Influence of different adhesive systems and resin cements on their bond strength to root canal dentin: an integrative review

Os espigões de fibra de vidro são amplamente utilizados na restauração de dentes tratados endodonticamente que apresentam uma extensa perda de estrutura coronal. Para sua adesão ao interior do canal radicular, são usados diferentes tipos de agentes cimentação. Os cimentos mais usados actualmente, os cimentos resinosos, podem ser divididos por três categorias principais: etch&rinse, self-etch and self-adhesives cements. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a influência de diferentes adesivos e cimentos de resina na sua força de ligação à dentina do canal radicular. Foi realizada uma pesquisa no PubMed em Janeiro de 2021, utilizando a seguinte combinação de termos de pesquisa:" Self-Etch Adhesive” OR “Self-Adhesive Cement” OR Self Etch Adhesive” OR “separate etch” OR “separate adhesive” OR “intraradicular bonding” AND “fiber post” OR “post” AND “bond strength” OR “dental bonding” OR “cement” AND “root canal” OR “dual cure cement” OR “adhesive”. Um total de 196 artigos foram identificados no PubMed e 27 estudos foram incluídos nesta revisão sistemática integrativa tendo sido seleccionados de acordo com os critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Os resultados encontrados indicam que o self-etch é actualmente a melhor alternativa em termos de adesivos, porque apresentam resultados melhores ou iguais em termos push-out bond strength quando comparado com o etch-and-rinse (24,33MPa contra 18,61 MPa), para além da sua facilidade de utilização e de serem menos sensíveis à técnica. Os self-adhesive cements são também uma alternativa eficaz de acordo com a maioria dos autores, mostrando resultados de força de ligação igual ou melhor do que o etch-and-rinse ou o self-etch (22,17 ± 2,83 MPa para o SAC contra 11,13 ± 2,40 MPa para o E&R; 573,65 ± 71,66 N para o SAC contra 457,46 ±115,35 N para o SE). Além disso, tal como para o self-etch, são muito fáceis de utilizar, requerem menos tempo e são menos sensíveis à técnica. Contudo, pode ser necessário acrescentar alguns passos, tais como o etching ao utilizar self-etch ou self-adhesove para ultrapassar as suas limitações. Em condições óptimas, self-etch adesivos e self-adhesive cimentos fornecem resultados superiores de ligação dentina a etch&rinse adesivos e cimentos convencionais.Glass fiber posts are a widely used in the restoration of endodontically treated teeth with extensive loss of coronal structure. For their adhesion to the interior of the root canal, different types of luting agents are used. Acutally, the most commonly used resin cements, can be divided into three main categories: etch&rinse, self-etch and self-adhesives cements. The objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of different adhesives and resin cements on their bond strength to root canal dentin. A PubMed search was performed in January 2021 using the following combination of keywords: "Self-Etch Adhesive" OR "Self-Adhesive Cement" OR "Self Etch Adhesive" OR "separate etch" OR "separate adhesive" OR "intraradicular bonding" AND "fiber post" OR "post" AND "bond strength" OR "dental bonding" OR "cement" AND "root canal" OR "dual-cure cement" OR "adhesive". A total of 196 articles were identified in PubMed and 27 studies were included in this integrative systematic review and were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results found indicate that self-etch is currently the best alternative in terms of adhesives because they show better or equal push out bond strength results when compared to etch-and-rinse (24.33MPa against 18.61 MPa) in addition to their ease of use and being less sensitive to technique. Self-adhesive cements are also an effective alternative according to most authors, showing equal or better push out bond strength results than etch-and-rinse or self-etch (22.17 ± 2.83 MPa for the SAC against 11.13 ± 2.40 MPa for the E&R; 573.65 ± 71.66 N for the SAC against 457.46 ±115.35 N for the SE). Moreover, as for self-etch, they are very easy to use, require less time and are less sensitive to the technique. However, it may be necessary to add some steps such as etching when using self-etch or self-adhesive to overcome their limitations. Under optimal conditions, self-etch adhesives and self-adhesive cements provide superior dentin bonding results to etch&rinse adhesives and conventional cements

Case 1 : Mobilizing Knowledge into Action: Best Practices in Responding to Urgent Refugee Health and Resettlement Service Needs

The Syrian Civil War has displaced 6.5 million people internally within Syria (UNHCR, 2016) and has led 5 million to flee the country and live as refugees in Turkey, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, and other North African countries (UNHCR, 2017). In 2015, the Canadian government and Canadian citizens stepped in with a nationwide commitment to resettle 25,000 Syrian refugees. Due to community-based rallying, the commitment expanded to a total of 40,000 Syrian refugees by mid-2017 (Government of Canada, 2017). In response to this urgent and unprecedented arrival of refugees, hundreds of community agencies and many community groups across Canada banded together to provide services and supports to Syrian families (Hansen & Huston, 2016; Access Alliance Multicultural Health and Community Services, 2017). Various sectors were represented in this effort: healthcare, settlement, community and nonprofit, housing, education, government, language, sponsor groups, children’s services, community and civic participation, police and safety, faith-based organizations, research, employment, and food assistance. Among organizations that represented these sectors, Access for Health and Settlement Centre was a community health centre that situated itself in a temporary accommodation site, serving primary health care, interpretation, and other community services (Access Alliance Multicultural Health and Community Services, 2017). Through this effort, Dr. Zola Faraji, a senior scientist at Access for Health and Settlement Centre, and his community-based research team began to recognize the importance of documenting the manner in which the response was unfolding around them within the Greater Toronto Area (GTA). Zola knew that upon the government’s announcement to resettle so many Syrian refugees in Canada, none of the sectors and agencies who were to participate were adequately prepared to coordinate a response that matched the urgency of the situation. However, the response had been a remarkable one but not without its successes and challenges. Therefore, Zola conducted an environmental scan to document how service provider agencies within the GTA planned and delivered health, settlement, and other services for a large number of refugee families within a short period of time through a cross-sector perspective (Access Alliance Multicultural Health and Community Services, 2017). The study findings captured key successes and challenges that informed the development of best practices for refugee health and resettlement services, particularly in relation to future large-scale arrivals of refugees. Now, Zola and her team are at a crossroad. They possess vital research findings and must develop recommendations as well as relationships with key players across various involved sectors. The team is developing a knowledge translation strategy. How can Zola and her team develop and implement a strategy that ensures that knowledge is not only shared but implemented into action? How can this research be utilized in a knowledge-to-action framework to benefit these vulnerable populations in the future

Towards Ontology-based SQA Recommender for Agile Software Development

Agility is heavily dependent on tacit knowledge, skilled and motivated employees, and frequent communications. Although, the Agile Manifesto claims fast and light software development process while maintaining high quality, it is however not very clear how current agile practices and methods attain quality under time pressure and unstable requirements. In this paper, we present an ontological approach for process-driven Quality Assurance support for agile software development. Challenges related to the role of Quality Assurance in agile projects are addressed by developing a process-driven recommender that provides tailored resources to user’s queries. The proposed ontological model embeds both conceptual and operational SQA knowledge about software processes and their requirements, including quality attributes, SQA measurements, SQA metrics and related SQA techniques and procedures

Documenting and predicting topic changes in Computers in Biology and Medicine: A bibliometric keyword analysis from 1990 to 2017

The Computers in Biology and Medicine (CBM) journal promotes the use of com-puting machinery in the fields of bioscience and medicine. Since the first volume in 1970, the importance of computers in these fields has grown dramatically, this is evident in the diversification of topics and an increase in the publication rate. In this study, we quantify both change and diversification of topics covered in CBM. This is done by analysing the author supplied keywords, since they were electronically captured in 1990. The analysis starts by selecting 40 keywords, related to Medical (M) (7), Data (D)(10), Feature (F) (17) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) (6) methods. Automated keyword clustering shows the statistical connection between the selected keywords. We found that the three most popular topics in CBM are: Support Vector Machine (SVM), Elec-troencephalography (EEG) and IMAGE PROCESSING. In a separate analysis step, we bagged the selected keywords into sequential one year time slices and calculated the normalized appearance. The results were visualised with graphs that indicate the CBM topic changes. These graphs show that there was a transition from Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to SVM. In 2006 SVM replaced ANN as the most important AI algo-rithm. Our investigation helps the editorial board to manage and embrace topic change. Furthermore, our analysis is interesting for the general reader, as the results can help them to adjust their research directions

An Ontological Approach to Model Software Quality Assurance Knowledge Domain

Software Quality Assurance (SQA) becomes one of the most important objectives of software development and maintenance activities, and many SQA standards have emerged as part of the Software Engineering discipline. However, despite the effort made to improve consistency and coherency among SAQ standards, still there is no single standard that covers the whole SQA knowledge area. To contribute to this effort, this paper presents a framework of an ontological model to describe and define both domain and operational knowledge of SQA. International standards (SWEBOK, IEEE, and ISO) were the main sources of the terminology and semantic relations of the proposed SQA conceptual model. Different approaches have been used to evaluate the developed SQA ontology. The ultimate goal was to develop an ontology that faithfully models the SQA discipline as practiced in the software development life cycle