33 research outputs found
Plasma triglyceride concentrations are rapidly reduced following individual bouts of endurance exercise in women
It is known that chronic endurance training leads to improvements in the lipoprotein profile, but less is known about changes that occur during postexercise recovery acutely. We analyzed triglyceride (TG), cholesterol classes and apolipoproteins in samples collected before, during and after individual moderate- and hard-intensity exercise sessions in men and women that were isoenergetic between intensities. Young healthy men (n = 9) and young healthy women (n = 9) were studied under three different conditions with diet unchanged between trials: (1) before, during and 3 h after 90 min of exercise at 45% VO2peak (E45); (2) before, during and 3 h after 60 min of exercise at 65% VO2peak (E65), and (3) in a time-matched sedentary control trial (C). At baseline, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was higher in women than men (P < 0.05). In men and in women, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-C, apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), apolipoprotein B (apoB), and LDL peak particle size were unaltered by exercise either during exertion or after 3 h of recovery. In women, but not in men, average plasma TG was significantly reduced below C at 3 h postexercise by approximately 15% in E45 and 25% in E65 (P < 0.05) with no significant difference between exercise intensities. In summary, plasma TG concentration rapidly declines following exercise in women, but not in men. These results demonstrate an important mechanism by which each individual exercise session may incrementally reduce the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women
Multiple M. tuberculosis Phenotypes in Mouse and Guinea Pig Lung Tissue Revealed by a Dual-Staining Approach
A unique hallmark of tuberculosis is the granulomatous lesions formed in the lung. Granulomas can be heterogeneous in nature and can develop a necrotic, hypoxic core which is surrounded by an acellular, fibrotic rim. Studying bacilli in this in vivo microenvironment is problematic as Mycobacterium tuberculosis can change its phenotype and also become acid-fast negative. Under in vitro models of differing environments, M. tuberculosis alters its metabolism, transcriptional profile and rate of replication. In this study, we investigated whether these phenotypic adaptations of M. tuberculosis are unique for certain environmental conditions and if they could therefore be used as differential markers. Bacilli were studied using fluorescent acid-fast auramine-rhodamine targeting the mycolic acid containing cell wall, and immunofluorescence targeting bacterial proteins using an anti-M. tuberculosis whole cell lysate polyclonal antibody. These techniques were combined and simultaneously applied to M. tuberculosis in vitro culture samples and to lung sections of M. tuberculosis infected mice and guinea pigs. Two phenotypically different subpopulations of M. tuberculosis were found in stationary culture whilst three subpopulations were found in hypoxic culture and in lung sections. Bacilli were either exclusively acid-fast positive, exclusively immunofluorescent positive or acid-fast and immunofluorescent positive. These results suggest that M. tuberculosis exists as multiple populations in most conditions, even within seemingly a single microenvironment. This is relevant information for approaches that study bacillary characteristics in pooled samples (using lipidomics and proteomics) as well as in M. tuberculosis drug development
Ăvaluation qualitative de trois programmes de mentorat dans des institutions dâenseignement supĂ©rieur
Cet article prĂ©sente les rĂ©sultats de trois projets de recherche qui portaient chacun sur lâĂ©valuation dâun programme de mentorat dans une institution quĂ©bĂ©coise dâenseignement supĂ©rieur. Les recherches portaient plus particuliĂšrement sur le vĂ©cu des personnes impliquĂ©es dans la dyade mentor-mentorĂ©. Dans le premier programme Ă©valuĂ©, la relation mentorale est vĂ©cue entre un professionnel enseignant et un Ă©tudiant (professionnel en formation). Dans le deuxiĂšme programme Ă©valuĂ©, cette relation est vĂ©cue entre un enseignant expĂ©rimentĂ© et un enseignant novice. Dans le troisiĂšme programme, la relation en est une entre pairs, câest-Ă -dire entre deux enseignants de maniĂšre non hiĂ©rarchique. Les rĂ©sultats montrent quâen dĂ©pit des diffĂ©rences dans la posture mentorale, ces programmes sont apprĂ©ciĂ©s par les mentors et les mentorĂ©s qui en tirent des bĂ©nĂ©fices rĂ©ciproques sur le plan humain aussi bien que pour leurs pratiques professionnelles