Three-dimensional inversion of magnetotelluric data from the Central Andean continental margin

Magnetotelluric data were collected in the late 1990s in the Central Andes of Chile and Bolivia, with the aim to delineate the electrical conductivity distribution in the subsurface and its relations to subduction processes. In previous studies, these data were interpreted based on 2-D models. The principal result was a vast conductivity zone beneath the Altiplano high plateau at mid and lower crustal depths and a much smaller, though significant conductor associated with the Precordillera Fault System. However, there are some significant 3-D effects in the investigation area, in particular near the coast and on the eastern Altiplano. The aim of this work is to give a reinterpretation based on new 3-D inversion of these data. The 3-D inversion not only provides a better fit to the data compared to 2-D results but furthermore allows to include sites with strong telluric distortion which were ignored in previous studies. We are now able to explain anomalous phases above 90° and induction arrows pointing subparallel to the coast as observed at several sites in the Coastal Cordillera. These strongly distorted data are caused by highly conductive near-surface structures that are partly connected to the Pacific Ocean, forcing currents to flow around the sites. The lower crust beneath the Coastal Cordillera resembles a poorly conductive, nearly homogeneous half-space and is electrically unremarkable. Besides, we can now image the Precordillera conductor as a continuous, elongated feature. The volcanic arc of the Western Cordillera is highly resistive with the exception of a few conductive spots which may be associated with certain individual volcanoes or geothermal resources, respectively. The Altiplano conductor is again the dominant electrical feature in the Central Andes, indicating widespread melting of the middle and lower back-arc crust

Математическое моделирование процессов тепло- и массопереноса в условиях интенсивного локального лазерного нагрева многослойной полиметаллической пластины.

Проведено математическое моделирование процессов теплопереноса, протекающих совместно в условиях интенсивных фазовых превращений (плавление и испарение металлов) при лазерном воздействии на диметаллическую мишень. По результатам численного моделирования установлено, что мощность лазера оказывает существенное влияние на динамику процесса плавления. Показано, что испарение металла в пограничный слой пластины также может оказывать существенное влияние на характеристики теплопереноса. Установлено, что металлические пары, формируя в пристеночной области газовую смесь могут поглощать лазерное излучение и вызывать явление оптического резонанса при повышении их концентрации критического значения, другими словами, при плавлении металла возможен оптический пробой.Mathematical modeling of heat transfer processes proceeding together under conditions of intense phase transformations (melting and evaporation of metals) under laser action on a dimetallic target has been carried out. Based on the results of numerical simulation, it is established that the laser power exerts a significant influence on the dynamics of the melting process. It is shown that evaporation of metal in the boundary layer of the plate can also have a significant effect on the heat transfer characteristics. It is established that metal vapors forming a gas mixture in the near-wall region can absorb laser radiation and cause the phenomenon of optical resonance with increasing their critical concentration, in other words, when the metal melts, optical breakdown is possible

Intake of grape-derived polyphenols reduces C26 tumor growth by inhibiting angiogenesis and inducing apoptosis.

International audienc

Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development (BOND)—Iron Review

This is the fifth in the series of reviews developed as part of the Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development (BOND) program. The BOND Iron Expert Panel (I-EP) reviewed the extant knowledge regarding iron biology, public health implications, and the relative usefulness of currently available biomarkers of iron status from deficiency to overload. Approaches to assessing intake, including bioavailability, are also covered. The report also covers technical and laboratory considerations for the use of available biomarkers of iron status, and concludes with a description of research priorities along with a brief discussion of new biomarkers with potential for use across the spectrum of activities related to the study of iron in human health. The I-EP concluded that current iron biomarkers are reliable for accurately assessing many aspects of iron nutrition. However, a clear distinction is made between the relative strengths of biomarkers to assess hematological consequences of iron deficiency versus other putative functional outcomes, particularly the relationship between maternal and fetal iron status during pregnancy, birth outcomes, and infant cognitive, motor and emotional development. The I-EP also highlighted the importance of considering the confounding effects of inflammation and infection on the interpretation of iron biomarker results, as well as the impact of life stage. Finally, alternative approaches to the evaluation of the risk for nutritional iron overload at the population level are presented, because the currently designated upper limits for the biomarker generally employed (serum ferritin) may not differentiate between true iron overload and the effects of subclinical inflammation

Évaluation de l'efficacité du TAP bloc dans le cadre de l'analgésie postopératoire après prostatectomie (cœlioscopie robot et laparotomie)

TOULOUSE3-BU Santé-Centrale (315552105) / SudocSudocFranceF

Rheology Study of Silica−Zirconia Sols for Elaboration of Silica−Zirconia Nanostructured Optical Fibers by Inverse Dip Coating

International audienceThis article exposes a study of the rheological properties of silica−zirconia sols in acidic conditions, which are used for the development of nanostructured optical fibers by an original “inverse dip-coating” method. This new generation of optical fibers, which contains zirconia nanocrystals dispersed inside an amorphous pure silica core, must present a homogeneous core to allow good waveguiding properties. Thus, good control of the rheological properties of the silica−zirconia sols at its origin is needed to optimize the development process. After having described the chemical synthesis of the sols, the principle of the rheological measurement is then explained and a short reminder of a few and essential rheological notions is provided. The evolution of the rheological behavior of the sols is then studied as a function of the time and thus as a function of the polymerization advancement. Finally, in order to extend and stabilize the development process of these fibers, an estimation of the sol viscosity is done by taking into account the different viscosity designation notions that are inherent to the flow regime of the fluid