Observer l'impact des lignes à grande vitesse : acteurs et territoires du grand Ouest Français

International audienc

Neutralizing Aptamers from Whole-Cell SELEX Inhibit the RET Receptor Tyrosine Kinase

Targeting large transmembrane molecules, including receptor tyrosine kinases, is a major pharmacological challenge. Specific oligonucleotide ligands (aptamers) can be generated for a variety of targets through the iterative evolution of a random pool of sequences (SELEX). Nuclease-resistant aptamers that recognize the human receptor tyrosine kinase RET were obtained using RET-expressing cells as targets in a modified SELEX procedure. Remarkably, one of these aptamers blocked RET-dependent intracellular signaling pathways by interfering with receptor dimerization when the latter was induced by the physiological ligand or by an activating mutation. This strategy is generally applicable to transmembrane receptors and opens the way to targeting other members of this class of proteins that are of major biomedical importance

Clinical Judgment Versus Biomarker Prostate Cancer Gene 3: Which Is Best When Determining the Need for Repeat Prostate Biopsy?

ObjectiveTo assess the value of best clinical judgment (BCJ) and the prostate cancer gene 3 (PCA3) assay in guiding the decision to perform a repeat prostate biopsy (PBx) after a previous negative PBx.Materials and MethodsUsing the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method, 12 European urologists established recommendations (BCJ) for the appropriateness of PBx according to the prostate-specific antigen level, digital rectal examination findings, number of previous negative PBxs, prostate volume, and life expectancy, with and without consideration of the PCA3 scores. These recommendations were applied to 1024 subjects receiving placebo in the Reduction by Dutasteride of Prostate Cancer Events trial, including men with a previous negative PBx, a baseline prostate-specific antigen level of 2.5-10 ng/mL, and a PCA3 test performed before the protocol-mandated 2- and 4-year repeat PBxs. Three scenarios (ie, BCJ alone, BCJ with PCA3, and the PCA3 score alone) were tested for their ability to reduce the repeat PBx rate versus missing Gleason sum ≥7 prostate cancer (PCa).ResultsBCJ with PCA3 would have avoided 64% of repeat PBxs compared with 26% for BCJ alone and 55% for PCA3 alone (cutoff score 20). Of 55 PCa cases (Gleason sum ≥7), 13 would have been missed using BCJ alone compared with 7 using PCA3 (cutoff score 20) alone and 8 using BCJ plus PCA3. The diagnostic accuracy for Gleason sum ≥7 PCa of the BCJ with PCA3 scenario was superior to that of the other scenarios, with a negative predictive value of 99%.ConclusionApplication of the BCJ together with PCA3 testing can reduce the number of repeat PBxs while maintaining the sensitivity to detect Gleason sum ≥7 PCa

In-situ tensile tests under SEM and X-ray computed micro-tomography aimed at studying a self-healing matrix composite submitted to different thermomechanical cycles

Composites made of Ceramic for both fibres and matrix are three dimensional (3D) structured materials aimed at being used in aerospace applications. Material is submitted to mechanical stresses at high temperatures in oxidizing and corrosive environments for long durations. During thermomechanical cycles, damage, oxidation and healing-phenomenon appear and develop in the material. X-Ray Computed Micro-Tomography (μCT) and tensile test under Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) are solutions which allow an experimental study of these phenomenons. These techniques are performed for the study of the behaviour of the oxide (solid or liquid) in the crack of the material. The influence of the state of the oxide in the crack was analysed during tensile test under SEM or μCT. The observation of the crack shape allows to determine the influence of the oxide on the reclosure of the crack during the unloading

Context server on a mobile device

Da bi mobilne aplikacije lahko učinkovito nudile vse svoje storitev in jih prilagodile uporabniku, bi morale pri tem uporabiti ves kontekst uporabnika in njegove okolice. V obstoječih raziskavah to nalogo prevzema poseben kontekstni strežnik, ki skrbi za zbiranje podatkov ter posredovanje informacij aplikaciji. V primeru, da bi tak kontekstni strežnik deloval na mobilni napravi, bi bila postopoma odpravljena potreba po omenjenem sistemu. V sklopu naloge smo predlagani model kontekstnega strežnika uspešno implementirali in njegovo delovanje preizkusili s pomočjo kontekstno odvisne aplikacije, ki deluje na principu tekstovne klasifikacije uporabnikovih vnosov v spletnih iskalnikih in njegovi trenutni lokaciji. Aplikaciji omenjenih podatkov ni potrebno zajeti ročno, saj so ti ob pojavitvi novega podatka avtomatično posredovani preko kontekstnega strežnika.In order for mobile applications to efficiently offer all of their services and adjust them according to the end user, they would need to monitor all of his context and surroundings. In the existing researches this is done by a special context server which is responsible for data retrieval and transmission of information application. In the event, when the context server would work on a mobile device, the before mentioned system would gradually not be needed anymore. In the context of the thesis we have successfully implemented the proposed model of context server and tested it with a context application, which operates in the principle of text classification of user entries in the search engines and its current location. The application of this data does not need to be captured manually, since they are automatically transmitted to the server when the new data appears

Prevention and early detection of prostate cancer

This Review was sponsored and funded by the International Society of Cancer Prevention (ISCaP), the European Association of Urology (EAU), the National Cancer Institute, USA (NCI) (grant number 1R13CA171707-01), Prostate Cancer UK, Cancer Research UK (CRUK) (grant number C569/A16477), and the Association for International Cancer Research (AICR

Measuring currents, ice drift, and waves from space: the Sea Surface KInematics Multiscale monitoring (SKIM) concept

We propose a new satellite mission that uses a near-nadir Ka-band Doppler radar to measure surface currents, ice drift and ocean waves at spatial scales of 40?km and more, with snapshots at least every day for latitudes 75 to 82, and every few days otherwise. The use of incidence angles at 6 and 12 degrees allows a measurement of the directional wave spectrum which yields accurate corrections of the wave-induced bias in the current measurements. The instrument principle, algorithm for current velocity and mission performance are presented here. The proposed instrument can reveal features on tropical ocean and marginal ice zone dynamics that are inaccessible to other measurement systems, as well as a global monitoring of the ocean mesoscale that surpasses the capability of today?s nadir altimeters. Measuring ocean wave properties facilitates many applications, from wave-current interactions and air-sea fluxes to the transport and convergence of marine plastic debris and assessment of marine and coastal hazards

US Cosmic Visions: New Ideas in Dark Matter 2017: Community Report

This white paper summarizes the workshop "U.S. Cosmic Visions: New Ideas in Dark Matter" held at University of Maryland on March 23-25, 2017.Comment: 102 pages + reference