Analozi epselena smanjuju toksičnost 2-kloroetil etilnog sulfida u A-431-stanicama

Vesicants are potent blistering agents. The prototype vesicant is sulphur mustard gas, first used in World War I, which still has no effective antidote. We used a mustard gas surrogate 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulphide (CEES) to study the ability of resveratrol (RES) and pterostilbene (PTS), two well-established stilbene antioxidants, ebselen (EB-1), an organoselenium compound, and three EB-1 analogues (EB-2, EB-3, and EB-4) to reduce CEES toxicity in human epidermoid carcinoma cells (A-431). Following a 24-hour incubation of a toxic concentration of CEES (1000 μmol L-1), we used the MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol- 2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] test to analyse cell viability. Different concentrations of test antioxidants alone (15 μmol L-1, 30 μmol L-1 or 60 μmol L-1) did not decrease cell viability. Treatment with CEES and test antioxidants for 24 h showed that only EB-1 and its analogues EB-2, EB-3, and EB-4 but not the stilbene compounds could rescue the cells from death. EB-1 and EB-4 were the most effective at reducing CEES cytotoxicity and did so in a concentration-dependent manner, while EB-2 and EB-3 demonstrated the least protective effect. In summary, the data described herein indicate that organoselenium antioxidants, especially EB-4, may prove useful as countermeasures to blistering agents.Plikavci izazivaju izražene mjehuriće na koži. Najpoznatiji je svakako sumporni iperit, koji se prvi put uporabio u 1. svjetskom ratu i do današnjega dana nema djelotvornog protuotrova. U ispitivanju smo rabili zamjenu za iperit, 2-kloroetil etilni sulfi d (CEES) da bismo testirali sposobnost resveratrola (RES) i pterostilbena (PTS), dvaju poznatih stilbenskih antioksidansa, organoselenijeva spoja epselena (EB-1) te njegovih triju analoga (EB-2, EB-3 i EB-4) da smanji toksičnost CEES-a u humanih stanica epidermoidnog karcinoma (A-431). Vijabilnost stanica testirali smo s pomoću 3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-difeniltetrazol bromida (MTT) nakon 24-satne inkubacije s toksičnom koncentracijom CEES-a (1000 μmol L-1). Antioksidansi davani sami u različitim koncentracijama (15 μmol L-1, 30 μmol L-1, odnosno 60 μmol L-1) nisu smanjili vijabilnost stanica. Dvadesetčetverosatna primjena CEES-a i testiranih antioksidansa pokazala je da samo EB-1 i njegovi analozi EB-2, EB-3 i EB-4 mogu spriječiti smrt stanica, ali ne i stilbenski spojevi. EB-1 i EB-4 pokazali su se najdjelotvornijima u ublažavanju toksičnosti CEES-a u skladu s koncentracijom, dok su se EB-2 i EB-3 pokazali najmanje djelotvornima. Ovdje prikazani podaci upućuju na to da organoselenijevi antioksidansi, a napose EB-4, mogu biti korisni protuotrovi plikavcima

Vehicle Detection Using Alex Net and Faster R-CNN Deep Learning Models: A Comparative Study

This paper has been presented at : 5th International Visual Informatics Conference (IVIC 2017)This paper presents a comparative study of two deep learning models used here for vehicle detection. Alex Net and Faster R-CNN are compared with the analysis of an urban video sequence. Several tests were carried to evaluate the quality of detections, failure rates and times employed to complete the detection task. The results allow to obtain important conclusions regarding the architectures and strategies used for implementing such network for the task of video detection, encouraging future research in this topic.S.A. Velastin is grateful to funding received from the Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no. 600371, el Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (COFUND2013-51509) and Banco Santander. The authors wish to thank Dr. Fei Yin for the code for metrics employed for evaluations. Finally, we gratefully acknowledge the support of NVIDIA Corporation with the donation of the GPUs used for this research. The data and code used for this work is available upon request from the authors