Effectiveness of third-class biologic treatment in crohn’s disease : A multi-center retrospective cohort study

Publisher Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Background: Multiple studies have described the effectiveness of ustekinumab (UST) and vedolizumab (VDZ) in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) failing anti-Tumor necrosis factors (TNFs); however, the effectiveness of VDZ or UST as a third-class biologic has not yet been described. Aims and Methods: In this retrospective multicenter cohort study, we aimed to investigate the effectiveness of VDZ and UST as a third-class biologic in patients with CD. Results: Two-hundred and four patients were included; 156/204 (76%) patients received VDZ as a second-and UST as a third-class therapy (group A); the remaining 48/204 (24%) patients received UST as a second-and VDZ as a third-class therapy (group B). At week 16–22, 87/156 (55.5%) patients and 27/48 (56.2%) in groups A and B, respectively, responded to treatment (p = 0.9); 41/156 (26.2%) and 15/48 (31.2%) were in clinical remission (p = 0.5). At week 52; 89/103 (86%) patients and 25/29 (86.2%) of the patients with available data had responded to third-class treatment in groups A and B, respectively (p = 0.9); 31/103 (30%) and 47/29 (24.1%) were in clinical remission (p = 0.5). Conclusion: Third-class biological therapy was effective in more than half of the patients with CD. No differences in effectiveness were detected between the use of VDZ and UST as a third-class agent.Peer reviewe

Effectiveness of third-class biologic treatment in Crohn's disease : a multi-center retrospective cohort study

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Guidelines and Recommendations on Yeast Cell Death Nomenclature

Elucidating the biology of yeast in its full complexity has major implications for science, medicine and industry. One of the most critical processes determining yeast life and physiology is cellular demise. However, the investigation of yeast cell death is a relatively young field, and a widely accepted set of concepts and terms is still missing. Here, we propose unified criteria for the definition of accidental, regulated, and programmed forms of cell death in yeast based on a series of morphological and biochemical criteria. Specifically, we provide consensus guidelines on the differential definition of terms including apoptosis, regulated necrosis, and autophagic cell death, as we refer to additional cell death routines that are relevant for the biology of (at least some species of) yeast. As this area of investigation advances rapidly, changes and extensions to this set of recommendations will be implemented in the years to come. Nonetheless, we strongly encourage the authors, reviewers and editors of scientific articles to adopt these collective standards in order to establish an accurate framework for yeast cell death research and, ultimately, to accelerate the progress of this vibrant field of research

Guidelines and recommendations on yeast cell death nomenclature

Elucidating the biology of yeast in its full complexity has major implications for science, medicine and industry. One of the most critical processes determining yeast life and physiology is cel-lular demise. However, the investigation of yeast cell death is a relatively young field, and a widely accepted set of concepts and terms is still missing. Here, we propose unified criteria for the defi-nition of accidental, regulated, and programmed forms of cell death in yeast based on a series of morphological and biochemical criteria. Specifically, we provide consensus guidelines on the differ-ential definition of terms including apoptosis, regulated necrosis, and autophagic cell death, as we refer to additional cell death rou-tines that are relevant for the biology of (at least some species of) yeast. As this area of investigation advances rapidly, changes and extensions to this set of recommendations will be implemented in the years to come. Nonetheless, we strongly encourage the au-thors, reviewers and editors of scientific articles to adopt these collective standards in order to establish an accurate framework for yeast cell death research and, ultimately, to accelerate the pro-gress of this vibrant field of research

Comparaisons multiples pour les microarrays

Les technologies de haut débit (imagerie médicale, détection de sources en astrophysique, transactions commerciales électroniques et biopuces) produisent des masses importantes de données.Les questions posées amènent à une problématique de tests multiples avec plus de mille voire plus d’un million de tests simultanés. Cet article présente une partie des résultats nouveaux obtenus depuis 1995 sur ce sujet, et s’attache en particulier `a l’estimation et au contrôle du False Discovery Rate (FDR), au FDR local et aux modèles de mélange sur les probabilités critiques. Le problème est posé dans le cadre de l’analyse des données issues du transcriptome mais les méthodes sont générales

Comparaisons multiples pour les microarrays

Les technologies de haut débit (imagerie médicale, détection de sources en astrophysique, transactions commerciales électroniques et biopuces) produisent des masses importantes de données.Les questions posées amènent à une problématique de tests multiples avec plus de mille voire plus d’un million de tests simultanés. Cet article présente une partie des résultats nouveaux obtenus depuis 1995 sur ce sujet, et s’attache en particulier `a l’estimation et au contrôle du False Discovery Rate (FDR), au FDR local et aux modèles de mélange sur les probabilités critiques. Le problème est posé dans le cadre de l’analyse des données issues du transcriptome mais les méthodes sont générales

Blood pressure target in anaesthesia and intensive care

International audienceBlood pressure is subject to constant autoregulation in order to maintain values that are ``adapted `` to the body's needs. This depends on different mechanisms acting at different levels and in different time frames. The blood pressure targets are varied due to the patient's condition, the type of surgery considered in anaesthesia and the aetiology of shock in intensive care. In non-cardiac surgery, an ``absolute `` threshold of MAP lower than 60-70 mmHg, SAP lower than 90 mmHg and higher than 160 mmHg would be associated with postoperative complications. The individualisation of blood pressure objectives by targeting a preoperative reference value seems to be a relevant practice from a pathophysiological point of view but needs to be further studied. In cardiac surgery, it does not seem appropriate to maintain a high MAP target during extracorporeal circulation, while not exceeding a SAP of 140 mmHg. During cardiogenic shock, evidences allow us to position ourselves on an early use of catecholamines with a target MAP > 70 mmHg. During septic shock, it is advisable to target a MAP > 65 mmHg according to the latest recommendations. During haemorrhagic shock, fluid resuscitation should be limited with early use of vasopressors if necessary in case of threatening arterial hypotension (SAP < 80 mmHg and/or MAP < 60 mmHg). In cases of severe traumatic brain injury, a cerebral perfusion pressure higher than 60-70 mmHg should be maintained

Prediction of euclidean distances with discrete and continuous outcomes

The objective of this paper is first to predict generalized Euclidean distances in the context of discrete and quantitative variables and then to derive their statistical properties. We first consider the simultaneous modelling of discrete and continuous random variables with covariates and obtain the likelihood. We derive an important property useful for its practical maximization. We then study the prediction of any Euclidean distances and its statistical proprieties, especially for the Mahalanobis distance. The quality of distance estimation is analyzed through simulations. This results are-applied to our motivating example: the official distinction procedure of rapeseed varieties

Risk factors and determinants of intraoperative hyperlactatemia in major non-cardiac surgery

International audienc