814 research outputs found
Employment outcomes in people with bipolar disorder : a systematic review
Objective:
Employment outcome in bipolar disorder is an under investigated, but important area. The aim of this study was to identify the long-term employment outcomes of people with bipolar disorder.
Method:
A systematic review using the Medline, PsychInfo and Web of Science databases.
Results:
Of 1962 abstracts retrieved, 151 full text papers were read. Data were extracted from 25 papers representing a sample of 4892 people with bipolar disorder and a mean length of follow-up of 4.9 years. Seventeen studies had follow-up periods of up to 4 years and eight follow-up of 5–15 years. Most studies with samples of people with established bipolar disorder suggest approximately 40–60% of people are in employment. Studies using work functioning measures mirrored this result. Bipolar disorder appears to lead to workplace underperformance and 40–50% of people may suffer a slide in their occupational status over time. Employment levels in early bipolar disorder were higher than in more established illness.
Conclusion:
Bipolar disorder damages employment outcome in the longer term, but up to 60% of people may be in employment. Whilst further studies are necessary, the current evidence provides support for extending the early intervention paradigm to bipolar disorder
Confirmation of the Planetary Microlensing Signal and Star and Planet Mass Determinations for Event OGLE-2005-BLG-169
We present Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3)
observations of the source and lens stars for planetary microlensing event
OGLE-2005-BLG-169, which confirm the relative proper motion prediction due to
the planetary light curve signal observed for this event. This (and the
companion Keck result) provide the first confirmation of a planetary
microlensing signal, for which the deviation was only 2%. The follow-up
observations determine the flux of the planetary host star in multiple
passbands and remove light curve model ambiguity caused by sparse sampling of
part of the light curve. This leads to a precise determination of the
properties of the OGLE-2005-BLG-169Lb planetary system. Combining the
constraints from the microlensing light curve with the photometry and
astrometry of the HST/WFC3 data, we find star and planet masses of M_* = 0.69+-
0.02 M_solar and m_p = 14.1 +- 0.9 M_earth. The planetary microlens system is
located toward the Galactic bulge at a distance of D_L = 4.1 +- 0.4 kpc, and
the projected star-planet separation is a_perp = 3.5 +- 0.3 AU, corresponding
to a semi-major axis of a = 4.0 (+2.2 -0.6) AU.Comment: 21 pages, including 5 figures, published in Ap
The source of the truth bias: Heuristic processing?
People believe others are telling the truth more often than they actually are; this is called the truth bias. Surprisingly, when a speaker is judged at multiple points across their statement the truth bias declines. Previous claims argue this is evidence of a shift from (biased) heuristic processing to (reasoned) analytical processing. In four experiments we contrast the heuristic-analytic model (HAM) with alternative accounts. In Experiment 1, the decrease in truth responding was not the result of speakers appearing more deceptive, but was instead attributable to the rater's processing style. Yet contrary to HAMs, across three experiments we found the decline in bias was not related to the amount of processing time available (Experiments 1–3) or the communication channel (Experiment 2). In Experiment 4 we found support for a new account: that the bias reflects whether raters perceive the statement to be internally consistent
Antiretroviral therapy and changing patterns of HIV stigmatisation in Entebbe, Uganda
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has the potential to change processes of HIV stigmatisation. In this article, changing processes of stigmatisation among a group of people living with HIV (PLWH) on ART in Wakiso District, Uganda, are analysed using qualitative data from a study of PLWH’s self-management of HIV on ART. There were 38 respondents (20 women, 18 men) who had been taking ART for at least 1 year. They were purposefully selected from government and non-government ART providers. Two in-depth interviews were held with each participant. Processes of reduced self-stigmatisation were clearly evident, caused by the recovery of their physical appearance and support from health workers. However most participants continued to conceal their status because they anticipated stigma; for example, they feared gossip, rejection and their status being used against them. Anticipated stigma was gendered: women expressed greater fear of enacted forms of stigma such as rejection by their partner; in contrast men’s fears focused on gossip, loss of dignity and self-stigmatisation. The evidence indicates that ART has not reduced underlying structural drivers of stigmatisation, notably gender identities and inequalities, and that interventions are still required to mitigate and tackle stigmatisation, such as counselling, peer-led education and support groups that can help PLWH reconstruct alternative and more positive identities
An efficient implementation of massive neutrinos in non-linear structure formation simulations
Massive neutrinos make up a fraction of the dark matter, but due to their
large thermal velocities, cluster significantly less than cold dark matter
(CDM) on small scales. An accurate theoretical modelling of their effect during
the non-linear regime of structure formation is required in order to properly
analyse current and upcoming high-precision large-scale structure data, and
constrain the neutrino mass. Taking advantage of the fact that massive
neutrinos remain linearly clustered up to late times, this paper treats the
linear growth of neutrino overdensities in a non-linear CDM background. The
evolution of the CDM component is obtained via N-body computations. The smooth
neutrino component is evaluated from that background by solving the Boltzmann
equation linearised with respect to the neutrino overdensity. CDM and neutrinos
are simultaneously evolved in time, consistently accounting for their mutual
gravitational influence. This method avoids the issue of shot-noise inherent to
particle-based neutrino simulations, and, in contrast with standard
Fourier-space methods, properly accounts for the non-linear potential wells in
which the neutrinos evolve. Inside the most massive late-time clusters, where
the escape velocity is larger than the neutrino thermal velocity, neutrinos can
clump non-linearly, causing the method to formally break down. It is shown that
this does not affect the total matter power spectrum, which can be very
accurately computed on all relevant scales up to the present time.Comment: Version accepted by MNRAS. Implementation available at
http://github.com/downloads/sbird/fs-neutrino/kspace-neutrino-2.tar.g
Abnormal glycosylation in Joubert syndrome type 10.
BACKGROUND: The discovery of disease pathogenesis requires systematic agnostic screening of multiple homeostatic processes that may become deregulated. We illustrate this principle in the evaluation and diagnosis of a 5-year-old boy with Joubert syndrome type 10 (JBTS10). He carried the OFD1 mutation p.Gln886Lysfs*2 (NM_003611.2: c.2656del) and manifested features of Joubert syndrome.
METHODS: We integrated exome sequencing, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry analyses of plasma and cultured dermal fibroblasts glycomes, and full clinical evaluation of the proband. Analyses of cilia formation and lectin staining were performed by immunofluorescence. Measurement of cellular nucleotide sugar levels was performed with high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection. Statistical analyses utilized the Student\u27s and Fisher\u27s exact t tests.
RESULTS: Glycome analyses of plasma and cultured dermal fibroblasts identified abnormal N- and O-linked glycosylation profiles. These findings replicated in two unrelated males with OFD1 mutations. Cultured fibroblasts from affected individuals had a defect in ciliogenesis. The proband\u27s fibroblasts also had an abnormally elevated nuclear sialylation signature and increased total cellular levels of CMP-sialic acid. Ciliogenesis and each glycosylation anomaly were rescued by expression of wild-type OFD1.
CONCLUSIONS: The rescue of ciliogenesis and glycosylation upon reintroduction of WT OFD1 suggests that both contribute to the pathogenesis of JBTS10
Memories of shame experiences with others and depression symptoms: the mediating role of experiential avoidance
Background: Shame experiences have been suggested to be related with
psychopathological symptoms and with self-relevant beliefs. Recent studies also suggest
that avoidant-focused strategies (e.g., rumination, thought suppression and dissociation)
mediate the impact of shame memories and depression symptoms. However, experiential
avoidance has been found to mediate the relation between early
experience of abuse and psychopathological symptoms. Our goal was to test the
mediating effect of experiential avoidance in the relation between both the nature of
shame experiences at the hands of caregivers and the centrality of shame memories with
others, and depression symptoms.
Method: Using structural equation modelling, we assessed the frequency and nature of
recalled shame experiences at the hands of caregivers, the centrality of shame experiences
with others throughout childhood and adolescence, experiential avoidance and depression
symptomatology in 161 participants from general population.
Results: Experiential avoidance mediates the impact of shame experiences with
caregivers and depression symptoms. Experiential avoidance also mediated the
association between the centrality of shame experiences with others and depression
symptoms.
Conclusion: Our results suggest that shame memories with others do not per se impact
on depression symptoms, but rather the unwillingness to experience them and the
attempts to control them. Hence, our results emphasize the importance of addressing
affect regulation processes such as avoidance when dealing with shame memories,
particularly with patients who experience depression symptoms
Limits on the ultra-bright Fast Radio Burst population from the CHIME Pathfinder
We present results from a new incoherent-beam Fast Radio Burst (FRB) search
on the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME) Pathfinder. Its
large instantaneous field of view (FoV) and relative thermal insensitivity
allow us to probe the ultra-bright tail of the FRB distribution, and to test a
recent claim that this distribution's slope, , is quite small. A 256-input incoherent beamformer was
deployed on the CHIME Pathfinder for this purpose. If the FRB distribution were
described by a single power-law with , we would expect an FRB
detection every few days, making this the fastest survey on sky at present. We
collected 1268 hours of data, amounting to one of the largest exposures of any
FRB survey, with over 2.4\,\,10\,deg\,hrs. Having seen no
bursts, we have constrained the rate of extremely bright events to
\,sky\,day above \,220 Jy\,ms
for between 1.3 and 100\,ms, at 400--800\,MHz. The non-detection also
allows us to rule out with 95 confidence, after
marginalizing over uncertainties in the GBT rate at 700--900\,MHz, though we
show that for a cosmological population and a large dynamic range in flux
density, is brightness-dependent. Since FRBs now extend to large
enough distances that non-Euclidean effects are significant, there is still
expected to be a dearth of faint events and relative excess of bright events.
Nevertheless we have constrained the allowed number of ultra-intense FRBs.
While this does not have significant implications for deeper, large-FoV surveys
like full CHIME and APERTIF, it does have important consequences for other
wide-field, small dish experiments
Spectral estimation on a sphere in geophysics and cosmology
We address the problem of estimating the spherical-harmonic power spectrum of
a statistically isotropic scalar signal from noise-contaminated data on a
region of the unit sphere. Three different methods of spectral estimation are
considered: (i) the spherical analogue of the one-dimensional (1-D)
periodogram, (ii) the maximum likelihood method, and (iii) a spherical analogue
of the 1-D multitaper method. The periodogram exhibits strong spectral leakage,
especially for small regions of area , and is generally unsuitable
for spherical spectral analysis applications, just as it is in 1-D. The maximum
likelihood method is particularly useful in the case of nearly-whole-sphere
coverage, , and has been widely used in cosmology to estimate
the spectrum of the cosmic microwave background radiation from spacecraft
observations. The spherical multitaper method affords easy control over the
fundamental trade-off between spectral resolution and variance, and is easily
implemented regardless of the region size, requiring neither non-linear
iteration nor large-scale matrix inversion. As a result, the method is ideally
suited for most applications in geophysics, geodesy or planetary science, where
the objective is to obtain a spatially localized estimate of the spectrum of a
signal from noisy data within a pre-selected and typically small region.Comment: Submitted to the Geophysical Journal Internationa
Model independent analysis of dark matter points to a particle mass at the keV scale
We present a model independent analysis of dark matter (DM) both decoupling
ultra relativistic (UR) and non-relativistic (NR) based in the phase-space
density D = rho_{DM}/sigma^3_{DM}. We derive explicit formulas for the DM
particle mass m and for the number of ultra relativistic degrees of freedom g_d
at decoupling. We find that for DM particles decoupling UR both at local
thermal equilibrium (LTE) and out of LTE, m turns to be at the keV scale. For
example, for DM Majorana fermions decoupling at LTE the mass results m ~ 0.85
keV. For DM particles decoupling NR, sqrt{m T_d} results in the keV scale (T_d
is the decoupling temperature) and the m value is consistent with the keV
scale. In all cases, DM turns to be cold DM (CDM). Also, lower and upper bounds
on the DM annihilation cross-section for NR decoupling are derived. We evaluate
the free-streaming (Jeans') length and Jeans' mass: they result independent of
the type of DM except for the DM self-gravity dynamics. The free-streaming
length today results in the kpc range. These results are based on our
theoretical analysis, astronomical observations of dwarf spheroidal satellite
galaxies in the Milky Way and N-body numerical simulations. We analyze and
discuss the results on D from analytic approximate formulas both for linear
fluctuations and the (non-linear) spherical model and from N-body simulations
results. We obtain in this way upper bounds for the DM particle mass which all
result below the 100 keV range.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figures. Expanded version to be published in Monthly
Notices of the Royal Astronomical Societ
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