OPCIONES DE MANEJO SOSTENIBLE DEL SUELO EN ZONAS ARIDAS: APROVECHAMIENTO DE LA HALÓFITA Salicornia bigelovii (Torr.) Y USO DE BIOFERTILIZANTES EN LA AGRICULTURA MODERNA

The study and development of plant resources in arid-saline environments is increasing. Salicornia bigelovii is a halophyte of great interest. However, the productivity of these plants is limited by nitrogen availability. An alternative to chemical fertilizers are the plant growth promoting bacteria and mycorrhizae. In the present study was evaluated the effect of Glomus intraradices, three strains of rhizobacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Azospirillum halopraeferens) and two soil types (clayey and sandy) on Salicornia under greenhouse conditions. The inoculation of bacteria under conditions of sandy soil significantly stimulated growth and nutritional factor of Salicornia (NPK). Synergism was observed between G. intraradices and rhizobacteria. When inoculated bacteria in individually form, behaved with significant differences. There was synergism between G. intraradices and Klebsiella pneumoniae and A. halopraeferens in the uptake of N, the opposite happened with G. intraradices and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens with high significant values in the absorption of P and K. The soil was a determining factor in behavior and expression of the benefit of the microorganisms. Rhizobacteria and mycorrhiza in the study have potential for use as growth promoters in salicornia

Atherosclerotic-derived endothelial cell response conducted by titanium oxide nanotubes

Atherosclerosis lesions are described by the formation of an occlusive wall-vessel plaque that can exacerbate infarctions, strokes, and even death. Furthermore, atherosclerosis damages the endothelium integrity, avoiding proper regeneration after stent implantation. Therefore, we investigate the beneficial effects of TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) in promoting the initial response of detrimental human atherosclerotic-derived endothelial cells (AThEC). We synthesized and characterized NTs on Ti6Al4V by anodization. We isolated AThEC and tested the adhesion and long-lasting proliferation activity promoted by the surfaces. Furthermore, the cytoskeleton arrangement and the modulation of focal adhesions were studied on the materials. Moreover, ultrastructural cell-surface contact at the nanoscale and membrane roughness were evaluated to explain the results. Our findings depicted improved filopodia and focal adhesions stimulated by the NTs. Similarly, the NTs harbored long-lasting proliferative metabolism after 5 days, explained by the overcoming cell-contact interactions at the nanoscale. Furthermore, the senescent activity detected in the AThEC could be mitigated by the modified membrane roughness and cellular stretch orchestrated by the NTs. Despite the dysfunctional status of the AThEC, our study brings new evidence for the potential application of nano-configured biomaterials for innovation in stent technologies

Recovering Osteoblast Functionality on TiO2 Nanotube Surfaces Under Diabetic Conditions

Benjamin Valdez-Salas,1 Sandra Castillo-Uribe,1 Ernesto Beltran-Partida,1 Mario Curiel-Alvarez,1 Oscar Perez-Landeros,1 Minerva Guerra-Balcazar,2 Nelson Cheng,3 Daniel Gonzalez-Mendoza,4 Olivia Flores-Peñaloza1 1Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Cáncer, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California, México; 2Facultad de Ingeniería, División de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, México; 3Magna International Pte Ltd, Singapore; 4Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California, MéxicoCorrespondence: Ernesto Beltran-Partida, Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Cáncer, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Blvd. Benito Juárez y Calle de la Normal, Mexicali, Baja California, C.P. 21280, México, Email [email protected]: Titanium (Ti) and its alloys (eg, Ti6Al4V) are exceptional treatments for replacing or repairing bones and damaged surrounding tissues. Although Ti-based implants exhibit excellent osteoconductive performance under healthy conditions, the effectiveness and successful clinical achievements are negatively altered in diabetic patients. Concernedly, diabetes mellitus (DM) contributes to osteoblastic dysfunctionality, altering efficient osseointegration. This work investigates the beneficial osteogenic activity conducted by nanostructured TiO2 under detrimental microenvironment conditions, simulated by human diabetic serum.Methods: We evaluated the bone-forming functional properties of osteoblasts on synthesized TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) by anodization and Ti6Al4V non-modified alloy surfaces under detrimental diabetic conditions. To simulate the detrimental environment, MC3T3E-1 preosteoblasts were cultured under human diabetic serum (DS) of two diagnosed and metabolically controlled patients. Normal human serum (HS) was used to mimic health conditions and fetal bovine serum (FBS) as the control culture environment. We characterized the matrix mineralization under the detrimental conditions on the control alloy and the NTs. Moreover, we applied immunofluorescence of osteoblasts differentiation markers on the NTs to understand the bone-expression stimulated by the biochemical medium conditions.Results: The diabetic conditions depressed the initial osteoblast growth ability, as evidenced by altered early cell adhesion and reduced proliferation. Nonetheless, after three days, the diabetic damage was suppressed by the NTs, enhancing the osteoblast activity. Therefore, the osteogenic markers of bone formation and the differentiation of osteoblasts were reactivated by the nanoconfigured surfaces. Far more importantly, collagen secretion and bone-matrix mineralization were stimulated and conducted to levels similar to those of the control of FBS conditions, in comparison to the control alloy, which was not able to reach similar levels of bone functionality than the NTs.Conclusion: Our study brings knowledge for the potential application of nanostructured biomaterials to work as an integrative platform under the detrimental metabolic status present in diabetic conditions.Graphical Abstract: Keywords: osteoblast regeneration, bone surface interactions, cellular nanomodulatio