An Einstein-Bianchi system for Smooth Lattice General Relativity. II. 3+1 vacuum spacetimes

We will present a complete set of equations, in the form of an Einstein-Bianchi system, that describe the evolution of generic smooth lattices in spacetime. All 20 independent Riemann curvatures will be evolved in parallel with the leg-lengths of the lattice. We will show that the evolution equations for the curvatures forms a hyperbolic system and that the associated constraints are preserved. This work is a generalisation of our previous paper arXiv:1101.3171 on the Einstein-Bianchi system for the Schwarzschild spacetime to general 3+1 vacuum spacetimes

An ADM 3+1 formulation for Smooth Lattice General Relativity

A new hybrid scheme for numerical relativity will be presented. The scheme will employ a 3-dimensional spacelike lattice to record the 3-metric while using the standard 3+1 ADM equations to evolve the lattice. Each time step will involve three basic steps. First, the coordinate quantities such as the Riemann and extrinsic curvatures are extracted from the lattice. Second, the 3+1 ADM equations are used to evolve the coordinate data, and finally, the coordinate data is used to update the scalar data on the lattice (such as the leg lengths). The scheme will be presented only for the case of vacuum spacetime though there is no reason why it could not be extended to non-vacuum spacetimes. The scheme allows any choice for the lapse function and shift vectors. An example for the Kasner $T^3$ cosmology will be presented and it will be shown that the method has, for this simple example, zero discretisation error.Comment: 18 pages, plain TeX, 5 epsf figues, gzipped ps file also available at http://newton.maths.monash.edu.au:8000/preprints/3+1-slgr.ps.g

Feasibility Study: Social Protection in South Central Somalia

In recent years, there has been a growing recognition by policy makers and the international development community that longer-term social protection programming has the potential to reduce poverty and inequality and serve as a foundation upon which, viable livelihoods can be built. In many countries, specially those that are frequently affected by climatic and conflict hazards, this has led to calls for a shift in approach away from interventions thatsimply address the symptoms of household vulnerability towards those which deal with the causes. For more than two decades Somalia has lurched from one humanitarian crisis to another. This debate around the potential of social protection is therefore particularly acute, as years of humanitarian programming seem to have had little impact on increasing household resilience to shocks. Furthermore, the country still ranks 165 out of the 170 countries included in the UN's Human Development Index, and number one on the US Fund for Peace 'Failed State Index'.A consortium of agencies working in Somalia commissioned this study: Adeso, ACF, DRC and Save the Children. The study is intended to further the discussion on the rationale and practicalities of social protection in South Central Somalia, and to serve as a starting point for the debate around moving away from short-term responses towards longer-term social protection interventions by these agencies, and others.The report comprises six parts: Part 1 describes the political economy in South Central Somalia and highlights some key challengesfor humanitarian actors; Part 2 defines the general concept of social protection and looks at the global evidence of the impact of social protection; Part 3 looks at social protection programs in African countries (particularly those in the Somalia region), and also in fragile states; Part 4 looks at current social protection mechanisms in South Central Somalia; Part 5 describes the actions that are currently needed before humanitarian programming can become predictable, and Part 6 summarizes the way forward, including recommendations and the conclusions from the study

Genomic landscapes and clonality of de novo AML

No abstract available

The need for psychiatric treatment in the general population: the Camberwell Needs for Care Survey

Background, This paper presents the first results of a two-stage psychiatric population survey, which uses a new method of directly evaluating needs for specific psychiatric treatment and the extent to which they have been met.Method, The sample was drawn at random from the population of an area of inner south London with high levels of deprivation. Seven hundred and sixty subjects aged 18-65 completed the GHQ-28. All those scoring > 5 and half of the rest were invited to take part in the second stage, comprising measures of mental state (SCAN), social role performance (SRPS), life events and difficulties (LEDS) and a Treatment Inventory. This information was used to rate the community version of the Needs for Care Assessment (NFCAS-C).Results, In all, 408 subjects were interviewed in the second stage. The weighted 1 month prevalence of hierarchically ordered ICD-10 psychiatric disorders was 9.8 %, the 1 year prevalence 12.3 %. The equivalent prevalences for depressive episode were 3.1 % and 5.3 % respectively, while those for anxiety states were both 2.8 %. At interview nearly 10% of the population were identified as having a need for the treatment of a psychiatric condition. This rose to 10.4 % if the whole of the preceding year was assessed. Less than half of all potentially meetable needs were met. There was only partial overlap between diagnosis and an adjudged need for treatment.Conclusion. A majority of people with mental health problems do not have proper treatment; given more resources and greater public and medical awareness, most could be treated by family doctors