8 research outputs found
Reactive and inhibiting species in the electrocatalytic oxidation of glycerol on gold : A study combining in-situ visible reflectance and ATR-SEIRAS
Acknowledgements: The support of the Leverhulme Trust through the Doctoral Scholarship Scheme [DS-2017-073] is gratefully acknowledged.Peer reviewedPostprin
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Broadening Participation in Biology Education Research: Engaging Community College Students and Faculty
Nearly half of all undergraduates are enrolled at community colleges (CCs), including the majority of U.S. students who represent groups underserved in the sciences. Yet only a small minority of studies published in discipline-based education research journals address CC biology students, faculty, courses, or authors. This marked underrepresentation of CC biology education research (BER) limits the availability of evidence that could be used to increase CC student success in biology programs. To address this issue, a diverse group of stakeholders convened at the Building Capacity for Biology Education Research at Community Colleges meeting to discuss how to increase the prevalence of CC BER and foster participation of CC faculty as BER collaborators and authors. The group identified characteristics of CCs that make them excellent environments for studying biology teaching and learning, including student diversity and institutional cultures that prioritize teaching, learning, and assessment. The group also identified constraints likely to impede BER at CCs: limited time, resources, support, and incentives, as well as misalignment between doing research and CC faculty identities as teachers. The meeting culminated with proposing strategies for faculty, administrators, journal editors, scientific societies, and funding agencies to better support CC BER
HighâVoltage Instability of Vinylene Carbonate (VC): Impact of Formed PolyâVC on Interphases and Toxicity
Abstract Full exhaustion in specific energy/energy density of stateâofâtheâart LiNixCoyMnzO2 (NCM)âbased Liâion batteries (LIB) is currently limited for reasons of NCM stability by upper cutâoff voltages (UCV) below 4.3 V. At higher UCV, structural decomposition triggers electrode crosstalk in the course of enhanced transition metal dissolution and leads to severe specific capacity/energy fade; in the worst case to a sudden death phenomenon (rollâover failure). The additive lithium difluorophosphate (LiDFP) is known to suppress this by scavenging dissolved metals, but at the cost of enhanced toxicity due to the formation of organofluorophosphates (OFPs). Addition of filmâforming electrolyte additives like vinylene carbonate (VC) can intrinsically decrease OFP formation in thermally aged LiDFPâcontaining electrolytes, though the benefit of this dualâadditive approach can be questioned at higher UCVs. In this work, VC is shown to decrease the formation of potentially toxic OFPs within the electrolyte during cycling at conventional UCVs but triggers OFP formation at higher UCVs. The electrolyte contains soluble VCâpolymerization products. These products are formed at the cathode during VC oxidation (and are found within the cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI), suggesting an OFP electrode crosstalk of VC decomposition species, as the OFPâprecursor molecules are shown to be formed at the anode
Novel bone cancer drugs: investigational agents and control paradigms for primary bone sarcomas (Ewing's sarcoma and osteosarcoma)
Carbapenems: Past, Present, and Future âż
In this review, we summarize the current âstate of the artâ of carbapenem antibiotics and their role in our antimicrobial armamentarium. Among the ÎČ-lactams currently available, carbapenems are unique because they are relatively resistant to hydrolysis by most ÎČ-lactamases, in some cases act as âslow substratesâ or inhibitors of ÎČ-lactamases, and still target penicillin binding proteins. This âvalue-added featureâ of inhibiting ÎČ-lactamases serves as a major rationale for expansion of this class of ÎČ-lactams. We describe the initial discovery and development of the carbapenem family of ÎČ-lactams. Of the early carbapenems evaluated, thienamycin demonstrated the greatest antimicrobial activity and became the parent compound for all subsequent carbapenems. To date, more than 80 compounds with mostly improved antimicrobial properties, compared to those of thienamycin, are described in the literature. We also highlight important features of the carbapenems that are presently in clinical use: imipenem-cilastatin, meropenem, ertapenem, doripenem, panipenem-betamipron, and biapenem. In closing, we emphasize some major challenges and urge the medicinal chemist to continue development of these versatile and potent compounds, as they have served us well for more than 3 decades