26 research outputs found

    Embedding equality, diversity and inclusion in usability testing: recommendations and a research agenda

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    Technologies support our everyday lives, and to ensure that people are not routinely excluded they must be usable by the wider population. However, technologies are not commonly tested with participants from a range of backgrounds. This paper reports on interviews and roundtable discussions with people whose identities can be underrepresented in usability testing and usability researchers to discuss how equality, diversity and inclusion (EDI) can be embedded in usability testing.Key findings include (1) when people participate in research they need a sense of value, trust and agency, and (2) challenges for researchers for embedding EDI in usability testing include organisational pressures, stakeholder culture, getting guidance and recruiting who you need. Recommendations are made to researchers, and to the organisations that employ them. Additionally, we propose a research agenda for a community of users, creators of services and products, usability researchers, and all those advocating for EDI in usability research

    Validation of a method to partition the base deficit in meningococcal sepsis: a retrospective study

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    INTRODUCTION: The base deficit is a useful tool for quantifying total acid–base derangement, but cannot differentiate between various aetiologies. The Stewart–Fencl equations for strong ions and albumin have recently been abbreviated; we hypothesised that the abbreviated equations could be applied to the base deficit, thus partitioning this parameter into three components (the residual being the contribution from unmeasured anions). METHODS: The two abbreviated equations were applied retrospectively to blood gas and chemistry results in 374 samples from a cohort of 60 children with meningococcal septic shock (mean pH 7.31, mean base deficit -7.4 meq/L). Partitioning required the simultaneous measurement of plasma sodium, chloride, albumin and blood gas analysis. RESULTS: After partitioning for the effect of chloride and albumin, the residual base deficit was closely associated with unmeasured anions derived from the full Stewart–Fencl equations (r(2 )= 0.83, y = 1.99 – 0.87x, standard error of the estimate = 2.29 meq/L). Hypoalbuminaemia was a common finding; partitioning revealed that this produced a relatively consistent alkalinising effect on the base deficit (effect +2.9 ± 2.2 meq/L (mean ± SD)). The chloride effect was variable, producing both acidification and alkalinisation in approximately equal proportions (50% and 43%, respectively); furthermore the magnitude of this effect was substantial in some patients (SD ± 5.0 meq/L). CONCLUSION: It is now possible to partition the base deficit at the bedside with enough accuracy to permit clinical use. This provides valuable information on the aetiology of acid–base disturbance when applied to a cohort of children with meningococcal sepsis

    Observation of proton-tagged, central (semi)exclusive production of high-mass lepton pairs in pp collisions at 13 TeV with the CMS-TOTEM precision proton spectrometer

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    The process pp -> pl(+)l(-)p(()*()), with l(+)l(-) a muon or an electron pair produced at midrapidity with mass larger than 110 GeV, has been observed for the first time at the LHC in pp collisions at root s = 13 TeV. One of the two scattered protons is measured in the CMS-TOTEM precision proton spectrometer (CT-PPS), which operated for the first time in 2016. The second proton either remains intact or is excited and then dissociates into a low-mass state p*, which is undetected. The measurement is based on an integrated luminosity of 9.4 fb(-1) collected during standard, high-luminosity LHC operation. A total of 12 mu(+)/mu(-) and 8 e(+)e(-) pairs with m(l(+)l(-)) > 110 GeV, and matching forward proton kinematics, are observed, with expected backgrounds of 1.49 +/- 0.07 (stat) +/- 0.53 (syst) and 2.36 +/- 0.09 (stat) +/- 0.47(syst), respectively. This corresponds to an excess of more than five standard deviations over the expected background. The present result constitutes the first observation of proton-tagged gamma gamma collisions at the electroweak scale. This measurement also demonstrates that CT-PPS performs according to the design specifications.Peer reviewe

    Observation of a new boson at a mass of 125 GeV with the CMS experiment at the LHC

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    Measurement of single-diffractive dijet production in proton-proton collisions at root s=8 TeV with the CMS and TOTEM experiments

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    A Publisher's Erratum to this article was published on 03 May 2021. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-08863-wPeer reviewe

    Measurement of single-diffractive dijet production in proton–proton collisions at s=8 TeV\sqrt{s} = 8\,\text {Te}\text {V} with the CMS and TOTEM experiments

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    Measurements are presented of the single-diffractive dijet cross section and the diffractive cross section as a function of the proton fractional momentum loss Ο Ο and the four-momentum transfer squared t. Both processes p p → p X p p → p X and p p → X p p p → X p , i.e. with the proton scattering to either side of the interaction point, are measured, where X X includes at least two jets; the results of the two processes are averaged. The analyses are based on data collected simultaneously with the CMS and TOTEM detectors at the LHC in proton–proton collisions at s √ =8TeV s=8TeV during a dedicated run with ÎČ âˆ— =90m ÎČ∗=90m at low instantaneous luminosity and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 37.5nb −1 37.5nb−1 . The single-diffractive dijet cross section σ p X jj σjj p X , in the kinematic region Ο<0.1 Ο<0.1 , 0.03<|t|<1GeV 2 0.03<|t|<1GeV2 , with at least two jets with transverse momentum p T >40GeV pT>40GeV , and pseudorapidity |η|<4.4 |η|<4.4 , is 21.7±0.9(stat) +3.0 −3.3 (syst)±0.9(lumi)nb 21.7±0.9(stat)−3.3+3.0(syst)±0.9(lumi)nb . The ratio of the single-diffractive to inclusive dijet yields, normalised per unit of Ο Ο , is presented as a function of x, the longitudinal momentum fraction of the proton carried by the struck parton. The ratio in the kinematic region defined above, for x values in the range −2.9≀log 10 x≀−1.6 −2.9≀log10⁥x≀−1.6 , is R=(σ p X jj /ΔΟ)/σ jj =0.025±0.001(stat)±0.003(syst) R=(σjj p X /ΔΟ)/σjj=0.025±0.001(stat)±0.003(syst) , where σ p X jj σjj p X and σ jj σjj are the single-diffractive and inclusive dijet cross sections, respectively. The results are compared with predictions from models of diffractive and nondiffractive interactions. Monte Carlo predictions based on the HERA diffractive parton distribution functions agree well with the data when corrected for the effect of soft rescattering between the spectator partons

    Erratum to: Measurement of single-diffractive dijet production in proton–proton collisions at s=8 TeV\sqrt{s} = 8\,\text {Te}\text {V} with the CMS and TOTEM experiments

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    Scatter plots showing relationship between Stewart–Fencl derived unmeasured anions and base deficit

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    <p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Validation of a method to partition the base deficit in meningococcal sepsis: a retrospective study"</p><p>Critical Care 2005;9(4):R464-R470.</p><p>Published online 8 Jul 2005</p><p>PMCID:PMC1269470.</p><p>Copyright © 2005 O'Dell et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</p> unpartitioned (total) base deficit and partitioned (unmeasured anion fraction) base deficit

    Observation of proton-tagged, central (semi)exclusive production of high-mass lepton pairs in pp collisions at 13 TeV with the CMS-TOTEM precision proton spectrometer

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