Potential Ecology Suitability Distribution of Forage Availability for Dairy Cattle. Case study: Lembang District Area, West Java

Dairy cattle have a highly depend on forage for its daily diet that will influence milk production. Therefore forage supply is the core issue in dairy farming productivity in Indonesia. Hence, it is very important in securing forage supply in order for sustainability of dairy farming. However, the forage availability is becoming rare due to the limitation of farming land owned by the farmers. The aim of this research was to determine geospatial distribution of forage availability for dairy cattle in Lembang Area, West Java. GIS software (ArcView 3.2) was used in this research. Secondary data, including maps (Land use, rainfall, slope, ect) were required in this research. As we know that the ecological suitability was the primary requirements for forage management. Moreover, the ecological suitability was assessed by criteria classification in order to achive optimum forage production. The result of map overlapping has resulted the potential ecology suitability for forage management. Furthermore, land suitability was physically divided into 4 classes; highly suitable (S1), moderate suitable (S2), marginally suitable (S3), not suitable (N) and constrain (C) that became the restriction point for forage management.Keywords : Dairy Cattle, Forage, Geographic Information Syste

Cytotoxicity and toxicoproteomics analysis of thiazolidinedione exposure in human-derived cardiomyocytes

Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) (e.g., pioglitazone and rosiglitazone), known insulin sensitiser agents for type II diabetes mellitus, exhibit controversial effects on cardiac tissue. Despite consensus on their association with increased heart failure risk, limiting TZD use in diabetes management, the underlying mechanisms remain uncharacterised. Herein, we report a comprehensive in vitro investigation utilising a novel toxicoproteomics pipeline coupled with cytotoxicity assays in human adult cardiomyocytes to elucidate mechanistic insights into TZD cardiotoxicity. The cytotoxicity assay findings showed a significant loss of mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate production upon exposure to either TZD agents, which may underpin TZD cardiotoxicity. Our toxicoproteomics analysis revealed that mitochondrial dysfunction primarily stems from oxidative phosphorylation impairment, with distinct signalling mechanisms observed for both agents. The type of cell death differed strikingly between the two agents, with rosiglitazone exhibiting features of caspase-dependent apoptosis and pioglitazone implicating mitochondrial-mediated necroptosis, as evidenced by the protein upregulation in the phosphoglycerate mutase family 5–dynamin-related protein 1 axis. Furthermore, our analysis revealed additional mechanistic aspects of cardiotoxicity, showcasing drug specificity. The downregulation of various proteins involved in protein machinery and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum was observed in rosiglitazone-treated cells, implicating proteostasis in the rosiglitazone cardiotoxicity. Regarding pioglitazone, the findings suggested the potential activation of the interplay between the complement and coagulation systems and the disruption of the cytoskeletal architecture, which was primarily mediated through the integrin-signalling pathways responsible for pioglitazone-induced myocardial contractile failure. Collectively, this study unlocks substantial mechanistic insight into TZD cardiotoxicity, providing the rationale for future optimisation of antidiabetic therapies

Uji Antibakteri Isolat Endofit Asal Tanaman Kayu Jawa Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr. Terhadap MRSA Methicilin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Asia is one of the regions with the highest incidence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the world. Endophytes in the tropics have not been widely studied and have not been explored, especially those related to their potential uses in medicine, agriculture, and other industries. Several research reports have also found that endophytic bacteria provide great potential in producing a variety of new natural products, including secondary metabolites that are similar to its host. This research is a true experimental laboratory to analyze the inhibition of endophytic bacterial isolates from kayu jawa (Lanneacoromandelica (Houtt) Merr on MRSA. The inhibitory test in this study uses the disc diffusion method. Antibacterial results The experimental results of the inhibitory test are expressed as the average ± standard deviation (SD) of two replications and the data is processed using Microsoft Excel 2007. Twelve endophytic bacterial isolates from kayu jawa have the ability to inhibit MRSA growth. visible from the formation of a clear zone around the paper disk.Based on the results of the measurement of the area of the clear zone formed, the twelve endophytic bacterial isolates are included in the strong category (11-20 mm) in inhibiting the growth of pathogens and of the twelve endophytic bacterial isolates, KJA3 isolates and KJB1 isolate which have ability inhibited the growth of MRSA best compared to other isolates because it has the largest inhibitory zone area of 17 mm and 16 mm

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Technology transfer model for Austrian higher education institutions

The aim of this paper is to present the findings of a PhD research (Heinzl 2007, Unpublished PhD Thesis) conducted on the Universities of Applied Sciences in Austria. Four of the models that emerge from this research are: Generic Technology Transfer Model (Sect. 5.1); Idiosyncrasies Model for the Austrian Universities of Applied Sciences (Sect. 5.2); Idiosyncrasies-Technology Transfer Effects Model (Sect. 5.3); Idiosyncrasies-Technology Transfer Cumulated Effects Model (Sect. 5.3). The primary and secondary research methods employed for this study are: literature survey, focus groups, participant observation, and interviews. The findings of the research contribute to a conceptual design of a technology transfer system which aims to enhance the higher education institutions' technology transfer performance. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

Mechanistic modelling of dynamic MRI data predicts that tumour heterogeneity decreases therapeutic response

Mechanistic modelling of dynamic MRI data predicts that tumour heterogeneity decreases therapeutic respons

Building International Business Theory: A Grounded Theory Approach

The field of international business (IB) is in need of more theory development (Morck & Yeung, 2007). As such, the main focus of our manuscript was to provide guidance on how to build IB specific theory using grounded theory (GT). Moreover, we contribute to future theory development by identifying areas within IB where GT can be applied and the type of research issues that can be addressed using this methodology. Finally, we make a noteworthy contribution by discussing some of GT’s caveats and limitations, particularly those relevant to IB. This effort is intended to spur further interest in the development of IB theory

Global, regional, and national levels and trends in burden of oral conditions from 1990 to 2017 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease 2017 Study

Government and nongovernmental organizations need national and global estimates on the descriptive epidemiology of common oral conditions for policy planning and evaluation. The aim of this component of the Global Burden of Disease study was to produce estimates on prevalence, incidence, and years lived with disability for oral conditions from 1990 to 2017 by sex, age, and countries. In addition, this study reports the global socioeconomic pattern in burden of oral conditions by the standard World Bank classification of economies as well as the Global Burden of Disease Socio-demographic Index. The findings show that oral conditions remain a substantial population health challenge. Globally, there were 3.5 billion cases (95% uncertainty interval [95% UI], 3.2 to 3.7 billion) of oral conditions, of which 2.3 billion (95% UI, 2.1 to 2.5 billion) had untreated caries in permanent teeth, 796 million (95% UI, 671 to 930 million) had severe periodontitis, 532 million (95% UI, 443 to 622 million) had untreated caries in deciduous teeth, 267 million (95% UI, 235 to 300 million) had total tooth loss, and 139 million (95% UI, 133 to 146 million) had other oral conditions in 2017. Several patterns emerged when the World Bank’s classification of economies and the Socio-demographic Index were used as indicators of economic development. In general, more economically developed countries have the lowest burden of untreated dental caries and severe periodontitis and the highest burden of total tooth loss. The findings offer an opportunity for policy makers to identify successful oral health strategies and strengthen them; introduce and monitor different approaches where oral diseases are increasing; plan integration of oral health in the agenda for prevention of noncommunicable diseases; and estimate the cost of providing universal coverage for dental care

The Scales Project, a cross-national dataset on the interpretation of thermal perception scales

Thermal discomfort is one of the main triggers for occupants' interactions with components of the built environment such as adjustments of thermostats and/or opening windows and strongly related to the energy use in buildings. Understanding causes for thermal (dis-)comfort is crucial for design and operation of any type of building. The assessment of human thermal perception through rating scales, for example in post-occupancy studies, has been applied for several decades; however, long-existing assumptions related to these rating scales had been questioned by several researchers. The aim of this study was to gain deeper knowledge on contextual influences on the interpretation of thermal perception scales and their verbal anchors by survey participants. A questionnaire was designed and consequently applied in 21 language versions. These surveys were conducted in 57 cities in 30 countries resulting in a dataset containing responses from 8225 participants. The database offers potential for further analysis in the areas of building design and operation, psycho-physical relationships between human perception and the built environment, and linguistic analyses