European Regional Space Classification Regarding Smart Growth Level

The paper presented classification results including European regional space positional statistics regarding advancement and smart growth level in NUTS 2 regions. Regional smart growth covers three pillars: innovation, creativity (Knowledge Based Economy) and smart specialization illustrated by characteristics available in Eurostat data resources. These qualities constituted the basis for constructing aggregate measures for specific pillars and also for the purposes of regional classification. The results of obtained classes were assessed in an overall European space, in groups of regions distinguished in line with integration processes chronology and also in capital regions and these including the country capital, as well as in the system of Polish regions.Strategia Europa 2020, jako sukcesor Strategii Lizbońskiej, jest wizją społecznej gospodarki rynkowej dla Europy XXI wieku, obejmującą trzy powiązane priorytety: 1/ rozwój inteligentny: rozwój gospodarki opartej na wiedzy i innowacji; 2/ rozwój zrównoważony: wspieranie gospodarki efektywniej korzystającej z zasobów, bardziej przyjaznej środowisku i bardziej konkurencyjnej; 3/ rozwój sprzyjający włączeniu społecznemu: wspieranie gospodarki o wysokim poziomie zatrudnienia, zapewniającej spójność społeczną i terytorialną. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki klasyfikacji ze statystykami pozycyjnymi europejskiej przestrzeni regionalnej ze względu na stopień zaawansowania i poziom inteligentnego rozwoju w regionach szczebla NUTS 2. Rozwój inteligentny regionów uwzględnia trzy filary: innowacyjność, kreatywność (Gospodarka Oparta na Wiedzy) i inteligentną specjalizację ilustrowane charakterystykami znajdującymi się w zasobach informacyjnych Eurostatu. Cechy te stanowiły podstawę do konstrukcji miar agregatowych dla określonych filarów, a także do klasyfikacji regionów. Wyniki uzyskanych podziałów oceniono w całej europejskiej przestrzeni regionalnej, w grupach regionów wydzielonych zgodnie z chronologią procesów integracji, a także w regionach stołecznych i zawierających stolicę oraz w układzie regionów polskich

Model-based analysis for the thermal management of open-cathode proton exchange membrane fuel cell systems concerning efficiency and stability

In this work we present a dynamic, control-oriented, concentrated parameter model of an open-cathode proton exchange membrane fuel cell system for the study of stability and efficiency improvement with respect to thermal management. The system model consists of two dynamic states which are the fuel cell temperature and the liquid water saturation in the cathode catalyst layer. The control action of the system is the inlet air velocity of the cathode air flow manifold, set by the cooling fan, and the system output is the stack voltage. From the model we derive the equilibrium points and eigenvalues within a set of operating conditions and subsequently discuss stability and the possibility of efficiency improvement. The model confirms the existence of a temperature-dependent maximum power in the moderate temperature region. The stability analysis shows that the maximum power line decomposes the phase plane in two parts, namely stable and unstable equilibrium points. The model is capable of predicting the temperature of a stable steady-state voltage maximum and the simulation results serve for the design of optimal thermal management strategies.Postprint (author's final draft

A regional analysis of CAP expenditure in Austria

This paper reflects the demand for taking account of the territorial dimension in the application of Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) more comprehensively. While this has been addressed in rural development discourse to a wide extent over the last two decades and consensus for regionalized strategies is emerging, programme evaluation is in general still limited to the analysis of policy interventions at the national level. This implies that conclusions on the territorial effects of CAP are largely missing. Therefore the intention of this paper is to provide a regional analysis of CAP expenditures for pillar 1 and pillar 2, and to demonstrate and assess their actual territorial impacts, represented on the basis of the NUTS 3 region ‘Obersteiermark West’: The territorial analysis presented is an example to reduce this gap (national vs territorial) in the evaluation of CAP.CAP expenditure, regional analysis, territorial effectiveness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Q18,

The Old General Store

Non-fiction by Anita Strah

A code to unfold scintillation spectrometer polyenergetic gamma photon experimental distributions

FORTRAN code to unfold sodium iodide scintillation spectrometer polyenergetic gamma photon experimental distribution

Nitric oxide mediates metabolic functions in the bivalve Arctica islandica under hypoxia

The free radical nitric oxide (NO) is a powerful metabolic regulator in vertebrates and invertebrates. At cellular concentrations in the nanomolar range, and simultaneously reduced internal oxygen partial pressures (pO2), NO completely inhibits cytochrome-c-oxidase (CytOx) activity and hence mitochondrial- and whole-tissue respiration. The infaunal clam Arctica islandica regulates pO2 of hemolymph and mantle cavity water to mean values of <5 kPa, even in a completely oxygen-saturated environment of 21 kPa. These low internal pO2 values support a longer NO lifespan and NO accumulation in the body fluids and can thus trigger a depression of metabolic rate in the clams. Measurable amounts of NO formation were detected in hemocyte cells (~110 pmol NO 100−1 hemocytes h-1 at 6 kPa), which was not prevented in the presence of the NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME, and in the gill filaments of A. islandica. Adding a NO donor to intact gills and tissue homogenate significantly inhibited gill respiration and CytOx activity below 10 kPa. Meanwhile, the addition of the NO-oxidation product nitrite did not affect metabolic rates. The high nitrite levels found in the hemolymph of experimental mussels under anoxia do not indicate cellular NO production, but could be an indication of nitrate reduction by facultative anaerobic bacteria associated with tissue and/or hemolymph biofilms. Our results suggest that NO plays an important role in the initiation of metabolic depression during self-induced burrowing and shell closure of A. islandica. Furthermore, NO appears to reduce mitochondrial oxygen radical formation during surfacing and cellular reoxygenation after prolonged periods of hypoxia and anoxia