : a model for environmental metabolomics of plants

Tithonia diversifolia is an invasive weed commonly found in tropical ecosystems. In this work, we investigate the influence of different abiotic environmental factors on the plant's metabolite profile by multivariate statistical analyses of spectral data deduced by UHPLC-DAD-ESI-HRMS and NMR methods. Different plant part samples of T. diversifolia which included leaves, stems, roots, and inflorescences were collected from two Brazilian states throughout a 24-month period, along with the corresponding monthly environmental data. A metabolomic approach employing concatenated LC-MS and NMR data was utilised for the first time to study the relationships between environment and plant metabolism. A seasonal pattern was observed for the occurrence of metabolites that included sugars, sesquiterpenes lactones and phenolics in the leaf and stem parts, which can be correlated to the amount of rainfall and changes in temperature. The distribution of the metabolites in the inflorescence and root parts were mainly affected by variation of some soil nutrients such as Ca, Mg, P, K and Cu. We highlight the environment-metabolism relationship for T. diversifolia and the combined analytical approach to obtain reliable data that contributed to a holistic understanding of the influence of abiotic environmental factors on the production of metabolites in various plant parts

The influence of previous sport experiences in transfer of behaviour patterns among team sports

The present study aimed to examine how players' positional data can be used to assess the transfer of behaviour patterns among team sports (basketball, football and rugby) in early specialized and diversified sport careers. Thirty-four college students were divided into early specialization and early diversification groups, according to information provided by a questionnaire designed to obtain detailed information about their sports career. In-game derived variables were calculated based on players' positioning data, collected by GPS and processed with non-linear techniques (approximate entropy). For each positional variable (distance to both team and opponent team centroid and distance to target and opponent target) a top-10 ranking was computed based on approximate entropy values in basketball, football and rugby game performance. The results suggested that students belonging to the early diversification group are over-represented (top-10) in all positional variables regardless of sport. This trend, especially in football and rugby, confirms that it is possible that transfer of behavior patterns occurs more significantly in early diversified approach.El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo examinar cómo se pueden utilizar los datos posicionales de los jugadores para evaluar la transferencia de patrones de comportamiento entre los deportes de equipo (baloncesto, fútbol y rugby) en las carreras deportivas de especialización ó diversificación temprana. Treinta y cuatro estudiantes universitarios fueron divididos en grupos de especialización temprana ó de diversificación temprana, de acuerdo a la información proporcionada por un cuestionario diseñado para obtener información detallada acerca de su carrera deportiva. Las variables de la situación de juego, fueron calculadas en función de los datos de posicionamiento de los jugadores, obtenidos por GPS y procesados con técnicas no lineales (entropía aproximada). Para cada variable posicional (distancia de la propia equipo a su centro, y la distancia al centro del equipo contrario y la meta oponente) se calculó un ranking top-10 con en base a los valores de entropía aproximadas en el juego del baloncesto, fútbol y rugby. Los resultados sugieren que los estudiantes pertenecientes al grupo de la diversificación temprana son más representado (top-10) en todas las variables posicionales, independientemente del deporte. Esta tendencia, sobre todo en el fútbol y el rugby, confirma que es posible que la transferencia de patrones de comportamiento se produce más significativamente cuando la iniciación deportiva es direccionada a una diversificación temprana

Exploring game performance in nba playoffs

This study aimed to identify performance profiles in NBA playoffs and describe performances in the first and the last games of the series. Thirty games from the official box-scores and player-tracking data of the 2014/15 NBA playoffs were considered. A k-means cluster analysis was performed to group the players according to their game performance profiles and a discriminant analysis was conducted to identify the game-related statistics that best discriminated the groups. The first function correctly classified 64.2% of the cases and the second function classified 29.9% of the cases. The cluster analysis identified four different performance profiles and from the discriminant analysis emerged several offensive and defensive variables to classify the players in the clusters. The identified trends help to improve understanding of the game during different stages of playoffs. Coaches may use this information to better prepare their teams for different game scenarios

Manipulating the number of players and targets in team sports : small-sided games during physical education classes

This study aimed to examine the effects of players and targets number variation on technical, tactical and physiological indicators in basketball, handball and indoor football. Nine 8th grade students (age 13.3 ± 0.7 years, stature 166.8 ± 3.8 cm, body mass 55.3 ± 4.2 kg) participated in four small-sided games (SSG) for each sport. Despite the differences between the sports, similar average values for technical and tactical indicators were found in both basketball and indoor football SSG. An increase in the number of players affected the duration of unsuccessful offensive phases, the number of passes per offensive phase, successful passes per offensive phase and decreased ball possession per player. Whilst all SSG in this study imposed high physiological demands, 3-a-side games played with one target elicited the greatest responses. In conclusion, the 3-a-side SSG promoted similar technical-tactical indicators and higher physiological demands than 4-a-side SSG.Este estudio tuvo como objetivo examinar los efectos del número de jugadores y metas en la variación de los indicadores técnicos, tácticos y fisiológicos en baloncesto, balonmano y fútbol sala. Nueve estudiantes del octavo grado (edad 13.3 ± 0.7 años, estatura 166.8 ± 3.8 cm, masa corporal 55.3 ± 4.2 kg) participarón en cuatro juegos reducidos (SSG) para cada deporte. A pesar de las diferencias entre los deportes, se encontrarón valores medios similares en los indicadores técnicos y tácticos tanto en los juegos reducidos del baloncesto como en los de fútbol sala. El aumento de los jugadores ha provocado el aumento de la duración de la fase ofensiva sin éxito, número de pases por fase ofensiva, pases acertados por fase ofensiva y ha provocado una disminución de la posesión del balón por jugador. Mientras la totalidad de juegos reducidos utilizados en este estudio han impuesto un elevada demanda fisiológica, los juegos reducidos de 3x3 jugados con una meta provocaron las mayores respuestas. En conclusión, los juegos reducidos de 3x3 ha inducido valores similares en los indicadores técnico-tácticos, pero demandas fisiológicas más altas que los juegos reducidos de 4x4.Este estudo teve como objectivo analisar os efeitos do número de jogadores e dos objectivos na variação dos indicadores técnicos, tácticos e fisiológicos no basquetebol, andebol e futsal. Nove estudantes do oitavo ano (idade 13.3 ± 0.7 anos, estatura 166.8 ± 3.8 cm, massa corporal 55.3 ± 4.2 kg) participaram em quatro jogos reduzidos (SSG) para cada modalidade. Apesar das diferenças entre os desportos, foram verificados valores médios similares nos indicadores técnicos e tácticos nos jogos reduzidos de basquetebol e futsal. O aumento dos jogadores provocou o aumento da duração da fase ofensiva sem êxito, número de passes por fase ofensiva, passes certos por fase ofensiva e provocou uma diminuição da posse de bola por jogador. Enquanto a totalidade de jogos reduzidos utilizados neste estudo implicou uma elevada exigência fisiológica, os jogos reduzidos de 3X3 jogados com um objectivo provocaram as maiores respostas. Em suma, os jogos reduzidos de 3x3 induziram valores similares nos indicadores técnico-tácticos, mas exigências fisiológicas mais elevadas que os jogos reduzidos de 4X4

Non-operative treatment of complicated diverticulitis with pneumoperitoneum: a case report and review of the literature.

A doença diverticular dos cólons é uma patologia frequente no nosso meio, mais comumente encontrada nos prontos-socorros em sua forma complicada de diverticulite aguda. Há algum tempo o tratamento conservador vem ganhando espaço na condução desta complicação, inclusive nas formas avançadas. Este artigo relata um caso de uma paciente de 47 anos, apresentando quadro de diverticulite aguda complicada com pneumoperitôneo, onde foi realizado tratamento conservador com sucesso terapêutico. Apesar de existir tratamento menos agressivo do que a cirurgia aberta, como a videolaparoscopia e a punção por agulha, a abordagem cirúrgica versus tratamento conservador ainda é assunto controverso dentro das discussões clínicas.  Estudos recentes vem corroborando cada vez mais com o tratamento conservador e resseção cirúrgica eletiva.Diverticular disease of the colon is a common pathology in our environment, most commonly found in the emergency room in its complicated form of acute diverticulitis. For some time conservative treatment has been gaining space in the conduct of this complication, even in the advanced forms. This article reports a case of a 47 - year - old patient presenting with acute diverticulitis complicated with pneumoperitoneum, where conservative treatment with therapeutic success was performed. Although there is less aggressive treatment than open surgery, such as videolaparoscopy and needle puncture, the surgical approach versus conservative treatment is still a controversial subject within the clinical discussions. Recent studies are increasingly corroborating with conservative treatment and elective surgical resection

COMPLICAÇÕES CARDIOVASCULARES DA DOENÇA DE KAWASAKI: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA

Kawasaki Disease corresponds to a primary vasculitis that mainly affects preschool children, with a slight predominance of males and Asian ethnicity. It is the main vasculitis in developed countries and the 2nd in underdeveloped countries. The diagnosis is essentially clinical, characterized by the presence of fever lasting 5 days or more, associated with conjunctivitis, cervical lymphadenopathy, mucositis, changes in the extremities and rash. Treatment is essentially carried out with immunoglobulin and AAS. Diagnosis and treatment must be carried out effectively and in an ideal time in order to reduce the chance of progression to the main complication of the pathology: coronary artery aneurysm.A Doença de Kawasaki corresponde a uma vasculite primária que afeta, principalmente, crianças em idade pré-escolar, com leve predominância do sexo masculino e etnia asiática. É a principal vasculite em países desenvolvidos e a 2ª em países subdesenvolvidos. O diagnóstico é essencialmente clínico, caracterizado pela presença de febre com duração igual ou superior a 5 dias, associada a conjuntivite, linfadenopatia cervical, mucosite, alterações em extremidades e exantema. O tratamento é realizado essencialmente com imunoglobulina e AAS. O diagnóstico e o tratamento devem ser realizados de forma eficaz e em tempo ideal com o intuito de diminui a chance de evolução para principal complicação da patologia: aneurisma de artéria coronariana

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Síndrome de Chiari e Hidrossiringomielia com comprometimento neurológico: um relato de caso

A Malformação de Chiari (MC) pertence a um amplo grupo de raras deformidades estruturais da junção craniocerebelomedular. O tipo I da doença caracteriza-se pela herniação tonsilar ou amigdaliana cerebelar devido à anomalia da base do crânio e da parte superior da coluna cervical, além de a porção medial do lobo inferior do cerebelo pelo canal cervical também se protuberar através do forame magno, impedindo que o líquor flua normalmente através do canal. A real prevalência da doença é desconhecida, pois muitos pacientes com herniação cerebelar são assintomáticos e o problema agrava-se na fase adulta, com queixas de cefaleia intensa e, por vezes, parestesia. O objetivo deste estudo é relatar um caso de síndrome de Chiari (SC) em uma paciente de 53 anos, ao abordar sua apresentação clínica, diagnóstico e tratamento. Paciente do sexo feminino, 53 anos, foi admitida em um hospital da rede pública de referência se queixando de cefaleia occipital intensa e cervicalgia com irradiação da dor para os membros superiores, acompanhada de parestesia nos quatro segmentos. Relatou já sentir dor há 2 anos, mas apresentou piora do quadro clínico há 8 meses. Foi, também, observada incontinência urinária devido à dissinergia detrusora-esfincteriana por provável bexiga neurogênica. Foi, então, realizado exame de imagem de ressonância magnética (RNM) do crânio e da coluna cervical, com obtenção de sequências ponderadas em T1, T2 e STIR, nos planos sagital e transverso com contraste, o qual evidenciou leve alargamento medular, além de sinais de hidrossiringomielia difusa, com hipossinal na sequência T2 intramedular na altura de D1-D2 (coluna dorsal). Foi notada discreta herniação das tonsilas cerebelares junta ao forame magno, típica da SC, sendo, por fim, confirmado o diagnóstico. A paciente, no entanto, não apresentava hidrocefalia, mesmo com a interrupção do fluxo do líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR) para o canal vertebral. Ela encaixou- se nos parâmetros de indicação cirúrgica, sendo realizada craniotomia occipital, com acesso ao plexo coroide do quarto ventrículo do tronco encefálico com o intuito de elevar as tonsilas cerebelares baixas, herniadas no canal espinhal cervical e bloqueando o fluxo do LCR. Após a descompressão craniocervical, o curso do líquor foi restaurado e a paciente foi, por fim, encaminhada à sala de recuperação pós-operatória. A SC é uma rara doença que apresenta quadro clínico e alterações radiológicas complexas e extensas e, por vezes, o diagnóstico é retardado devido à inespecificidade dos sintomas confundidos com cervicalgias e cefaleias comuns. A hipótese diagnóstica deve ser embasada nas queixas do paciente, na anamnese minuciosa, exame clínico e nos exames de imagens, sendo a prevalência desta patologia de difícil definição e com faixas etárias distintas