Microstructural description of ion exchange membranes: The effect of PPy-based modification

Properties of ion exchange membranes (IEMs) both cationic and anionic were widely analysed before and after chemical. The modification aims to reduce the crossover phenomena typically observed in RFBs by incorporating polypyrrole (PPy) at the inner of commercial IEMs. In this work, we have explored the insight of membranes by structural and generalized conductivity considerations and its implications in terms of physicochemical characteristics. Transport Structural Parameters (TSP) have been obtained from the electrolyte concentration dependencies (NaCl, in this work). AEMs successfully increased their specific conductivity (between 2.5 and 3.9 times) whereas CEMs slightly decreased (between 1.3 and 2 times). This approach was useful for the description of membrane electro-transport by using the so-called two-phase model which considers an IEM as an heterophase system (particularly, gel and interstitial phase) and their arrangement. AEMs almost doubled increased whereas CEMs doubled decreased their internal microphase arrangement in terms of structural parameter (α). A modification of the established model was applied to the CEMs to better understand their specific behaviour after polymerization. Up to 3.5 times the diffusion coefficient was obtained in AEMs after PPy modification. Finally, based on TSP obtained we propose a microstructural description for the IEMs studied in this workThis work has been funded by the European Union under the HIGREEW project, Affordable High-performance Green Redox Flow batteries (Grant agreement no. 875613) H2020: LC-BAT-4-2019, by the Spanish Ministry of Economy PID 2020-116712RBC21 and Madrid Regional Research Council (CAM) grant. n. P2018/EMT-4344 BIOTRESC

DFT calculation, a practical tool to predict the electrochemical behaviour of organic electrolytes in aqueous redox flow batteries

Herein, a computational predictive tool for redox flow batteries based on NBO and ADCH charge distribution studies is presented and supported by experimental evidence. Using highly water soluble (>2 M) non-planar 2,2′ - bipyridinium salts as a case of study, this work presents a DFT protocol that successfully predicts the stability and forecasts their potential application as active materials for Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries (AORFB). An initial theoretical-experimental characterization of selected bipyridines served to determine the effect of the ring size, geometry, and electron density on the physico-chemical properties of the materials. Nonetheless, the NBO and ADCH charge analyses were essential tools to understand the stability of the reduced species in terms of electronic delocalization and the importance of the molecular design on the stability of electrolyte for AORFB. Based on these results, the cell performance of seven-membered 2,2′ -bypiridinium salt, (2), and m-Me substituted homologous, (4), were compared. The significantly lower capacity decay rendered by compound 4 based electrolyte, (0.35%/cycle) compared with compound 2 based electrolyte, (0.71%/cycle) was in good agreement with the predicted stability. The aim of this work is to highlight the powerful synergy between DFT calculations and organic chemistry in predicting the behaviour of different negolytesThis work has been funded by the European Union under the HIGREEW project, Affordable High-performance Green Redox Flow batteries (Grant agreement no. 875613). H2020: LC-BAT-4-2019. A.C. Lopes acknowledges the Ramon y Cajal (RYC2021-032277-I) research fellowship, the financial support from Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion ´ / AEI /10.13039/501100011033 and from European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR. We also thank the CCC-UAM (Graforr project) for allocation of computer tim

Sensibilidad del test de valoración de la resistencia específica en el fútbol (TVREF) para evaluar la influencia del entrenamiento de pretemporada en la resistencia y capacidad aeróbica de futbolistas profesionales

El test TVREF ha sido utilizado en diferentes estudios científicos sobre valoración de la condición física en fútbol. Ninguno de ellos ha comprobado la sensibilidad de este test a los efectos del entrenamiento en fútbol, comparándolo con los resultados de un test continuo. 24 futbolistas de 1ª División participaron en el estudio, siendo evaluados al inicio y final de una pretemporada de entrenamiento mediante 2 tests de campo (TVREF y Course Navette) para valorar la velocidad aeróbica máxima (VAM) y otros parámetros de resistencia aeróbica (umbral anaeróbico interválico y capacidad de recuperación en el TVREF). La VAM mejoró 0.5 km/h en el TVREF (p<0.05), pero no en el Course Navette (0.1 km/h y p>0.05), a pesar de que el nivel de esfuerzo (frecuencia cardiaca máxima) fue similar en ambos tests. La velocidad en el umbral anaeróbico mejoró más que la VAM (0.9 km/h y p<0.001) en el TVREF. La frecuencia cardiaca para la misma velocidad de carrera disminuyó en ambos tests, pero de forma más significativa en el TVREF, lo que repercutió en una mejora de los porcentajes de recuperación cardiaca en los estadíos previos al umbral anaeróbico. En conclusión, el test TVREF es más sensible que el Course Navette para valorar los efectos del entrenamiento en fútbol, y ofrece más información que este último (umbral anaeróbico y capacidad de recuperación). Futuros trabajos deben comprobar si se puede estimar el VO2máx de los futbolistas al realizar este tes

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Understanding Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries: A Guided Experimental Tour from Components Characterization to Final Assembly

The implementation of renewable energies into the electrical grid is one of our best options to mitigate the climate change. Redox flow batteries (RFB) are one of the most promising candidates for energy storage due to their scalability, durability and low cost. Despite this, just few studies have explained the basic concepts of RFBs and even fewer have reviewed the experimental conditions that are crucial for their development. This work aspired to be a helpful guide for beginner researchers who want to work in this exciting field. This guided tour aimed to clearly explain all the components and parameters of RFBs. Using a well-studied chemistry of anthraquinone (AQDS)-based anolyte and Na4[Fe(CN)6] catholyte, different techniques for the characterization of RFBs were described. The effects of some experimental parameters on battery performance such as electrolyte pH, O2 presence, membrane pretreatment and the capacity limiting side, were demonstrated. Furthermore, this analysis served to introduce different electrochemical techniques, i.e., load curve measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and charge–discharge cycling tests. This work aimed to be the nexus between the basic concepts and the first experimental steps in the RFB field merging theory and experimental data

Boron Dipyrromethene (BODIPY) as Electron-Withdrawing Group in Asymmetric Copper-Catalyzed [3+2] Cycloadditions for the Synthesis of Pyrrolidine-Based Biological Sensors

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Rigotti, T., Asenjo‐Pascual, J., Martín‐Somer, A., Milán Rois, P., Cordani, M., Díaz‐Tendero, S., ... & Alemán. Boron Dipyrromethene (BODIPY) as Electron‐Withdrawing Group in Asymmetric Copper‐Catalyzed [3+ 2] Cycloadditions for the Synthesis of Pyrrolidine‐Based Biological Sensors. Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis Volume 362, Issue 6, 17 March 2020, Pages 1345-1355 , which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/adsc.201901465. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived VersionsIn this work, we describe the use of Boron Dipyrromethene (BODIPY) as electron-withdrawing group for activation of double bonds in asymmetric copper-catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition reactions with azomethine ylides. The reactions take place under smooth conditions and with high enantiomeric excess for a large number of different substituents, pointing out the high activation of the alkene by using a boron dipyrromethene as electron-withdrawing group. Experimental, theoretical studies and comparison with other common electron-withdrawing groups in asymmetric copper-catalyzed [3+2] cycloadditions show the reasons of the different reactivity of the boron dipyrromethene derivatives, which can be exploited as a useful activating group in asymmetric catalysis. Additional experiments show that the so obtained pyrrolidines can be employed as biocompatible biosensors, which can be located in the endosomal compartments and do not present toxicity in three cell linesThis work was supported by the Spanish Government (RTI2018‐095038‐B‐I00, CTQ2016‐76061‐P, SAF2017‐87305‐R), Comunidad de Madrid (IND2017/IND‐7809), and co‐financed by European Structural and Investment Fund. We acknowledge the generous allocation of computing time at the CCC (UAM). Financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, through the ‘‘Maria de Maeztu’’ Program of Excellence in R&D (MDM‐2014‐0377), is also acknowledged. Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer, and IMDEA Nanociencia acknowledge support from the ′Severo Ochoa′ Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D (MINECO, Grant SEV‐2016‐0686). P.M.R thanks the Ministry of Economy, Industry and competitiveness of Spain for the FPI grant (BES‐2017.082521). A.M.S. thanks CAM for a postdoctoral contract (2016‐T2/IND‐1660

BODIPY as electron withdrawing group for the activation of double bonds in asymmetric cycloaddition reactions

In this work we have found that a BODIPY can be used as an electron withdrawing group for the activation of double bonds in asymmetric catalysis. The synthesis of cyclohexyl derivatives containing a BODIPY unit can easily be achieved via trienamine catalysis. This allows a new different asymmetric synthesis of BODIPY derivatives and opens the door to future transformation of this useful fluorophore. In addition, the Quantum Chemistry calculations and mechanistic studies provide insights into the role of BODIPY as an EWGSpanish Government (CTQ2015-64561-R, CTQ2016-76061-P), CONACYT (project supported by the Fondo Sectorial de Investigación para la Educación) and PRODEP (Mexico) are acknowledged. We acknowledge allocation of computing time at the CCC-UAM. A. G. C. thanks MINECO (FPI) and T. J. P. CONACYT for PhD fellowships, respectively. A. M. S. thanks CAM for a postdoctoral contract (2016-T2/IND-1660). The authors wish to thank ''Comunidad de Madrid'' for its support to the FotoArt-CM Project (S2018/NMT-4367) through the Program of R&D activities between research groups in Technologies 2013, co-financed by European Structural Fund

La comprensión lectora : comprensión, interpretación y valoración de los textos literarios

Este proyecto de innovación educativa se presentó en el Congreso Internacional de Innovación en la Educación celebrado en Valladolid los días 26, 27 y 28 de abril de 2005Proyecto desarrollado en el centro de Educación Infantil y Primaria 'Teresa Revilla' ubicado en la localidad de 'Fresno el Viejo', al sur de la provincia de Valladolid, en la comarca de Medina del Campo. En el colegio se imparten en la actualidad los niveles de Educación Infantil, Educación Primaria y Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (primer ciclo). Participan en el proyecto un total de 100 alumnos pertenecientes a todas las etapas educativas. Se parte del planteamiento de que al fomento del uso de la biblioteca se le añade la introducción de las tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación en el aula, siendo una herramienta para el diseño de las unidades didácticas desarrolladas en el centro dirigidas a trabajar las técnicas de estudio, centradas básicamente en la comprensión lectora. La finalidad es conseguir un mayor aprovechamiento del trabajo de comprensión, que habitualmente se desarrolla en las diferentes asignaturas, prestando especial atención a las técnicas básicas para aumentar la comprensión lectora de los alumnos y a la formación del profesorado, orientada a la elaboración de programas educativos o trabajo con otros ya diseñados que permitan la utilización del ordenador como una herramienta más. Los objetivos operativos que se plantean son: 1) Buscar y aplicar nuevas técnicas para trabajar la comprensión lectora, a través de la aplicación de las tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación; 2) Continuar aplicando técnicas tradicionales (teatro, escritura creativa, talleres de diccionario, cuestionarios de comprensión lectora...); 3) Formar al profesorado en técnicas de comprensión lectora y en las tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación y 4) Realizar la Segunda Semana del Teatro Escolar del centro. El proceso de trabajo de forma secuencial ha sido el siguiente: a) Durante los dos primeros meses del curso se trabajó en la puesta a punto de los equipos para configurar un aula. En todos los equipos se instaló el programa CLIC, paralelamente se diseñó un horario para el acceso de los alumnos al aula de informática. b) En la formación del profesorado, hasta diciembre, se ha trabajado cómo estimular a los alumnos para adquirir unas pautas de trabajo individual levándose a las aulas. c) A partir del mes de noviembre, se ha desarrollado con el profesorado un curso para aprender a manejar el programa CLIC. d) De noviembre a mayo se han ido realizando los módulos de este curso que combinan tanto aspectos teóricos como actividades y ejercicios prácticos implementados en las aulas. e) Se han pasado a las alumnos fichas lectoras, con la intención de que ellos aprendan a comprender un texto de forma autónoma, evaluándose los resultados. f) Se ha realizado la 'Segunda Semana del Teatro' a finales de marzo con una alta participación de todos los miembros de la comunidad educativa. La metodología utilizada para el desarrollo del proyecto se ha sustentado en el trabajo del coordinador, bajo una estructura de trabajo común en el centro fundamentada en el diseño de actividades y propuestas que parten de los ciclos y después de analizarlos en Claustro se acuerdan y se ponen en práctica. La incidencia en el centro ha sido muy alta ya que se han reactivado las tareas de comprensión lectora, la búsqueda de materiales y la elaboración de los mismos incidiendo en: una mejor organización de los equipos, del espacio y de los tiempos; una preparación mayor en el profesorado que ha influido en la de los alumnos y alumnas; un mejor conocimiento de las técnicas informáticas; una mejora en los alumnos, en cuanto a dotarles de técnicas, pautas, ante cualquier trabajo de comprensión lectora. La valoración final se considera muy satisfactoria ya que se trabajan todos los objetivos propuestos con un índice de implicación del profesorado alto y con una incidencia favorable en la dinámica del centro. Se planteará mantener esta iniciativa buscando más aplicaciones directas en el aula aprovechando la preparación actual del profesorado, y las bases conseguidas con este proyecto. Señalar los materiales elaborados a partir del desarrollo de los contenidos del proyecto: CD con la recopilación de las diferentes fichas de comprensión lectora elaboradas, reseña de las fichas que de forma trimestral han trabajado los alumnos y alumnas; memoria con los trabajos y materiales elaborados junto con las conclusiones y reseña en vídeo de las obras de teatro correspondientes a la Segunda Semana del Teatro.Junta de Castilla y LeónCastilla y LeónJunta de Castilla y León. Consejería de Educación y Cultura; Monasterio de Nuestra Señora de Prado, Autovía Puente Colgante, s. n.; 47071 Valladolid; Tel. +34983411881; Fax +34983411939ES

Short- and Long-Term Prognostic Relevance of Cardiogenic Shock in Takotsubo Syndrome: Results From the RETAKO Registry.

This study sought to describe the incidence, determinants, and prognostic impact of cardiogenic shock (CS) in takotsubo syndrome (TTS). TTS can be associated with severe hemodynamic instability. The prognostic implication of CS has not been well characterized in large studies of TTS. We analyzed patients with a definitive TTS diagnosis (modified Mayo criteria) who were recruited for the National RETAKO (Registry on Takotsubo Syndrome) trial from 2003 to 2016. Cox and competing risk regression models were used to identify factors associated with mortality and recurrences. A total of 711 patients were included, 81 (11.4%) of whom developed CS. Male sex, QTc interval prolongation, lower left ventricular ejection fraction at admission, physical triggers, and presence of "a significant" left intraventricular pressure gradient, were associated with CS (C index = 0.85). In-hospital complication rates, including mortality, were significantly higher in patients with CS. Over a median follow-up of 284 days (interquartile range: 94 to 929 days), CS was the strongest independent predictor of long-term, all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 5.38; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.60 to 8.38); cardiovascular (CV) death (sub-HR: 4.29; 95% CI: 2.40 to 21.2), and non-CV death (sub-HR: 3.34; 95% CI: 1.70 to 6.53), whereas no significant difference in the recurrence rate was observed between groups (sub-HR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.10 to 5.95). Among patients with CS, those who received beta-blockers at hospital discharge experienced lower 1-year mortality compared with those who did not receive a beta-blocker (HR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.44 to 0.79; pinteraction = 0.043). CS is not uncommon and is associated with worse short- and long-term prognosis in TTS. CS complicating TTS may constitute a marker of underlying disease severity and could identify a masked heart failure phenotype with increased vulnerability to catecholamine-mediated myocardial stunning

Una ventana abierta : diseño de la pagina web didáctica de la comunidad educativa del CPEE Parayas

El trabajo está publicado en Internet. En el CD anexo se encuentra la web realizada. Resumen basado en ficha elaborada por los autoresEl trabajo se ha realizado en el aula de informática del CPEE Parayas por 24 maestros de educación especial pertenecientes al centro. Los objetivos son el desarrollo de la web del centro, la apertura al conocimiento de la comunidad educativa cántabra, el conocimiento de las herramientas de edición web y el intercambio de experiencias educativas con otros centros. Para esto se ha desarrollado la web, definiendo primero su estructura básica, dando a los profesores lecciones de html y repartiendo el trabajo en los distintos ciclos. La valoración del equipo de trabajo sobre la actividad, es muy positiva, tanto para los alumnos, como para ellos mismos. Se han empleado diversos materiales de tipo informático (software, cámara digital, etc.).Consejería de Educación y Juventud de CantabriaCantabriaES