Immiscible multiphase flow in ground water hydrology: a computer analysis of the well flow problem

May 1970.Includes bibliographic references (pages 95-101).A mathematical analogue of immiscible multiphase flow in porous media is derived considering three compressible fluids -- two liquids and one gas. Isothermal conditions are assumed so that fluid properties such as compressibility, density, viscosity, and solubility of gas in the liquid are functions of fluid pressure only. A well flow computer simulator is developed by discretizing the mathematical analogue with fully implicit finite differences. A Newton iteration scheme is utilized to solve the system of non-linear difference equations. The problem solved in this study is that of free surface gravity well flow, including the effect of partial penetration. A theoretically accurate solution is obtained concluding that unconfined well flow is a multiphase flow phenomenon affecting aquifer response. The importance of capillarity, of air dissolved in water, or water compressibility, as well as the effect of the multiphase flow approach upon the shape of the free surface are discussed. Practically, it is concluded that confined well flow analyses do not apply to free surface gravity well flow problems

Atmospheric soundings during the Washita 1992 campaign

During the period June 9 through June 18, 1992, an intensive radiosounding program was conducted to measure atmospheric profiles of the wind velocity, the temperature and the specific humidity. The launch site was located near site MS000 in the northeastern part of the catchment of the Little Washita River; this location was selected in order to ensure that the measured profiles would reflect the catchment's surface features for the prevailing southwesterly winds during this time of the year. The launch times of the rawinsondes are shown

Effect of Hypoxia on Cerebrovascular and Cognitive Function During Exercise

Please refer to the pdf version of the abstract located adjacent to the title

Modelling the impact of high rise buildings in urban areas on precipitation initiation

The impact of urban areas upon precipitation distribution has been studied for many years. However, the relative importance of the distribution and type of surface morphology and urban heating remains unclear. A simple model of the surface sensible heat flux is used to explore the impact of urban heterogeneity. Sensitivity experiments are carried out to test the validity of the model, and experiments with a schematic urban morphology are used to investigate the impact of different types of building arrays. It is found that high-rise buildings over relatively small areas may have just as much impact as somewhat lower buildings covering a much larger area. The urban area produces considerable spatial variation in surface sensible heat flux. Data from a C-band radar located to the north of Greater Manchester provides evidence that convective cells may be initiated by the sensible heat flux input generated by the high-rise buildings in the city centre when the atmospheric boundary layer is unstable. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Societ

Developmental and genetic components explain enhanced pulmonary volumes of female peruvian quechua

High altitude natives have enlarged vital capacities and residual volumes (RV). Because pulmonary volumes are an indication of functionally relevant traits, such as diffusion capacity, the understanding of the factors (genetic/developmental) that influence lung volumes provides insight into the adaptive responses of highlanders. In order to test for the effect of growth and development at high altitude on lung volumes, we obtained forced vital capacities (FVC), RV, and total lung capacities (TLC) for a sample of 65 Peruvian females of mostly Quechua origins (18–34 years) who were sub‐divided into two well‐matched groups: 1) sea‐level born and raised females (BSL, n = 34) from Lima, Peru (150 m), and 2) high‐altitude born and raised females (BHA, n = 31) from Cerro de Pasco, Peru (4,338 m). To determine Quechua origins, Native American ancestry proportion (NAAP) for each individual was assessed using a panel of 70 ancestry informative markers. NAAP was similar between groups (BSL = 91.71%; BHA = 89.93%; P = 0.240), and the analysis confirmed predominantly Quechua origins. After adjusting for body size and NAAP, BHA females had significantly higher FVC (3.79 ± 0.06 l; P < 0.001), RV (0.98 ± 0.03 l; P < 0.001) and TLC (4.80 ± 0.07 l; P < 0.001) compared to BSL females (FVC = 3.33 ± 0.05 l; RV = 0.69 ± 0.03 l; TLC = 4.02 ± 0.06 l). NAAP was not associated with FVC ( P = 0.352) or TLC ( P = 0.506). However, NAAP was positively associated with RV ( P = 0.004). In summary, results indicate that developmental exposure to high altitude in females constitutes an important factor for all lung volumes, whereas both genetic and developmental factors seem to be important for RV. Am J Phys Anthropol 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/92086/1/22069_ftp.pd