The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment

The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in operation since July 2014. This paper describes the second data release from this phase, and the fourteenth from SDSS overall (making this, Data Release Fourteen or DR14). This release makes public data taken by SDSS-IV in its first two years of operation (July 2014-2016). Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14 is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14 is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS); the first data from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2), including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data driven machine learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of the publicly available data from SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS website (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release, and provides links to data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020, and will be followed by SDSS-V.Comment: SDSS-IV collaboration alphabetical author data release paper. DR14 happened on 31st July 2017. 19 pages, 5 figures. Accepted by ApJS on 28th Nov 2017 (this is the "post-print" and "post-proofs" version; minor corrections only from v1, and most of errors found in proofs corrected

The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the Second Phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment

The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in operation since 2014 July. This paper describes the second data release from this phase, and the 14th from SDSS overall (making this Data Release Fourteen or DR14). This release makes the data taken by SDSS-IV in its first two years of operation (2014–2016 July) public. Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14 is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14 is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey; the first data from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2), including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data-driven machine-learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of the publicly available data from the SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS web site (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release and provides links to data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020 and will be followed by SDSS-V

The 13th Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the SDSS-IV Survey Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory

The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) began observations in July 2014. It pursues three core programs: APOGEE-2,MaNGA, and eBOSS. In addition, eBOSS contains two major subprograms: TDSS and SPIDERS. This paper describes the first data release from SDSS-IV, Data Release 13 (DR13), which contains new data, reanalysis of existing data sets and, like all SDSS data releases, is inclusive of previously released data. DR13 makes publicly available 1390 spatially resolved integral field unit observations of nearby galaxies from MaNGA,the first data released from this survey. It includes new observations from eBOSS, completing SEQUELS. In addition to targeting galaxies and quasars, SEQUELS also targeted variability-selected objects from TDSS and X-ray selected objects from SPIDERS. DR13 includes new reductions ofthe SDSS-III BOSS data, improving the spectrophotometric calibration and redshift classification. DR13 releases new reductions of the APOGEE-1data from SDSS-III, with abundances of elements not previously included and improved stellar parameters for dwarf stars and cooler stars. For the SDSS imaging data, DR13 provides new, more robust and precise photometric calibrations. Several value-added catalogs are being released in tandem with DR13, in particular target catalogs relevant for eBOSS, TDSS, and SPIDERS, and an updated red-clump catalog for APOGEE.This paper describes the location and format of the data now publicly available, as well as providing references to the important technical papers that describe the targeting, observing, and data reduction. The SDSS website, http://www.sdss.org, provides links to the data, tutorials and examples of data access, and extensive documentation of the reduction and analysis procedures. DR13 is the first of a scheduled set that will contain new data and analyses from the planned ~6-year operations of SDSS-IV.PostprintPeer reviewe

A New Dicynodont (Therapsida: Anomodontia) from the Permian of Southern Brazil and Its Implications for Bidentalian Origins

Dicynodonts were a highly successful group of herbivorous therapsids that inhabited terrestrial ecosystems from the Middle Permian through the end of the Triassic periods. Permian dicynodonts are extremely abundant in African deposits, but are comparatively poorly known from the other regions of Gondwana. Here we describe a new South American dicynodont, Rastodon procurvidens gen. et sp. nov., from the Boqueirão farm site of the Rio do Rasto Formation, Paraná Basin, Guadalupian/Lopingian of Brazil. Diagnostic features of R. procurvidens include uniquely anteriorly-curved maxillary tusks, well-developed ridges extending from the crista oesophagea anteriorly along the pterygoid rami, strong posterior angulation of the posterior pterygoid rami, and a bulbous, well-developed retroarticular process of the articular. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that R. procurvidens is the earliest and most basal member of Bidentalia, a cosmopolitan clade that includes Permian and Triassic dicynodonts whose dentition is usually reduced to a pair of maxillary tusks

<i>Rastodon procurvidens</i> in lateral views.

<p>Photographs (A and B) and interpretative drawings (C and D). <b>Ang</b>, angular; <b>Art</b>, articular; <b>De</b>, dentary; <b>Ept</b>, epipterygoid; <b>Fr</b>, frontal; <b>Ju</b>, jugal; <b>La</b>, lacrimal; <b>Lds</b>; lateral dentary shelf; <b><i>Mf</i></b>, mandibular fenestra; <b>Mx</b>, maxilla; <b>Na</b>, nasal; <b>Pmx</b>, premaxilla; <b>Po</b>, postorbital; <b>Prf</b>, prefrontal; <b>Pro</b>, prootic; <b>Prs</b>, presphenoid; <b>Qd</b>, quadrate; <b><i>Qdf</i></b>, quadrate foramen; <b>Qdj</b>, quadratojugal; <b>Rfl</b>, reflected lamina of angular; <b>Smx</b>, septomaxilla; <b>Sq</b>, squamosal; <b>Sur</b>, surangular. Scale bars equal 3 cm.</p

Phylogenetic position of <i>Rastodon procurvidens</i> within Dicynodontia based on the results of the phylogenetic analysis.

<p>Phylogenetic position of <i>Rastodon procurvidens</i> within Dicynodontia based on the results of the phylogenetic analysis.</p

<i>Rastodon procurvidens</i> in ventral view.

<p>Photograph (left) and interpretative drawing (right). <b>Ang</b>, angular; <b>Apt</b>, anterior ramus of the pterygoid; <b>Art</b>, articular; <b>Bo</b>, basioccipital; <b>Bt</b>, basal tuber; <b>Co</b>, crista oesophagea; <b>De</b>, dentary; <b>Ecp</b>, ectopterygoid; <b><i>Fo</i></b>, foramen; <b><i>Ipv</i></b>, interpterygoid vacuity; <b><i>Jf</i></b>, jugular foramen; <b>Ju</b>, jugal; <b>Lds</b>, lateral dentary shelf; <b>Mx</b>, maxilla; <b>Oc</b>, occipital condyle; <b>Op</b>, opisthotic; <b>Pbs</b>, parabasisphenoid; <b>Pl</b>, palatine; <b>Po</b>, postorbital; <b>Pra</b>, prearticular; <b>Qd</b>, quadrate; <b>Qdj</b>, quadratojugal; <b>Qpt</b>, quadrate ramus of the pterygoid; <b>Spl</b>, splenial; <b>Sq</b>, squamosal; <b>Vo</b>, vomer. Scale bar equals 3 cm.</p

<i>Rastodon procurvidens</i> in dorsal view.

<p>Photograph (left) and interpretative drawing (right). <b>Fr</b>, frontal; <b>Ju</b>, jugal; <b>La</b>, lacrimal; <b>Na</b>, nasal; <b>Pa</b>, parietal; <b>Pmx</b>, premaxilla; <b>Po</b>, postorbital; <b>Pof</b>, postfrontal; <b>Pr</b>, preparietal; <b>Prf</b>, prefrontal; <b>Sq</b>, squamosal. Scale bar equals 3 cm.</p

<i>Rastodon procurvidens</i> in occipital view.

<p>Photograph (left) and interpretative drawing (right). <b>Art</b>, articular; <b>Bo</b>, basioccipital; <b>Eo</b>, exoccipital; <b><i>Fm</i></b>, foramen magnum; <b>Ipa</b>, interparietal; <b><i>Jf</i></b>, jugular foramen; <b>Op</b>, opisthotic; <b>Ptf</b>, post-temporal fenestra; <b>Qd</b>, quadrate; <b>So</b>, supraoccipital; <b>Sq</b>, squamosal; <b>Ta</b>, tabular. Scale bar equals 3 cm.</p