24 research outputs found

    Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

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    The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

    Quantificação do carbono estocado na parte aérea e raízes de Hevea sp., aos 12 anos de idade, na Zona da Mata Mineira

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    Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de quantificar o carbono estocado nos diferentes componentes das árvores de Hevea sp., na fazenda experimental da Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG), no Município de Oratórios, Minas Gerais, servindo como base para verificar a importância da cultura no seqüestro de carbono e, conseqüentemente, na mitigação do efeito-estufa. Após as análises, verificou-se que: a) os galhos contribuíram com a maior quantidade de carbono armazenado, seguido por troncos, raízes e folhas; b) existe relação exponencial positiva entre a quantidade de carbono na árvore e nos seus componentes e o seu diâmetro medido a 1,30 m do solo (dap); c) a variável dap foi significativa, a 95% de probabilidade em todas as equações ajustadas. No entanto, a variável altura total foi significativa apenas nas equações de tronco e galhos. Complementarmente com base nos dados das parcelas, verificou-se que ao final de 12 anos o plantio de Hevea sp. consegue seqüestrar, em média, 62,10 toneladas de carbono por hectare em sua biomassa viva, considerando um espaçamento de 7 x 3 m, ou seja, uma densidade média de 476 árvores por hectare

    Sugar metabolism and developmental stages of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis L.) seeds

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    Changes in the concentration of sugars and sucrose metabolism enzymes can characterize the developmental stages of a seed. In recalcitrant species such as Hevea brasiliensis L., little is known about these changes. We aimed to evaluate the three main stages of development of rubber tree seeds – histodifferentiation, cell elongation and accumulation of reserves. The activities of acid and neutral invertases (E.C. 3.2.1.26) and sucrose synthase (EC 2.4.1.13), and the concentrations of reducing sugars (RS), total soluble sugars (TSS) and sucrose (Suc) were determined concomitantly with the histochemical and anatomical evaluation of seed structure. Histodifferentiation in rubber tree seeds occurs up to 75 days after anthesis (DAA). The concentration of RS is high and of Suc is low during seed histodifferentiation, which occurs along with a visible increase in the number of cell divisions. After that period, there is an increase in the concentration of Suc (mg g−1) and in the number and size of starch granules, and a decrease in the concentration of RS (mg g−1). At that point, cell elongation occurs. At 135 DAA, there is an inversion in the concentration of these two sugars and an increase in reserve accumulation. Thus, in seeds of the evaluated clone, the period up to 75 DAA is characterized as the histodifferentiation stage, while from that time up to 120 DAA the cell elongation stage takes place. The final stage of seed maturation and reserve accumulation begins at 135 DAA, and the seed, including the embryo, is completely formed at 175 DAA

    Influência dos créditos de carbono na viabilidade financeira de três projetos florestais Influence of carbon credits on the financial viability of three forest projects

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    O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a influência dos créditos de carbono na viabilidade financeira de três projetos florestais. Os projetos analisados foram: heveicultura, eucalipto e pinus para produção de borracha, celulose e resina, respectivamente. O Valor Presente Líquido (VPL), a Taxa Interna de Retorno (TIR), o Valor Esperado da Terra (VET) e o Valor Anual Equivalente (VAE) foram os indicadores utilizados na avaliação financeira, a uma taxa de desconto de 10% ao ano. Os resultados deste trabalho indicaram que, com esta taxa, os projetos de eucalipto e pinus foram viáveis sem os recursos adicionais dos CERs (Certificados de Emissões Reduzidas), ressaltando-se que a inclusão dos créditos de carbono propiciou aumento da viabilidade financeira destes. Já o projeto da heveicultura mostrou-se viável apenas com os Certificados de Carbono. A receita advinda da venda dos CERs aumentou consideravelmente a viabilidade financeira dos três projetos, mesmo considerando a tonelada de CO2 a US3,00.CasooProtocolodeKyotosejaratificado,haveraˊumincrementonoprec\copagopelatoneladadeCO2,queocasionaraˊoaumentodacontribuic\ca~odosCERsemprojetosflorestais.<br>Theobjectiveofthepresentworkwastostudytheinfluenceofcarboncreditsonthefinancialviabilityofthreeforestprojects.Theanalyzedprojectswere:heveiculture,eucalyptusandpinusforproductionofnaturalrubber,celluloseandresin,respectively.TheNetPresentValue(NPV),theInternalReturnRate(IRR),theSoilExpectedValue(SEV)andtheEquivalentAnnualValue(EAV)weretheindicatorsusedinthefinancialevaluation,usingadiscountrateof103,00. Caso o Protocolo de Kyoto seja ratificado, haverá um incremento no preço pago pela tonelada de CO2, que ocasionará o aumento da contribuição dos CERs em projetos florestais.<br>The objective of the present work was to study the influence of carbon credits on the financial viability of three forest projects. The analyzed projects were: heveiculture, eucalyptus and pinus for production of natural rubber, cellulose and resin, respectively. The Net Present Value (NPV), the Internal Return Rate (IRR), the Soil Expected Value (SEV) and the Equivalent Annual Value (EAV) were the indicators used in the financial evaluation, using a discount rate of 10% a year. The results of this work demonstrated that with this rate, the projects of eucalyptus and pinus were viable without additional resources from the CERs (Certificates of Emissions Reduced), and the inclusion of the carbon credits induced an increase in their financial viability. The heveiculture project was shown to be viable only with the Certificates of Carbon. The income coming from the sale of CERs increased the financial viability of the three projects considerably, even considering the CO2 ton at US3,00. In case of ratification of the Kyoto Protocol, there will be an increment in the price paid for ton of CO2, which in turn will increase the contribution of CERs in forest projects

    Produtividade e qualidade de tubérculos de batata em função de doses e parcelamentos de nitrogênio e potássio Productivity of potato tubers in function of the doses and time of nitrogen and potassium application

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    Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de doses e épocas de aplicação de adubo mineral sobre a produtividade e qualidade de batata na região centro sul da Bahia. Foram utilizadas 3 doses de N e K (75% da dose recomendada; dose recomendada de acordo com a análise do solo e 125% da dose recomendada); e 5 épocas de aplicação (100% no plantio; 1/3 no plantio e 2/3 na tuberização; 50% no plantio e 50% na tuberização; 1/3 no plantio, 1/3 na tuberização e 1/3 25 dias após a tuberização; 1/4 no plantio, 1/4 na tuberização, 1/4 25 dias após a tuberização e 1/4 50 dias após a tuberização). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 5 x 3, com quatro repetições. As características avaliadas foram: massa média dos tubérculos; produtividade de tubérculos; produtividade de tubérculos graúdos, massa seca, firmeza, sólidos solúveis, acidez total titulável e açúcares redutores. O parcelamento de N e K em duas aplicações (50% no plantio e 50% na tuberização) favoreceu maior produtividade de tubérculos em relação à aplicação total do adubo. A época de aplicação e as doses de N e K não promoveram variações significativas no teor de massa seca, acidez total titulável, sólidos solúveis e teor de açúcares redutores dos tubérculos da cultivar Vivaldi.<br>With the purpose of assessing the effect of doses and application times of mineral fertilizers on the production and quality of tubercle potato, this experiment was carried out in the south center of Bahia and at the Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia-UESB. Five application times were used (100% upon planting; 1/3 upon planting and 2/3 upon tuberization; 50% upon planting and 50% upon tuberization; 1/3 upon planting, 1/3 upon tuberization and 1/3 25 days after tuberization; 1/4 upon planting, 1/4 upon tuberization, 1/4 25 days after tuberization and 1/4 50 days after tuberization) and 3 doses of N and K (75% of the recommended dose; recommended dose according to soil analysis; 125% of the recommended dose; recommended dose according to soil analysis). The experimental outline was the factorial one (5 x 3), with plots arranged in randomized blocks with four repetitions. Tubercle productivity was assessed, as well as tubercle average weight, great tubercles productivity, great tubercles average weight, firmness, soluble solids, total titulable acidity and reducing sugars. The split application of N and K fertilization (50% upon planting and 50% upon tuberization) favored higher tubercles productivity in relation to the total fertilizer application. The application time and the doses of N and K did not promote significant responses in the dry mass, total titulable acidity, soluble solids and content of reducing sugars in the tubercles potato Vivaldi

    Colonial Brazilian literature

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    The Brazilian theatre up to 1900

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    Brazilian popular literature (the literatura de cordel

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    Brazilian poetry from the 1830s to the 1880s

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