Los lenguajes artísticos y el contexto cultural como mediadores pedagógicos y sociales

A partir del proyecto Infancia, Familia, Escuela y Contexto se hacen acercamientos a la comunidad del sector rural del Puente de Boyacá, donde se identifica falta de motivación de algunas familias por vincularse a la escuela, en el proceso formativo de los hijos. Entonces, surge la pregunta de investigación ¿Qué estrategias de mediación favorecen el fortalecimiento de las dimensiones de la primera infancia, del sector rural Puente de Boyacá?. A partir de esta se ve la necesidad de la integración de estos dos agentes educativos, sustentado en referentes teóricos de mediación social y pedagógica y los lenguajes artísticos, apoyados en estrategias desde los lenguajes artísticos y el contexto cultural que permiten a padres, madres y maestros evidenciar sus capacidades en un trabajo cooperativo para el fortalecimiento del desarrollo de la primera infancia.   En esta investigación, se logró propiciar espacios de integración pedagógica y social como herramientas de mediación y contribuir en el desarrollo integral de la primera infancia.

Teoria da argumentação jurídica em confronto com o populismo judicial

Na obra “Os onze”, Felipe Recondo e Luiz Weber retratam os bastidores do Supremo Tribunal Federal, no Brasil. Segundo os autores, os onze guardiões da Constituição fazem uso da opinião pública como fundamento, distanciando-se das razões substanciais que deveriam embasar as decisões. Esse problema se encaixa no que é denominado pela doutrina como “populismo judicial”. A hipótese do artigo é que mediante o uso “metapositivista” de teóricos da argumentação jurídica, a Corte brasileira realmente atua de forma populista. A metodologia do trabalho é descritiva e lógico-dedutiva. A investigação analisa a bibliografia a respeito do tema, abordando criticamente a teoria da argumentação jurídica. O artigo descreve a evolução do pensamento jurídico que conduziu à adoção do uso de argumentos persuasivos e das técnicas da razão prática na solução das questões jurídicas, em complemento à utilização dos postulados da razão teórica. O texto relata a defesa realizada por Theodor Viehweg e Chaïm Perelman do uso da tópica e da retórica no Direito para, em seguida, apresentar a temática desenvolvida por Robert Alexy concernente ao discurso jurídico como modalidade específica de discurso prático. Ao final, analisa a colaboração de Aulis Aarnio ao estudo da relação entre linguagem e Direito com o objetivo de interpretação do ordenamento jurídico e obtenção de uma resposta racional para o caso concreto. Ao fim, conclui que estas teorias podem ser utilizadas como parâmetro para uma crítica ao populismo judicial, encarnado nos “onze” do STF

CyberKnife Robotic-Assisted Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Advanced Stages of Ciliochoroidal Uveal Melanoma. Preliminary Results in Mexico

Objective: The objective of this study was to report the early results of CyberKnife® (CK®) stereotactic radiosurgery in advanced stages of ciliochoroidal (CBCh) melanoma in Mexican patients. Methods: A retrospective review of charts was performed to analyze the outcomes of patients who underwent CK® (Accuray Inc, Sunnyvale, CA, United States). Results: Four patients with CBCh melanoma were treated under this protocol. The mean age was 53.2 ± 5.3 years (range, 47-60). Median of follow-up was 9.5 ± 3.1 months (range, 5-12). Mean tumor diameter was 13.49 mm, mean thickness, 11.74 mm, and mean gross tumor volume was 1251.97 mm3. Tumors were dome- (50%) and mushroom-shaped (50%) in medium-to-large sizes. Three patients had T3b tumors, and one had a T4d tumor at the early tumor staging according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer. A mean dose of 2763 ± 181.3 cGy was prescribed to the 90% isodose line. All patients achieved local tumor control after single-session radiosurgery at the latest follow-up. One patient presented with acute toxicity (extensive serous retinal detachment associated with radiation induced tumor vasculopathy) that was promptly managed. None of the patients required secondary enucleation. Conclusions: CK® appears to be an effective therapy for medium to large-sized CBCh melanoma. A prospective comparative study with longer follow-up is needed to confirm these findings and to evaluate long-term morbidity

PEDIA: prioritization of exome data by image analysis.

PURPOSE: Phenotype information is crucial for the interpretation of genomic variants. So far it has only been accessible for bioinformatics workflows after encoding into clinical terms by expert dysmorphologists. METHODS: Here, we introduce an approach driven by artificial intelligence that uses portrait photographs for the interpretation of clinical exome data. We measured the value added by computer-assisted image analysis to the diagnostic yield on a cohort consisting of 679 individuals with 105 different monogenic disorders. For each case in the cohort we compiled frontal photos, clinical features, and the disease-causing variants, and simulated multiple exomes of different ethnic backgrounds. RESULTS: The additional use of similarity scores from computer-assisted analysis of frontal photos improved the top 1 accuracy rate by more than 20-89% and the top 10 accuracy rate by more than 5-99% for the disease-causing gene. CONCLUSION: Image analysis by deep-learning algorithms can be used to quantify the phenotypic similarity (PP4 criterion of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines) and to advance the performance of bioinformatics pipelines for exome analysis

Pooled analysis of WHO Surgical Safety Checklist use and mortality after emergency laparotomy

Background The World Health Organization (WHO) Surgical Safety Checklist has fostered safe practice for 10 years, yet its place in emergency surgery has not been assessed on a global scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate reported checklist use in emergency settings and examine the relationship with perioperative mortality in patients who had emergency laparotomy. Methods In two multinational cohort studies, adults undergoing emergency laparotomy were compared with those having elective gastrointestinal surgery. Relationships between reported checklist use and mortality were determined using multivariable logistic regression and bootstrapped simulation. Results Of 12 296 patients included from 76 countries, 4843 underwent emergency laparotomy. After adjusting for patient and disease factors, checklist use before emergency laparotomy was more common in countries with a high Human Development Index (HDI) (2455 of 2741, 89.6 per cent) compared with that in countries with a middle (753 of 1242, 60.6 per cent; odds ratio (OR) 0.17, 95 per cent c.i. 0.14 to 0.21, P <0001) or low (363 of 860, 422 per cent; OR 008, 007 to 010, P <0.001) HDI. Checklist use was less common in elective surgery than for emergency laparotomy in high-HDI countries (risk difference -94 (95 per cent c.i. -11.9 to -6.9) per cent; P <0001), but the relationship was reversed in low-HDI countries (+121 (+7.0 to +173) per cent; P <0001). In multivariable models, checklist use was associated with a lower 30-day perioperative mortality (OR 0.60, 0.50 to 073; P <0.001). The greatest absolute benefit was seen for emergency surgery in low- and middle-HDI countries. Conclusion Checklist use in emergency laparotomy was associated with a significantly lower perioperative mortality rate. Checklist use in low-HDI countries was half that in high-HDI countries.Peer reviewe

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Mediación pedagógica y social en la infancia

A partir del proyecto Infancia, Familia, Escuela y Contexto se hacen acercamientos a la comunidad del sector rural del Puente de Boyacá, donde se identifica falta de motivación de algunas familias por vincularse a la escuela, en el proceso formativo de los hijos. Entonces, surge la pregunta de investigación ¿Qué estrategias de mediación favorecen el fortalecimiento de las dimensiones de la primera infancia, del sector rural Puente de Boyacá?. A partir de esta se ve la necesidad de la integración de estos dos agentes educativos, sustentado en referentes teóricos de mediación social y pedagógica y los lenguajes artísticos, apoyados en estrategias desde los lenguajes artísticos y el contexto cultural que permiten a padres, madres y maestros evidenciar sus capacidades en un trabajo cooperativo para el fortalecimiento del desarrollo de la primera infancia. En esta investigación, se logró propiciar espacios de integración pedagógica y social como herramientas de mediación y contribuir en el desarrollo integral de la primera infancia.

Mediación pedagógica y social en la infancia

A partir del proyecto Infancia, Familia, Escuela y Contexto se hacen acercamientos a la comunidad del sector rural del Puente de Boyacá, donde se identifica falta de motivación de algunas familias por vincularse a la escuela, en el proceso formativo de los hijos. Entonces, surge la pregunta de investigación ¿Qué estrategias de mediación favorecen el fortalecimiento de las dimensiones de la primera infancia, del sector rural Puente de Boyacá?. A partir de esta se ve la necesidad de la integración de estos dos agentes educativos, sustentado en referentes teóricos de mediación social y pedagógica y los lenguajes artísticos, apoyados en estrategias desde los lenguajes artísticos y el contexto cultural que permiten a padres, madres y maestros evidenciar sus capacidades en un trabajo cooperativo para el fortalecimiento del desarrollo de la primera infancia. En esta investigación, se logró propiciar espacios de integración pedagógica y social como herramientas de mediación y contribuir en el desarrollo integral de la primera infancia.