13 research outputs found
Quantum and classical control of single photon states via a mechanical resonator
Optomechanical systems typically use light to control the quantum state of a mechanical resonator. In this paper, we propose a scheme for controlling the quantum state of light using the mechanical degree of freedom as a controlled beam splitter. Preparing the mechanical resonator in non-classical states enables an optomechanical SternâGerlach interferometer. When the mechanical resonator has a small coherent amplitude it acts as a quantum control, entangling the optical and mechanical degrees of freedom. As the coherent amplitude of the resonator increases, we recover single photon and two-photon interference via a classically controlled beam splitter. The visibility of the two-photon interference is particularly sensitive to coherent excitations in the mechanical resonator and this could form the basis of an optically transduced weak-force sensor
Phonon number measurements using single photon opto-mechanics
We describe a system composed of two coupled optical cavity modes with a
coupling modulated by a bulk mechanical resonator. In addition, one of the
cavity modes is irreversibly coupled to a single photon source. Our scheme is
an opto-mechanical realisation of the Jaynes-Cummings model where the qubit is
a dual rail optical qubit while the bosonic degree of freedom is a matter
degree of freedom realised as the bulk mechanical excitation. We show the
possibility of engineering phonon number states of the mechanical oscillator in
such a system by computing the conditional state of the mechanics after
successive photon counting measurements
Iranian clinical practice guideline for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressive neurodegeneration involving motor neurons. The 3â5 years that patients have to live is marked by day-to-day loss of motor and sometimes cognitive abilities. Enormous amounts of healthcare services and resources are necessary to support patients and their caregivers during this relatively short but burdensome journey. Organization and management of these resources need to best meet patients' expectations and health system efficiency mandates. This can only occur in the setting of multidisciplinary ALS clinics which are known as the gold standard of ALS care worldwide. To introduce this standard to the care of Iranian ALS patients, which is an inevitable quality milestone, a national ALS clinical practice guideline is the necessary first step. The National ALS guideline will serve as the knowledge base for the development of local clinical pathways to guide patient journeys in multidisciplinary ALS clinics. To this end, we gathered a team of national neuromuscular experts as well as experts in related specialties necessary for delivering multidisciplinary care to ALS patients to develop the Iranian ALS clinical practice guideline. Clinical questions were prepared in the Patient, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome (PICO) format to serve as a guide for the literature search. Considering the lack of adequate national/local studies at this time, a consensus-based approach was taken to evaluate the quality of the retrieved evidence and summarize recommendations
Documenting and predicting topic changes in Computers in Biology and Medicine: A bibliometric keyword analysis from 1990 to 2017
The Computers in Biology and Medicine (CBM) journal promotes the use of com-puting machinery in the ïŹelds of bioscience and medicine. Since the ïŹrst volume in 1970, the importance of computers in these ïŹelds has grown dramatically, this is evident in the diversiïŹcation of topics and an increase in the publication rate. In this study, we quantify both change and diversiïŹcation of topics covered in CBM. This is done by analysing the author supplied keywords, since they were electronically captured in 1990. The analysis starts by selecting 40 keywords, related to Medical (M) (7), Data (D)(10), Feature (F) (17) and ArtiïŹcial Intelligence (AI) (6) methods. Automated keyword clustering shows the statistical connection between the selected keywords. We found that the three most popular topics in CBM are: Support Vector Machine (SVM), Elec-troencephalography (EEG) and IMAGE PROCESSING. In a separate analysis step, we bagged the selected keywords into sequential one year time slices and calculated the normalized appearance. The results were visualised with graphs that indicate the CBM topic changes. These graphs show that there was a transition from ArtiïŹcial Neural Network (ANN) to SVM. In 2006 SVM replaced ANN as the most important AI algo-rithm. Our investigation helps the editorial board to manage and embrace topic change. Furthermore, our analysis is interesting for the general reader, as the results can help them to adjust their research directions
Multiple cutaneous necrotic lesions associated with Interferon beta-1b injection for multiple sclerosis treatment: A case report and literature review
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and debilitating inflammatory autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system. MS patients may experience severe local inflammatory skin reactions during disease-modifying therapy with subcutaneously injected interferon-beta-1b (IFN-ÎČ). We report the case of a 49-year-old woman with relapsing-remitting MS, who developed multiple cutaneous necrotic ulcers on both arms and thighs after 3 months of treatment with subcutaneous IFN-ÎČ-1b. The biopsy specimens showed skin and subcutaneous tissue necrosis. We diagnosed the skin lesions as cutaneous necrotic ulcerations associated with IFN-ÎČ-1b injection. The treatment included ending the use of subcutaneously injected IFN-ÎČ-1b and switching to intramuscularly injected IFN-ÎČ-1a because of the multiple cutaneous necrotic ulcers. The injection of IFN-ÎČ-1b in the areas with lesions was stopped, and the patientâČs clinical condition improved with the addition of routine wound care, surgical debridement, and skin grafting. This report is intended to raise awareness about severe adverse skin reactions which may rarely occur with subcutaneous IFN-ÎČ-1b injection. Early recognition and correction of the injection technique and switching to other forms of interferon can help to prevent these complications
Comparison effect of azithromycin gel 2% with clindamycin gel 1% in patients with acne
Background: Acne vulgaris is the most common skin disease. Local and systemic antimicrobial drugs are used for its treatment. But increasing resistance of Propionibacterium acnes to antibiotics has been reported.
Materials and Methods: In a double-blind clinical trial, 40 patients with mild to moderate acne vulgaris were recruited. one side of the face was treated with Clindamycin Gel 1% and the other side with Azithromycin Topical Gel 2% BID for 8 weeks and then they were assessed.
Results: Average age was 21. 8 ± 7 years. 82.5% of them were female. Average number of papules, pustules and comedones was similarly reduced in both groups and, no significant difference was observed between the two groups (P > 0.05, repeated measurs ANOVA). The mean indexes of ASI and TLC also significantly decreased during treatment in both groups, no significant difference was observed between the two groups. (P > 0.05, repeated measurs ANOVA). Also, impact of both drugs on papules and pustules was 2-3 times greater than the effect on comedones. Average satisfaction score was not significant between the two groups (P = 0.6, repeated measurs ANOVA). finally, frequency distribution of complications was not significant between the two groups (P > 0.05, Fisher Exact test).
Conclusion: Azithromycin gel has medical impact at least similar to Clindamycin Gel in treatment of mild to moderate acne vulgaris, and it may be consider as suitable drug for resistant acne to conventional topical therapy
Studying the effect of progressive muscle relaxation technique on fatigue in hemodialysis patients â Kermanshah- Iran
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Iranian clinical practice guideline for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressive neurodegeneration involving motor neurons. The 3-5 years that patients have to live is marked by day-to-day loss of motor and sometimes cognitive abilities. Enormous amounts of healthcare services and resources are necessary to support patients and their caregivers during this relatively short but burdensome journey. Organization and management of these resources need to best meet patients' expectations and health system efficiency mandates. This can only occur in the setting of multidisciplinary ALS clinics which are known as the gold standard of ALS care worldwide. To introduce this standard to the care of Iranian ALS patients, which is an inevitable quality milestone, a national ALS clinical practice guideline is the necessary first step. The National ALS guideline will serve as the knowledge base for the development of local clinical pathways to guide patient journeys in multidisciplinary ALS clinics. To this end, we gathered a team of national neuromuscular experts as well as experts in related specialties necessary for delivering multidisciplinary care to ALS patients to develop the Iranian ALS clinical practice guideline. Clinical questions were prepared in the Patient, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome (PICO) format to serve as a guide for the literature search. Considering the lack of adequate national/local studies at this time, a consensus-based approach was taken to evaluate the quality of the retrieved evidence and summarize recommendations
Safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (FAKHRAVACÂź) in healthy adults aged 18â55Â years: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase I clinical trial
Background: The FAKHRAVACÂź, an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, was assessed for safety and immunogenicity. Methods and findings: In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase I trial, we randomly assigned 135 healthy adults between 18 and 55 to receive vaccine strengths of 5 or 10 Όg/dose or placebo (adjuvant only) in 0â14 or 0â21 schedules. This trial was conducted in a single center in a community setting. The safety outcomes in this study were reactogenicity, local and systemic adverse reactions, abnormal laboratory findings, and Medically Attended Adverse Events (MAAE). Immunogenicity outcomes include serum neutralizing antibody activity and specific IgG antibody levels.The most frequent local adverse reaction was tenderness (28.9%), and the most frequent systemic adverse reaction was headache (9.6%). All adverse reactions were mild, occurred at a similar incidence in all six groups, and were resolved within a few days. In the 10-”g/dose vaccine group, the geometric mean ratio for neutralizing antibody titers at two weeks after the second injection compared to the placebo group was 9.03 (95% CI: 3.89â20.95) in the 0â14 schedule and 11.77 (95% CI: 2.77â49.94) in the 0â21 schedule. The corresponding figures for the 5-”g/dose group were 2.74 (1.2â6.28) and 5.2 (1.63â16.55). The highest seroconversion rate (four-fold increase) was related to the 10-”g/dose group (71% and 67% in the 0â14 and 0â21 schedules, respectively). Conclusions: FAKHRAVACÂź is safe and induces a strong humoral immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus at 10-”g/dose vaccine strength in adults aged 18â55. This vaccine strength was used for further assessment in the phase II trial.Trial registrationThis study is registered with https://www.irct.ir; IRCT20210206050259N1