Comparison of hysteroscopic and laparoscopic myomectomy in large type 2 submucous leiomyomas

Background: Uterine leiomyomas are the most common benign tumors, affecting 30% of women of reproductive age. Submucous myomas are seen in 5.5-10% of all myomas. This study aimed to compare clinical, peri, and post-op outcomes of hysteroscopic and laparoscopic myomectomy in large type 2 submucous myomas. Methods: A prospective study was performed on 50 patients with large submucous type 2 leiomyomas measuring 3-5cm from October 2020 to August 2022. Patients were randomized into two groups of 25 each. Group A underwent hysteroscopic myomectomy and group B underwent laparoscopic myomectomy. Results: There was no significant difference in the demographic data of both groups except parity. Perioperative outcomes including bleeding, pain, and hospital stay were significantly higher in the laparoscopy group. None of our patients had air embolism. One patient had blindness in the postoperative period. 2 patients had uterine perforation in the hysteroscopy group. Postoperative pain was higher in the laparoscopy group. Recurrence at 3 months was seen in 2 patients of group A. Asherman syndrome was seen in group A. Single-stage success rate was seen higher in the laparoscopy group. Conclusions: Laparoscopy and hysteroscopy both are feasible techniques of myomectomy for submucous leiomyomas but for removal of large submucous leiomyomas laparoscopy myomectomy is considered better. For successful removal of large myomas in single-stage hysteroscopy, use of hysteroscopic morcellation should be considered

SFPQ and Tau: critical factors contributing to rapid progression of Alzheimer's disease

Dysfunctional RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) have been implicated in several neurodegenerative disorders. Recently, this paradigm of RBPs has been extended to pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we identified disease subtype specific variations in the RNA-binding proteome (RBPome) of sporadic AD (spAD), rapidly progressive AD (rpAD), and sporadic Creutzfeldt Jakob disease (sCJD), as well as control cases using RNA pull-down assay in combination with proteomics. We show that one of these identified proteins, splicing factor proline and glutamine rich (SFPQ), is downregulated in the post-mortem brains of rapidly progressive AD patients, sCJD patients and 3xTg mice brain at terminal stage of the disease. In contrast, the expression of SFPQ was elevated at early stage of the disease in the 3xTg mice, and in vitro after oxidative stress stimuli. Strikingly, in rpAD patients' brains SFPQ showed a significant dislocation from the nucleus and cytoplasmic colocalization with TIA-1. Furthermore, in rpAD brain lesions, SFPQ and p-tau showed extranuclear colocalization. Of note, association between SFPQ and tau-oligomers in rpAD brains suggests a possible role of SFPQ in oligomerization and subsequent misfolding of tau protein. In line with the findings from the human brain, our in vitro study showed that SFPQ is recruited into TIA-1-positive stress granules (SGs) after oxidative stress induction, and colocalizes with tau/p-tau in these granules, providing a possible mechanism of SFPQ dislocation through pathological SGs. Furthermore, the expression of human tau in vitro induced significant downregulation of SFPQ, suggesting a causal role of tau in the downregulation of SFPQ. The findings from the current study indicate that the dysregulation and dislocation of SFPQ, the subsequent DNA-related anomalies and aberrant dynamics of SGs in association with pathological tau represents a critical pathway which contributes to rapid progression of AD

Molecular alterations in the cerebellum of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease subtypes with DJ-1 as a key regulator of oxidative stress

Cerebellar damage and granular and Purkinje cell loss in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) highlight a critical involvement of the cerebellum during symptomatic progression of the disease. In this project, global proteomic alterations in the cerebellum of brain from the two most prevalent subtypes (MM1 and VV2) of sCJD were studied. Twodimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) coupled mass spectrometric identification revealed 40 proteins in MM1 and 43 proteins in VV2 subtype to be differentially expressed. Of those, 12 proteins showed common differential expression in their expression between two subtypes. Differentially expressed proteins mainly belonged to (i) cell cycle, gene expression and cell death; (ii) cellular stress response/ oxidativestress(OS)and(iii)signaltransductionandsynaptic functions, related molecular functions. We verified 10 differentially expressed proteins at transcriptional and translational level aswell. Interestingly, protein deglycase DJ-1(an antioxidative protein) showed an increase in its messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in both MM1 and VV2 subtypes but protein expression only in VV2 subtype in cerebellum of sCJD patients. Nuclear translocalization of DJ-1 confirmed its expressional alteration due to OS in sCJD. Downstream experiments showed the activation of nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidative response element (ARE) pathway. DJ-1 protein concentration was significantly increased during the clinical phase in cerebrospinal fluid of sCJD patients and also at presymptomatic and symptomatic stages in cerebellum of humanized PrP transgenic mice inoculated with sCJD (MM1 and VV2) brain. These results suggest the implication of oxidative stress during the pathophysiology of sCJD

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio

Impacts of the Tropical Pacific/Indian Oceans on the Seasonal Cycle of the West African Monsoon

The current consensus is that drought has developed in the Sahel during the second half of the twentieth century as a result of remote effects of oceanic anomalies amplified by local land–atmosphere interactions. This paper focuses on the impacts of oceanic anomalies upon West African climate and specifically aims to identify those from SST anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Oceans during spring and summer seasons, when they were significant. Idealized sensitivity experiments are performed with four atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs). The prescribed SST patterns used in the AGCMs are based on the leading mode of covariability between SST anomalies over the Pacific/Indian Oceans and summer rainfall over West Africa. The results show that such oceanic anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Ocean lead to a northward shift of an anomalous dry belt from the Gulf of Guinea to the Sahel as the season advances. In the Sahel, the magnitude of rainfall anomalies is comparable to that obtained by other authors using SST anomalies confined to the proximity of the Atlantic Ocean. The mechanism connecting the Pacific/Indian SST anomalies with West African rainfall has a strong seasonal cycle. In spring (May and June), anomalous subsidence develops over both the Maritime Continent and the equatorial Atlantic in response to the enhanced equatorial heating. Precipitation increases over continental West Africa in association with stronger zonal convergence of moisture. In addition, precipitation decreases over the Gulf of Guinea. During the monsoon peak (July and August), the SST anomalies move westward over the equatorial Pacific and the two regions where subsidence occurred earlier in the seasons merge over West Africa. The monsoon weakens and rainfall decreases over the Sahel, especially in August.Peer reviewe

Employment Diversification in Rural India: Nature, Pattern and Determinants

: The present study examines the pattern and nature of occupational shift vis-à-vis non-farm employment in rural India using unit level data of 61st (2004-05) and 68th (2011-12) NSS rounds. The pattern of Rural Non-Farm (RNF) employment is estimated through proportions and employment elasticity to capture the employment for a longer time period during the year (Usual Principal Status (UPS)). The RNF sector provides opportunities either in self-employment or casual employment but very less for regular employment. Furthermore, Multinomial Logit Model has been used to identify the factors that affect the adoption of different RNF occupations at macro as well as at micro level. The regression results reveal that at macro level, electrification, urbanisation along with irrigation impact positively to join RNF as principle occupation whereas at micro level upgradation of education level along with formal vocational training acts as a pull factor whereas the small size of land holdings works as a push factor for moving into RNF sector. The study also highlights the hike in employment in construction sector which is majorly of informal in nature and issue of concern in the present era. Thus, study suggests that in rural areas, policies should be promoted for generating gainful and regular kind of employment in the construction sector along with boosting the manufacturing sectorEste estudio examina el patrón y la naturaleza del cambio ocupacional con respecto al empleo no-agrario en el medio rural de India, utilizando datos estadísticos de las series NSS 61a (2004-05) y 68a (2011- 12). El patrón de empleo rural no-agrario (RNF) se calcula a través de la elasticidad del empleo durante períodos de un año (a través de un análisis de componentes principales (UPS)). El RNF ofrece oportunidades ya sea como trabajos por cuenta propia o de tipo informal, pero relativamente pocos de forma regular. El Modelo Logit Multinomial se ha utilizado para identificar los factores que afectan a la adopción de diferentes ocupaciones RNF a nivel macro y micro. Los resultados de la regresión muestran que a nivel macro, la electrificación, la urbanización y el regadío tienen un impacto positivo en el RNF como ocupación principal, mientras que a nivel micro la mejora del nivel educativo junto con la formación profesional formal actúan como un factor de atracción clave, mientras que el pequeño tamaño de las propiedades territoriales funciona como factor de empuje para lograr un empleo no-agrario. El estudio también destaca el incremento del empleo en el sector de la construcción, que es principalmente de naturaleza informal y, por tanto, un tema de preocupación actual. Los resultados evidencian que en las áreas rurales se deberían promover políticas para generar empleos remunerados y regulares en el sector de la construcción, junto con el impulso del sector manufacturero

Trifluoromethylated Quinolone-Hydantoin Hybrids: Synthesis and Antibacterial Evaluation

A series of new trifluoromethyl-substituted quinolones and hydantoin hybrids has been synthesized and evaluated against Gram-positive bacterium (Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 96) and Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 441, Klebsiella pneumonia MTCC 109, and Escherichia coli MTCC 442). Compound  19c, having the 6-propene group on the quinolone ring, showed similar activity to a standard drug (chloramphenicol) by exhibiting MIC values of 50 µg/mL against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Physicochemical properties of compound 19c were also determined, which were in line with Lipinski’s rule of five, suggesting the suitability of compound 19c in biological systems. Various types of binding interactions of 19c within the active site of DNA gyrase of S. aureus were also streamlined by molecular docking studies, suggesting its capability to block the catalytic process of the DNA gyrase, which could be the possible reason for its antibacterial potential

Trifluoromethylated Quinolone-Hydantoin Hybrids: Synthesis and Antibacterial Evaluation

A series of new trifluoromethyl-substituted quinolones and hydantoin hybrids has been synthesized and evaluated against Gram-positive bacterium (Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 96) and Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 441, Klebsiella pneumonia MTCC 109, and Escherichia coli MTCC 442). Compound  19c, having the 6-propene group on the quinolone ring, showed similar activity to a standard drug (chloramphenicol) by exhibiting MIC values of 50 µg/mL against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Physicochemical properties of compound 19c were also determined, which were in line with Lipinski’s rule of five, suggesting the suitability of compound 19c in biological systems. Various types of binding interactions of 19c within the active site of DNA gyrase of S. aureus were also streamlined by molecular docking studies, suggesting its capability to block the catalytic process of the DNA gyrase, which could be the possible reason for its antibacterial potential