Measurement of nuclear modification factors of gamma(1S)), gamma(2S), and gamma(3S) mesons in PbPb collisions at root s(NN)=5.02 TeV

The cross sections for ϒ(1S), ϒ(2S), and ϒ(3S) production in lead-lead (PbPb) and proton-proton (pp) collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV have been measured using the CMS detector at the LHC. The nuclear modification factors, RAA, derived from the PbPb-to-pp ratio of yields for each state, are studied as functions of meson rapidity and transverse momentum, as well as PbPb collision centrality. The yields of all three states are found to be significantly suppressed, and compatible with a sequential ordering of the suppression, RAA(ϒ(1S)) > RAA(ϒ(2S)) > RAA(ϒ(3S)). The suppression of ϒ(1S) is larger than that seen at √sNN = 2.76 TeV, although the two are compatible within uncertainties. The upper limit on the RAA of ϒ(3S) integrated over pT, rapidity and centrality is 0.096 at 95% confidence level, which is the strongest suppression observed for a quarkonium state in heavy ion collisions to date. © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Funded by SCOAP3.Peer reviewe

Electroweak production of two jets in association with a Z boson in proton-proton collisions root s =13 TeV

A measurement of the electroweak (EW) production of two jets in association with a Z boson in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV is presented, based on data recorded in 2016 by the CMS experiment at the LHC corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1). The measurement is performed in the lljj final state with l including electrons and muons, and the jets j corresponding to the quarks produced in the hard interaction. The measured cross section in a kinematic region defined by invariant masses m(ll) > 50 GeV, m(jj) > 120 GeV, and transverse momenta P-Tj > 25 GeV is sigma(EW) (lljj) = 534 +/- 20 (stat) fb (syst) fb, in agreement with leading-order standard model predictions. The final state is also used to perform a search for anomalous trilinear gauge couplings. No evidence is found and limits on anomalous trilinear gauge couplings associated with dimension-six operators are given in the framework of an effective field theory. The corresponding 95% confidence level intervals are -2.6 <cwww/Lambda(2) <2.6 TeV-2 and -8.4 <cw/Lambda(2) <10.1 TeV-2. The additional jet activity of events in a signal-enriched region is also studied, and the measurements are in agreement with predictions.Peer reviewe

Solar disinfection of wild Salmonella sp. in natural water with a 18 L CPC photoreactor: detrimental effect of non-sterile storage of treated water

For the first time solar disinfection of liters of water containing wild Salmonella sp. and total coliforms was carried out in a compound parabolic collector (CPC) photoreactor at temperatures of almost 50 C. Using surface water with high turbidity, this treatment was efficient in completely inactivating Salmonella sp. without regrowth during the subsequent 72 h of dark sterile storage. However if the solar treated water is poured in a non- sterile container, bacteria regrowth occurs even if 10 mg L1 of H2O2 is added before the storage. On the other hand, 30 mg L1 of H2O2 added when the irradiation started was completely depleted within 2 h and did not prevent bacterial regrowth during post-irradiation storage in non-sterile containers, demonstrating that storage of large volumes of water treated by solar irradiation was not optimal. Finally, total coliforms (Escherichia coli included) showed a far higher sensitivity than Salmonella sp. and demonstrated to be an inappropriate indicator for monitoring bacterial contamination in water during solar disinfection processes.Fil: Sciacca, Frédéric . GGEC. Institute of Chemical Science and Engineering. Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne; SuizaFil: Rengifo Herrera, Julian Andres. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas; ArgentinaFil: Wéthé, Joseph . Laboratoire Eau de pollution, Ecosysteme et Sante. Institut International d’Ingenierie de l’Eau et l’Environnement (2iE). ; Burkina FasoFil: Pulgarin, Cesar. GGEC. Institute of Chemical Science and Engineering. Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne; Suiz

Race For Water Odyssey: Quantitative and Qualitative Assessment of Marine Plastic Debris Collected on Shorelines

With the help of the local people we met during the course of the 2015 Odyssey, the main objective, obtaining a collection of comparable data about marine plastic pollution using the NOAA internationally recognized protocol, has been achieved. It cannot be sufficiently stressed that not one of the 30 sampled shorelines during this worldwide journey was free from marine plastic debris. As for the recent identification of plastic debris in the Arctic and Antarctic areas, this observation confirms that plastic contamination in the oceans is ubiquitous. Whether in terms of macrodebris (>2.5 cm) or microplastics (< 5 mm) concentrations, Hawaii constitutes by far the 2015 Odyssey’s most notable hotspot. The highest macrodebris concentration registered at Kamilo Point in Hawaii (more than 3,500 macrodebris per 100 m2) was almost ten times greater than the second hotspot of the 2015 Odyssey, Pago Bay (372) on Guam Island in the Mariana Archipelago. Hawaii also constitutes the highest microplastics concentration hotspot with more than 94,000 particles per m2 collected once again at Kamilo Point again. For comparison, the second highest concentration, Ovahe beach on Easter Island, revealed more than 24,000 microparticles per m2. Unfortunately, based on their locations, marine macrodebris concentrations can suffer bias due to direct waste disposal (intentional or accidental) of tourists and/or local residents, and also because of the consecutive shoreline clean-up campaigns. Therefore, microplastic concentrations are a more reliable indicator to establish a comparison between study sites. On that basis, Northeast Pacific islands – especially the Hawaiian Archipelago – experience the most significant marine debris accumulation, followed by those of the South Pacific, Northeast Atlantic, Indian, Northwest Atlantic, Northeast Pacific and South Atlantic Oceans respectively. The macrodebris and microplastic average concentrations are summarized below in Figure 1. In qualitative terms, the hard plastic fragments category largely dominates the macroplastics content except for Palau and Chagos (BIOT). Other dominant categories are plastic foams, bottles and caps, and fishing lines and ropes. Foams were particularly predominant in Chagos, while bottles and caps constituted almost 70% of macrodebris in Palau. Besides, significantly higher bottle and cap concentrations were evidenced near the Asian continent. Fishing lines and ropes stood out particularly in Bermuda. Microplastic concentrations confirmed these trends with more than 80% of hard plastic fragments on every stopover, except Easter Island and Tristan da Cunha (around 60%). More specifically, Easter Island showed a significant concentration of pellets, while Bermuda confirmed a strong presence of fishing lines among the microparticles. Lastly, the polymer analysis of the hard plastic fragments ranging from 1 mm to 2.5 cm revealed the prevalence of polyethylene (PE) throughout all of the study sites, except for Tristan da Cunha where polypropylene (PP) dominated. Hawaii, Mariana, Palau and Mascarene also showed significant PP concentrations (between 31 to 47% of items). Other kinds of polymer such as EVA and PMP, have been evidenced especially on Tristan da Cunha, but also on the Azores and Mariana

Types and concentration of microplastics found on remote island beaches during the Race for Water Odyssey

Initiated in 2015 by the Race for Water Foundation, the Race for Water Odyssey is an environmental expedition which sailed across Atlantic, Pacific & Indian Oceans. It has 3 main goals: i) analyse plastic pollution on beaches of remote islands; ii) raise awareness about water plastic pollution; iii) identify solutions to prevent waste from ending in the ocean. Results: High inter-archipelago and inter-beaches variability of micro-plastic concentrations for this worldwide study The North and South Pacific Gyres are the most polluted areas, followed by the North Atlantic Gyre and the Indian Ocean Gyre. Data for the South Atlantic Gyre will come later Hard fragments in large proportion in every stopover, probably mostly due to the degradation of larger plastic debris Pellets also are of great concern, as they were found in every beach, except for Palau Higher polyethylene proportion for hard fragments (1-5 mm), with significant local variation

Quelle toxicité pour les plastiques récoltés sur nos plages ?

Les débris plastiques accumulés dans l’océan mondial représentent une quantité considérable de plusieurs dizaines de millions de tonnes. Les microplastiques sont de minuscules fragments de plastique de diamètre compris entre 1 µm et 5 mm. Ils résultent soit de la dégradation de macroplastiques soit de la dispersion de microplastiques (MP) présents dans les détergents, les produits de soin corporel, etc. L'accumulation de particules microplastiques dans l'environnement aquatique représente une préoccupation émergente. En effet, ces petites particules peuvent être ingérées par les organismes vivants et provoquer des effets physiques et /ou toxicologiques. Ce sont également des surfaces d’adsorption et des vecteurs pour de nombreux polluants en particulier des substances hydrophobes. De nombreuses études ont documenté la présence de microplastiques dans les milieux aquatiques et la contamination du biote mais les impacts sur les organismes aquatiques sont peu connus à ce jour. Ce travail visait à caractériser les microplastiques présents sur des plages au niveau des principaux gires océaniques (Odyssée Race for Water 2015) puis à mesurer leur toxicité sur cellules (lignée RTLW1) et embryons et larves d’un poisson modèle le médaka Japonais, Oryzias latipes. Aucune toxicité n'a été observée pour les microplastiques commerciaux quels que soit l'essai biologique et le mode de contamination utilisés. Il a été en revanche montré que la densité et la composition des microplastiques varie selon les plages ainsi que les concentrations en HAP, PCB et pesticides organochlorés adsorbés. Les extraits organiques (DMSO) de ces plastiques n’ont pas induit d’effets aigus ni sur cellules ni sur embryons. En revanche, une induction significative de l’activité EROD, des dommages à l’ADN (test des comètes) a été observée sur cellules comme sur embryons pour certains échantillons (Hawaï). Par ailleurs, chez les larves à l’éclosion la croissance et le comportement natatoire ont été affectés. Enfin, des larves nourries pendant 30 jours avec un aliment enrichi en MP (0,1%) ont vu leur survie et/ou leur croissance et leur comportement natatoire affectés. Cette étude démontre pour la première fois l’écotoxicité potentielle de microplastiques collectés en milieu naturel et pose la question du risque que font peser ces particules sur les écosystèmes aquatiques

Les plastiques collectés sur nos plages sont-ils toxiques pour les poissons?

L’accumulation de particules microplastiques dans l’environnement aquatique représente une préoccupation émergent. Ces petites particules peuvent être ingérées par les organismes vivants et provoquer des effets physiques et/ou toxicologiques. Ce sont également des surfaces d’adsorption et de vecteurs pour de nombreux polluants en particulier des substances organiques hydrophobes (HAP, PCB...). Les impacts sur les organismes aquatiques sont peu connus à ce jour. Ce travail a pour objectifs de : (i) caractériser les MP sur 3 plages de différentes îles à proximité de gyre océanique ; (ii) mesurer leur toxicité sur cellules (lignée RTLW1) et embryons et larves de poisson. Les résultats montrent que : - les échantillons environnementaux de MPs sont composés de différents polymères (PP et PE) et différents cocktails de polluants (HAP, PCB, DDT). - La toxicité est forte pour les extraits de MP de Hawaï. – Un même gradient de toxicité pour les trois tests utilisés Ha>Gu=Ea. – Des effets délétères des MPs sur différentes fonctions : croissance, développement, intégrité génétique. - Effets à long terme de l’exposition chronique aux MPs = longévité, croissance, reproduction, immunité...