Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam dengan Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy dalam Menangani Keterasingan Seorang Lesbi di Semolowaru Surabaya

Dalam skripsi terdapat dua fokus permasalahan yang dikaji, yaitu (1) Bagaimana proses Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam dengan Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy dalam menangani keterasingan seorang lesbi? (2) Bagaimana hasil pelaksanaan Bimbingan Konseling Islam dengan Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy dalam menangani keterasingan seorang lesbi? Dalam menjawab permasalahan tersebut, penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan analisis deskriptif komparatif yaitu membandingkan data teori dengan data yang ada di lapangan. Sedangkan dalam mengumpulkan data melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi, serta peneliti turun langsung kelapangan untuk mengumpulkan data. Setelah data terkumpul, analisa dilakukan untuk mengetahui proses serta hasil dengan membandingkan kondisi konseli sebelum dan sesudah pelaksanaan konseling. Proses yang dilakukan oleh konselor yang pertama adalah identifikasi masalah, diagnosis, prognosis, selanjutnya treatment dengan langkah pertama, konselor merubah pikiran-pikiran irrasionalnya kearah yang lebih rasional. Kedua, memperbaiki cara berfikir konseli dan menyadarkan bahwa pemikiran irrasional negatif dapat dirubah menjadi positif dan ketiga, memberi alternative pemecahan masalah, dengan member tugas-tugas dalam memperbaiki perilaku negatif konseli. Setelah proses konseli selesai yaitu langkah terakhir menindakk lanjuti masalah yang dialami oleh konseli setelah dilakukannya proses konseling. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa masalah yang terjadi adalah keterasingan yang disebabkan pola pikir dan perilaku konseli yang negative. Perilaku tersebut sangat dilarang oleh norma agama. Dalam penelitian ini proses konseling yang dilaksanakan menggunakan Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy, yang mana peneliti menggunakan beberapa teknik untuk menangani masalah tersebut. Dengan pendekatan ini diharapkan konseli bisa menerima kenyataan pada perilakunya saat ini dan bisa merubah perilaku buruknya menjadi perilaku yang baik. Sedangkan hasil akhir dari proses konseling terhadap konseli dalam penelitian ini cukup berhasil yang mana hasil tersebut dapat diliihat dari adanya perubahan perilaku yang terjadi pada konseli yang sudah bisa berbaur dengan masyarakat dan meninggalkan perilaku negatifnya

Massively Parallel Arrays of Size-Controlled Metallic Nanogaps with Gap-Widths Down to the Sub-3-nm Level

Metallic nanogaps (MNGs) are fundamental components of nanoscale photonic and electronic devices. However, the lack of reproducible, high-yield fabrication methods with nanometric control over the gap-size has hindered practical applications. A patterning technique based on molecular self-assembly and physical peeling is reported here that allows the gap-width to be tuned from more than 30 nm to less than 3 nm. The ability of the technique to define sub-3-nm gaps between dissimilar metals permits the easy fabrication of molecular rectifiers, in which conductive molecules bridge metals with differing work functions. A method is further described for fabricating massively parallel nanogap arrays containing hundreds of millions of ring-shaped nanogaps, in which nanometric size control is maintained over large patterning areas of up to a square centimeter. The arrays exhibit strong plasmonic resonances under visible light illumination and act as high-performance substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, with high enhancement factors of up to 3 × 108 relative to thin gold films. The methods described here extend the range of metallic nanostructures that can be fabricated over large areas, and are likely to find many applications in molecular electronics, plasmonics, and biosensing

Near-field spectroscopy of a phonon polariton infrared metasurface

Surface Phonon Polaritons (SPhPs) can be excited in the Reststrahlen band of polar dielectrics where the dielectric function is negative. Antennas supporting SPhPs are an alternative to plasmonic resonators in the infrared, due to their reduced losses and higher field confinement. We investigate the near-field response of arrays of Silicon Carbide antennas by means of scattering scanning near field microscopy. Knowledge of the near-field response is needed for many applications requiring coupling of the antennas to other elements

Sub-nanometer thin oxide film sensing with localized surface phonon polaritons

Chemical sensing methods based on surface polaritonic resonances stem from their intense near fields and resultant sensitivity to changes in local refractive index. Polar dielectric crystals (e.g. SiC, hBN) support surface phonon polaritons (SPhPs) from the mid-infrared to terahertz range with mode volumes and quality factors exceeding the best case scenario attained by plasmonic counterparts, making them strong candidates for resonant surface-enhanced infrared spectroscopy (SEIRA). We report on the behaviour of SPhP resonances of SiC nanopillars following the incorporation of sub- and nanometric coatings of Al2O3 and ZrO2 obtained by atomic layer deposition. Concurrent anomalous red and blue-shifts of SPhP resonances were observed upon deposition of sub-nanometric Al2O3 films, with shift direction dictated by the mode position relative to the ordinary longitudinal optic (LO) phonon of Al2O3. These concurrent shifts, which are attributed to coupling to the Berreman mode of the Al2O3 layer, persist for thicker films and are correctly predicted by numerical calculations employing the measured Al2O3 permittivity. Deposition of ZrO2, whose phonon resonances are detuned from the SPhPs, also led to anomalous blue-shifts of transverse and longitudinal SPhP resonances around 900 cm-1 for films up to ≈ 1.5 nm, reversing to the canonical red-shift for thicker layers. These anomalous shifts were not reproduced numerically using the measured ZrO2 permittivity and suggest the existence of a localized surface state, which when modelled as a simple Lorentz oscillator, provide semi-quantitative agreement with experimental results. In addition, predicted shifts for thicker ZrO2 layers may thus provide a tool for real-time monitoring of ultrathin film growth

Tailored Hypersound Generation in Single Plasmonic Nanoantennas

Ultrashort laser pulses impinging on a plasmonic nanostructure trigger a highly dynamic scenario in the interplay of electronic relaxation with lattice vibrations, which can be experimentally probed via the generation of coherent phonons. In this Letter, we present studies of hypersound generation in the range of a few to tens of gigahertz on single gold plasmonic nanoantennas, which have additionally been subjected to predesigned mechanical constraints via silica bridges. Using these hybrid gold/silica nanoantennas, we demonstrate experimentally and via numerical simulations how mechanical constraints allow control over their vibrational mode spectrum. Degenerate pump–probe techniques with double modulation are performed in order to detect the small changes produced in the probe transmission by the mechanical oscillations of these single nanoantennas

Sub-nanometer Thin Oxide Film Sensing with Localized Surface Phonon Polaritons

Chemical sensing methods based on surface polaritonic resonances stem from their intense near fields and resultant sensitivity to changes in local refractive index. Polar dielectric crystals (e.g., SiC, hBN) support surface phonon polaritons (SPhPs) from the mid-infrared to terahertz range with mode volumes and quality factors exceeding the best case scenario attained by plasmonic counterparts, making them strong candidates for resonant surface-enhanced infrared spectroscopy. We report on the behavior of SPhP resonances of SiC nanopillars following the incorporation of sub-nano- and nanometric coatings of Al₂O₃ and ZrO₂ obtained by atomic layer deposition. Concurrent anomalous red- and blue-shifts of SPhP resonances were observed upon deposition of sub-nanometric Al₂O₃ films, with shift direction dictated by the mode position relative to the ordinary longitudinal optic phonon of Al₂O₃. These concurrent shifts, which are attributed to coupling to the Berreman mode of the Al₂O₃ layer, persist for thicker films and are correctly predicted by numerical calculations employing the measured Al₂O₃ permittivity. Deposition of ZrO₂, whose phonon resonances are detuned from the SPhPs, also led to anomalous blue-shifts of transverse and longitudinal SPhP resonances around 900 cm^–1 for films up to ∼1.5 nm, reversing to the canonical red-shift for thicker layers. These anomalous shifts were not reproduced numerically using the measured ZrO₂ permittivity and suggest the existence of a localized surface state, which when modeled as a simple Lorentz oscillator, provides semiquantitative agreement with experimental results. In addition, predicted shifts for thicker ZrO₂ layers may thus provide a tool for real-time monitoring of ultrathin film growth