Evaluation of biochemical parameter in polycystic ovarian disease patients attending tertiary care hospital

Background: PCOS might be a complex multigenic disorder with strong epigenetic and environmental influences, such as diet and other lifestyle factors. It is associated with abdominal adiposity, insulin resistance, obesity, metabolic disorders and cardiovascular risk factors. Based on literature search and non-uniformity in the finding of various author present study has been designed to evaluate the biochemical parameter in polycystic ovarian disease patients attending tertiary care hospital.Methods: The study population include 50 untreated patients diagnosed to be polycystic ovarian disease. Parameters like age, BMI (body mass index), fasting plasma glucose, lipid profile overnight fasting plasma insulin, dehydroepiandrosterne sulphate, (µg/dl) (DHEAS), LH, FSH, LH/FSH ratio, HOMA IR (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) and fasting serum plasma glucose to insulin ratio was measured in both group of patients.Results: The mean value of glucose insulin ratio was 4.88±1.911 in PCOD group and 8.74±4.61 in control group, the p value was 0.004909. The mean of LH/FSH ratio was 1.93±0.42 in PCOD group and 1.03±0.199 in control group. The p value was <0.05. The mean of HOMA IR was 7.87±0.87 in PCOD group and 2.036±0.26 in control group, with p value 0.00001.Conclusions: From present study we can conclude that the mean age was 22.05±4.649 years and the mean BMI was 27.32±6. Hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia were common in PCOD patients. The mean of HOMA IR was significantly higher and the mean value of QUICKI was significantly lower in PCOD group

Study of changes in biochemical parameters of preeclampsia patients, a prospective five year study

Background: Preeclampsia is associated with changes in biochemical parameters like hepatic dysfunction, increase in blood glucose, thrombocytopenia, urea, creatinine, uric acid, alteration in lipid profile, hypoalbuminemia, electrolyte and C-reactive protein. Based on variability in literature regarding biochemical parameters present study has been designed to evaluate the changes in biochemical parameters in preeclampsia patients in tertiary care hospital.Methods: Pregnant women with pre eclampsia attending OPD of obstetrics department were enrolled for this study based on following inclusion and exclusion criteria. Similarly normotensive pregnant women were enrolled as control per same inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results: Total platelet count was significantly lower in preeclampsia patients then control (2.02±0.7 lakh/µl versus 3.29±.58 lakh/µl). Blood urea was significantly higher in preeclampsia patients than control (29.22±4.56 mg/dl versus 18.32±6.23 mg/dl), (p=0.0001) serum uric acid was significantly higher in preeclampsia patients than control (9.22±1.11 mg/dl versus 5.89±.89 mg/dl). HOMA IR was significantly higher in preeclampsia patients then control (4.52±1.68 versus 2.23±1.98).Conclusions: From present study we can conclude preeclampsia patients were frequent in nulliparous. Preeclampsia is associated with thrombocytopenia. Except increase in AST other hepatic parameters were in normal range and comparable to control. FPG, FPI and HOMA IR were elevated in our finding and it indicates a state of insulin resistance. Preeclampsia patients were also having dyslipidemia. Serum uric acid creatinine and blood urea was significantly higher in preeclampsia patients.

Diosmin versus tranexamic acid in heavy menstrual bleeding: a randomized controlled trial

Background: Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) is defined as cyclical bleeding at regular intervals but excessive in amount which affect the physical, social and mental aspects of life of a woman. The prevalence is 10-30% in reproductive age women and 50% in perimenopausal women. HMB is not just a clinical burden but also a huge social and economic burden. The aims and objective of my study is to compare the efficacy of diosmin and tranexamic acid in acute HMB in terms of average duration of menstrual cycle, PBAC/PABC score, endometrial thickness, hemoglobin concentration and finally need for other modes of treatment.Methods: The study was a randomized control trial in which the patients (sample size-72) were divided into two groups- group D (n=36) and group T (n=36). Group D was treated with tab diosmin 500 mg thrice daily from day 1 to day 5 of menstrual cycle. Similarly group T was treated with tab tranexamic acid 500 mg thrice daily from day 1 to day 5 of menstrual cycle. The PBAC score was taken at the end of three months along with endometrial thickness and hemoglobin concentration. The results were compared with values obtained before initiating treatment.Results: In this study after 3 months of treatment; the patients in group D had an initial PBAC score of 423.52 and at the end of treatment it was decreased to 149.89 (p<0.0001). Reduction was 60.5%. Group T patients had an initial PBAC score of 441which was reduced to 177.94 (p<0.0001) after treatment. The reduction in this group was 59.6%.Conclusions: In this study it was found that both tranexamic acid and diosmin were effective in reduction of HMB, in terms of PBAC score, average duration of menstrual cycle and endometrial thickness. But the in reduction in PBAC score was similar in both the groups. The failure rates were also similar in both the groups, but improvements in hemoglobin concentration were only margina

Krüppel-like factor 4, a novel transcription factor regulates microglial activation and subsequent neuroinflammation

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Activation of microglia, the resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS), is the hallmark of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases and other pathological conditions associated with CNS infection. The activation of microglia is often associated with bystander neuronal death. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is one of the important transcription factors known to be associated with microglial activation which upregulates the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) and other pro-inflammatory cytokines. Recent studies have focused on the role of Krüppel-like factor 4 (Klf4), one of the zinc-finger transcription factors, in mediating inflammation. However, these studies were limited to peripheral system and its role in CNS is not understood. Our studies focused on the possible role of Klf4 in mediating CNS inflammation.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>For <it>in vitro </it>studies, mouse microglial BV-2 cell lines were treated with 500 ng/ml <it>Salmonella enterica </it>lipopolysacchride (LPS). Brain tissues were isolated from BALB/c mice administered with 5 mg/kg body weight of LPS. Expressions of Klf4, Cox-2, iNOS and pNF-κB were evaluated using western blotting, quantitative real time PCR, and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCRs). Klf4 knockdown was carried out using SiRNA specific for Klf4 mRNA and luciferase assays and electromobility shift assay (EMSA) were performed to study the interaction of Klf4 to iNOS promoter elements <it>in vitro</it>. Co-immunoprecipitation of Klf4 and pNF-κB was done in order to study a possible interaction between the two transcription factors.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>LPS stimulation increased Klf4 expression in microglial cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Knockdown of Klf4 resulted in decreased levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, MCP-1 and IL-6, along with a significant decrease in iNOS and Cox-2 expression. NO production also decreased as a result of Klf4 knockdown. We found that Klf4 can potentially interact with pNF-κB and is important for iNOS and Cox-2 promoter activity <it>in vitro.</it></p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These studies demonstrate the role of Klf4 in microglia in mediating neuroinflammation in response to the bacterial endotoxin LPS.</p

Machine learning-based Naive Bayes approach for divulgence of Spam Comment in Youtube station

In the 21st Century, web-based media assumes an indispensable part in the interaction and communication of civilization. As an illustration of web-based media viz. YouTube, Facebook, Twitter, etc., can increase the social regard of a person just as a gathering. Yet, every innovation has its pros as well as cons. In some YouTube channels, a machine-made spam remark is produced on that recordings, moreover, a few phony clients additionally remark a spam comment which creates an adverse effect on that YouTube channel.  The spam remarks can be distinguished by using AI (artificial intelligence) which is based on different Algorithms namely Naive Bayes, SVM, Random Forest, ANN, etc. The present investigation is focussed on a machine learning-based Naive Bayes classifier ordered methodology for the identification of spam remarks on YouTub

Machine learning-based Naive Bayes approach for divulgence of Spam Comment in Youtube station

In the 21st Century, web-based media assumes an indispensable part in the interaction and communication of civilization. As an illustration of web-based media viz. YouTube, Facebook, Twitter, etc., can increase the social regard of a person just as a gathering. Yet, every innovation has its pros as well as cons. In some YouTube channels, a machine-made spam remark is produced on that recordings, moreover, a few phony clients additionally remark a spam comment which creates an adverse effect on that YouTube channel.  The spam remarks can be distinguished by using AI (artificial intelligence) which is based on different Algorithms namely Naive Bayes, SVM, Random Forest, ANN, etc. The present investigation is focussed on a machine learning-based Naive Bayes classifier ordered methodology for the identification of spam remarks on YouTub

NLRP3 Inflammasome: Key Mediator of Neuroinflammation in Murine Japanese Encephalitis

Background: Japanese Encephalitis virus (JEV) is a common cause of acute and epidemic viral encephalitis. JEV infection is associated with microglial activation resulting in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines including Interleukin-1 b (IL-1b) and Interleukin-18 (IL-18). The Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) and the underlying mechanism by which microglia identify the viral particle leading to the production of these cytokines is unknown. Methodology/Principal Findings: For our studies, we have used murine model of JEV infection as well as BV-2 mouse microglia cell line. In this study, we have identified a signalling pathway which leads to the activation of caspase-1 as the key enzyme responsible for the maturation of both IL-1b and IL-18 in NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein-3 (NLRP3) dependent manner. Depletion of NLRP3 results in the reduction of caspase-1 activity and subsequent production of these cytokines. Conclusion/Significance: Our results identify a mechanism mediated by Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production and potassium efflux as the two danger signals that link JEV infection to caspase-1 activation resulting in subsequent IL-1b an

Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level.

Importance: Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular cancer, can save both a child's life and vision. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that many children across the world are diagnosed late. To our knowledge, the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma has never been assessed on a global scale. Objectives: To report the retinoblastoma stage at diagnosis in patients across the world during a single year, to investigate associations between clinical variables and national income level, and to investigate risk factors for advanced disease at diagnosis. Design, Setting, and Participants: A total of 278 retinoblastoma treatment centers were recruited from June 2017 through December 2018 to participate in a cross-sectional analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed in 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures: Age at presentation, proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, and tumor stage and metastasis. Results: The cohort included 4351 new patients from 153 countries; the median age at diagnosis was 30.5 (interquartile range, 18.3-45.9) months, and 1976 patients (45.4%) were female. Most patients (n = 3685 [84.7%]) were from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Globally, the most common indication for referral was leukocoria (n = 2638 [62.8%]), followed by strabismus (n = 429 [10.2%]) and proptosis (n = 309 [7.4%]). Patients from high-income countries (HICs) were diagnosed at a median age of 14.1 months, with 656 of 666 (98.5%) patients having intraocular retinoblastoma and 2 (0.3%) having metastasis. Patients from low-income countries were diagnosed at a median age of 30.5 months, with 256 of 521 (49.1%) having extraocular retinoblastoma and 94 of 498 (18.9%) having metastasis. Lower national income level was associated with older presentation age, higher proportion of locally advanced disease and distant metastasis, and smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma. Advanced disease at diagnosis was more common in LMICs even after adjusting for age (odds ratio for low-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 17.92 [95% CI, 12.94-24.80], and for lower-middle-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 5.74 [95% CI, 4.30-7.68]). Conclusions and Relevance: This study is estimated to have included more than half of all new retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017. Children from LMICs, where the main global retinoblastoma burden lies, presented at an older age with more advanced disease and demonstrated a smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, likely because many do not reach a childbearing age. Given that retinoblastoma is curable, these data are concerning and mandate intervention at national and international levels. Further studies are needed to investigate factors, other than age at presentation, that may be associated with advanced disease in LMICs

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio

Juxtaposing BTE and ATE – on the role of the European insurance industry in funding civil litigation

One of the ways in which legal services are financed, and indeed shaped, is through private insurance arrangement. Two contrasting types of legal expenses insurance contracts (LEI) seem to dominate in Europe: before the event (BTE) and after the event (ATE) legal expenses insurance. Notwithstanding institutional differences between different legal systems, BTE and ATE insurance arrangements may be instrumental if government policy is geared towards strengthening a market-oriented system of financing access to justice for individuals and business. At the same time, emphasizing the role of a private industry as a keeper of the gates to justice raises issues of accountability and transparency, not readily reconcilable with demands of competition. Moreover, multiple actors (clients, lawyers, courts, insurers) are involved, causing behavioural dynamics which are not easily predicted or influenced. Against this background, this paper looks into BTE and ATE arrangements by analysing the particularities of BTE and ATE arrangements currently available in some European jurisdictions and by painting a picture of their respective markets and legal contexts. This allows for some reflection on the performance of BTE and ATE providers as both financiers and keepers. Two issues emerge from the analysis that are worthy of some further reflection. Firstly, there is the problematic long-term sustainability of some ATE products. Secondly, the challenges faced by policymakers that would like to nudge consumers into voluntarily taking out BTE LEI