Nutraceutic effect of free condensed tannins of lysiloma acapulcensis (kunth) benth on parasite infection and performance of pelibuey sheep

Abstract Forty-five Pelibuey sheep were experimentally infested with nematodes to evaluate the effect of three free condensed tannin (FCT) levels of Lysiloma acapulcensis on fecal egg counts (FECs), packed cell volumes (PCV), ocular mucosa colors (OMC), average daily gain (ADG), and adult nematode count. Five treatments were used: 12.5, 25.0, and 37.5 mg of FCT kg−1 of body weight (BW); sterile water (control); and ivermectine (0.22 mg kg−1 of BW) as chemical group. The data were processed through repeated measure- ment analysis. Even though the three FCT doses decreased (P < 0.05) the FEC, the highest reduction was obtained with 37.5 mg kg−1 of BW. No differences were observed in PCV and OMC. Higher ADG (P < 0.05) was observed with 37.5 mg kg−1 of BW of FCT. The count of adult nematodes (females and males) in the higher dose of FCT was similar to chemical treatment. Dose of 37.5 mg kg−1 of BW decreased the parasite infection and improved the lamb performance. Therefore, this dose could be used as a nutraceutic product in sheep production.This work was undertaken with funds from the Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (Project UAEM 1026/2014RIFC). Our gratitude also goes to the Mexican National Council for Science and Technology (CONACYT) for the grant received by Cesar García Hernández

Substitution of corn grain for dehydrated lemon bagasse in rearing heifer´s diets

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la sustitución del grano de maíz (GM) por niveles crecientes de bagazo de limón deshidratado (BLD) en dietas de recría de vaquillonas. Se utilizaron 40 vaquillonas Braford (158 ± 3,5 kg PV inicial) asignadas aleatoriamente en 20 corrales, siendo cada corral la unidad experimental. Se generaron cuatro tratamientos a partir de la inclusión de proporciones crecientes de BLD en la dieta (0, 15, 30 y 45 % MS) en reemplazo del GM. La duración del ensayo fue de 90 d. Se evaluó el peso vivo final (PVf), el aumento medio diario (AMD), el consumo de ración (CMS), la conversión alimenticia (EC), el espesor de grasa dorsal (EGD) y el área de ojo de bife (AOB). Se recolectaron muestras individuales de cada ingrediente y muestras compuestas de las raciones ofrecidas para la determinación de la composición química. El diseño experimental fue completamente aleatorizado con 5 repeticiones por tratamiento. Los resultados fueron analizados utilizando el procedimiento GLM de SAS, siendo declaradas diferencias con P < 0,05. La sustitución parcial o total del GM por el BLD no generó diferencias significativas sobre el PVf (P = 0,61), CMS (P = 0,59), AMD (P = 0,35), EC (P = 0,29), AOB (P = 0,19) y EGD (P = 0,17). Se concluye que el bagazo de limón es un sub-producto que puede sustituir en forma parcial o total al grano de maíz en dietas de recría sin afectar el desempeño animal.The objective of this study was to evaluate the substitution of corn grain (CG) for increasing levels of dehydrated lemon bagasse (DLB) in rearing heifer ́s diets. Forty Braford heifers (158 ± 3.5 kg LW) were randomly assigned in 20 pens, considering each pen as an experimental unit. Four treatments were generated from the inclusion of increasing proportions of DLB in the diet (0, 15, 30, and 45% DM) in replacement of the corn grain. The experiment lasted 90 d. Final live weight (FLW), average daily gain (ADG), dry matter intake (DMI), feed conversion (feed:gain), backfat thickness (BFT), and rib eye area (REA) were evaluated. Individual samples of each ingredient and composite samples of the offered rations were collected for the determination of the chemical composition. The experimental design was completely randomized with 5 repetitions per treatment. The results were analyzed using the GLM procedure of SAS, being declared differences with P < 0.05. The partial or total substitution of the GM for the DLB did not generate significant differences on the FLW (P = 0.61), DMI (P = 0.59), ADG (P = 0.35), feed conversion (P = 0.29), REA (P = 0.19), and BFT (P = 0.17). It is concluded that DLB is a co-product that can partially or totally replace the corn grain in rearing diets without affecting animal performance.Fil: Lopez, Agustin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santiago del Estero. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santiago del Estero; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Tucumán-Santiago del Estero. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santiago del Estero; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Facultad de Agronomía y Agroindustrias; ArgentinaFil: Nasca, Jose Andres. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido; ArgentinaFil: Hernandez, Olegario. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Tucumán-Santiago del Estero. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santiago del Estero; ArgentinaFil: Fissolo, H.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Tucumán-Santiago del Estero. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santiago del Estero; ArgentinaFil: Zimerman, María. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido; ArgentinaFil: Bottegal, Diego Nicolas. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido; ArgentinaFil: Molina, A.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido; ArgentinaFil: Royo, V.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido; ArgentinaFil: Franck, C.. No especifíca;Fil: Arroquy, Jose Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Cesáreo Naredo; Argentin

The impact of regional heterogeneity in whole-brain dynamics in the presence of oscillations

Large variability exists across brain regions in health and disease, considering their cellular and molecular composition, connectivity and function. Large-scale whole-brain models comprising coupled brain regions provide insights into the underlying dynamics that shape complex patterns of spontaneous brain activity. In particular, biophysically grounded mean-field whole-brain models in the asynchronous regime were used to demonstrate the dynamical consequences of including regional variability. Nevertheless, the role of heterogeneities when brain dynamics are supporting by synchronous oscillating state, which is a ubiquitous phenomenon in brain, remains poorly understood. Here, we implemented two models capable of presenting oscillatory behaviour with different levels of abstraction: a phenomenological Stuart Landau model and an exact mean-field model. The fit of these models informed by structural-to-functional–weighted MRI signal (T1w/T2w) allowed to explore the implication of the inclusion of heterogeneities for modelling resting-state fMRI recordings from healthy participants. We found that disease-specific regional functional heterogeneity imposed dynamical consequences within the oscillatory regime in fMRI recordings from neurodegeneration with specific impacts in brain atrophy/structure (Alzheimer patients). Overall, we found that models with oscillations perform better when structural and functional regional heterogeneities are considered showing that phenomenological and biophysical models behave similarly at the brink of the Hopf bifurcation.Fil: Sanz Perl Hernandez, Yonatan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Universidad de San Andrés; Argentina. Universitat Pompeu Fabra; EspañaFil: Zamora Lopez, Gorka. Universitat Pompeu Fabra; EspañaFil: Montbrió, Ernest. Universitat Pompeu Fabra; EspañaFil: Monge Asensio, Martí. Universitat Pompeu Fabra; EspañaFil: Vohryzek, Jakub. Universitat Pompeu Fabra; España. University of Oxford; Reino UnidoFil: Fittipaldi, María Sol. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de San Andrés; Argentina. University of California; Estados Unidos. Trinity College; IrlandaFil: Gonzalez Campo, Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de San Andrés; ArgentinaFil: Moguilner, Sebastian Gabriel. University of California; Estados Unidos. Trinity College; Irlanda. Universidad Adolfo Ibañez; ChileFil: Ibañez, Agustin Mariano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de San Andrés; Argentina. University of California; Estados Unidos. Trinity College; Irlanda. Universidad Adolfo Ibañez; ChileFil: Tagliazucchi, Enzo Rodolfo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Universidad de San Andrés; Argentina. Universidad Adolfo Ibañez; ChileFil: Yeo, B. T. Thomas. National University of Singapore; SingapurFil: Kringelbach, Morten L.. University of Oxford; Reino Unido. University Aarhus; Dinamarca. Universidade do Minho; PortugalFil: Deco, Gustavo. Universitat Pompeu Fabra; España. Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences; Alemania. Monash University; Australi

Sustitución del grano de maíz por bagazo de limón deshidratado en dietas de recría de vaquillonas = Substitution of corn grain for dehydrated lemon bagasse in rearing heifer´ s diets

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la sustitución del grano de maíz (GM) por niveles crecientes de bagazo de limón deshidratado (BLD) en dietas de recría de vaquillonas. Se utilizaron 40 vaquillonas Braford (158 ± 3,5 kg PV inicial) asignadas aleatoriamente en 20 corrales, siendo cada corral la unidad experimental. Se generaron cuatro tratamientos a partir de la inclusión de proporciones crecientes de BLD en la dieta (0, 15, 30 y 45 % MS) en reemplazo del GM. La duración del ensayo fue de 90 d. Se evaluó el peso vivo final (PVf), el aumento medio diario (AMD), el consumo de ración (CMS), la conversión alimenticia (EC), el espesor de grasa dorsal (EGD) y el área de ojo de bife (AOB). Se recolectaron muestras individuales de cada ingrediente y muestras compuestas de las raciones ofrecidas para la determinación de la composición química. El diseño experimental fue completamente aleatorizado con 5 repeticiones por tratamiento. Los resultados fueron analizados utilizando el procedimiento GLM de SAS, siendo declaradas diferencias con P < 0,05. La sustitución parcial o total del GM por el BLD no generó diferencias significativas sobre el PVf (P = 0,61), CMS (P = 0,59), AMD (P = 0,35), EC (P = 0,29), AOB (P = 0,19) y EGD (P = 0,17). Se concluye que el bagazo de limón es un sub-producto que puede sustituir en forma parcial o total al grano de maíz en dietas de recría sin afectar el desempeño animal.The objective of this study was to evaluate the substitution of corn grain (CG) for increasing levels of dehydrated lemon bagasse (DLB) in rearing heifer ́s diets. Forty Braford heifers (158 ± 3.5 kg LW) were randomly assigned in 20 pens, considering each pen as an experimental unit. Four treatments were generated from the inclusion of increasing proportions of DLB in the diet (0, 15, 30, and 45% DM) in replacement of the corn grain. The experiment lasted 90 d. Final live weight (FLW), average daily gain (ADG), dry matter intake (DMI), feed conversion (feed:gain), backfat thickness (BFT), and rib eye area (REA) were evaluated. Individual samples of each ingredient and composite samples of the offered rations were collected for the determination of the chemical composition. The experimental design was completely randomized with 5 repetitions per treatment. The results were analyzed using the GLM procedure of SAS, being declared differences with P < 0.05. The partial or total substitution of the GM for the DLB did not generate significant differences on the FLW (P = 0.61), DMI (P = 0.59), ADG (P = 0.35), feed conversion (P = 0.29), REA (P = 0.19), and BFT (P = 0.17). It is concluded that DLB is a co-product that can partially or totally replace the corn grain in rearing diets without affecting animal performance.EEA Santiago del EsteroFil: López, Agustín. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santiago del Estero; Argentina.Fil: López, Agustín. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Facultad de Agronomía y Agroindustrias; Argentina.Fil: Nasca, Jose Andres. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido; ArgentinaFil: Hernandez, Olegario. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santiago del Estero; ArgentinaFil: Fissolo, Hector Miguel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santiago del Estero; ArgentinaFil: Zimerman, María. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido; ArgentinaFil: Bottegal, Diego Nicolas. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido; ArgentinaFil: Molina Arias, Alvaro Marcelo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido; ArgentinaFil: Royo, Victoria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido; ArgentinaFil: Franck, C. Asesor privado; ArgentinaFil: Arroquy, Jose Ignacio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Cesareo Naredo; Argentina.Fil: Arroquy, Jose Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Arroquy, Jose Ignacio. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía; Argentina

Brain health in diverse settings : How age, demographics and cognition shape brain function

Peer reviewe

Brain clocks capture diversity and disparities in aging and dementia

Brain clocks, which quantify discrepancies between brain age and chronological age, hold promise for understanding brain health and disease. However, the impact of diversity (including geographical, socioeconomic, sociodemographic, sex and neurodegeneration) on the brain-age gap is unknown. We analyzed datasets from 5,306 participants across 15 countries (7 Latin American and Caribbean countries (LAC) and 8 non-LAC countries). Based on higher-order interactions, we developed a brain-age gap deep learning architecture for functional magnetic resonance imaging (2,953) and electroencephalography (2,353). The datasets comprised healthy controls and individuals with mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer disease and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia. LAC models evidenced older brain ages (functional magnetic resonance imaging: mean directional error = 5.60, root mean square error (r.m.s.e.) = 11.91; electroencephalography: mean directional error = 5.34, r.m.s.e. = 9.82) associated with frontoposterior networks compared with non-LAC models. Structural socioeconomic inequality, pollution and health disparities were influential predictors of increased brain-age gaps, especially in LAC (R² = 0.37, F² = 0.59, r.m.s.e. = 6.9). An ascending brain-age gap from healthy controls to mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer disease was found. In LAC, we observed larger brain-age gaps in females in control and Alzheimer disease groups compared with the respective males. The results were not explained by variations in signal quality, demographics or acquisition methods. These findings provide a quantitative framework capturing the diversity of accelerated brain aging.</p

Brain clocks capture diversity and disparities in aging and dementia across geographically diverse populations

Peer reviewe

Pharmacological and nutritional targeting of voltage-gated sodium channels in the treatment of cancers

International audienc

May Measurement Month 2018: a pragmatic global screening campaign to raise awareness of blood pressure by the International Society of Hypertension

Aims Raised blood pressure (BP) is the biggest contributor to mortality and disease burden worldwide and fewer than half of those with hypertension are aware of it. May Measurement Month (MMM) is a global campaign set up in 2017, to raise awareness of high BP and as a pragmatic solution to a lack of formal screening worldwide. The 2018 campaign was expanded, aiming to include more participants and countries. Methods and results Eighty-nine countries participated in MMM 2018. Volunteers (≥18 years) were recruited through opportunistic sampling at a variety of screening sites. Each participant had three BP measurements and completed a questionnaire on demographic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Hypertension was defined as a systolic BP ≥140 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg, or taking antihypertensive medication. In total, 74.9% of screenees provided three BP readings. Multiple imputation using chained equations was used to impute missing readings. 1 504 963 individuals (mean age 45.3 years; 52.4% female) were screened. After multiple imputation, 502 079 (33.4%) individuals had hypertension, of whom 59.5% were aware of their diagnosis and 55.3% were taking antihypertensive medication. Of those on medication, 60.0% were controlled and of all hypertensives, 33.2% were controlled. We detected 224 285 individuals with untreated hypertension and 111 214 individuals with inadequately treated (systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg) hypertension. Conclusion May Measurement Month expanded significantly compared with 2017, including more participants in more countries. The campaign identified over 335 000 adults with untreated or inadequately treated hypertension. In the absence of systematic screening programmes, MMM was effective at raising awareness at least among these individuals at risk