41 research outputs found
Frauen, Religion und Bollywood
Die Diplomarbeit untersucht populĂ€re Bollywood-Filme in Hinblick auf den darin enthaltenden Diskurs zum traditionellen brahmanisch-hinduistischen Frauenideal. Im Zentrum dieser Arbeit stehen drei populĂ€re Filme aus dem Jahr 2009. Anhand dieser Filme wird versucht herauszuarbeiten, inwiefern dieses Frauenideal im populĂ€ren Hindi-Film prĂ€sent ist oder welchen Wandlungen es unterliegt. Bekannte episch-religiöse Frauenfiguren wie SÄ«tÄ, DraupadÄ« und SavitrÄ« verkörpern ein populĂ€res Frauenideal in der indischen Gesellschaft und werden immer wieder als Vorbilder fĂŒr das Leben realer Frauen herangezogen. Gesellschaftliche VerĂ€nderungen, die durch Globalisierung und Wachstum bedingt sind, zeigen sich auch in der indischen Bevölkerung. Dem Bollywood-Kino in seiner Funktion als Vermittler von Werten wird eine groĂe Rolle in der Kommunikation und dem Verhandeln neuer Bedeutungen zugesprochen. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die weiblichen Hauptfiguren dieser drei populĂ€ren Bollywood-Filme auf die Darstellung und VerĂ€nderungen des traditionellen brahmanisch-hinduistischen Frauenideals hin zu untersuchen, diese in den gesellschaftlichen Kontext einzubinden und mögliche VerĂ€nderungen zu erörtern. ZusĂ€tzlich wird untersucht, inwieweit religiöse Elemente im Film vorkommen und dargestellt werden.
Die Arbeit gliedert sich in einen theoretisch-beschreibenden und einen analytisch-interpretativen Teil. Im ersten Kapitel der Arbeit werden die Eigenheiten des indischen Kinos und der im Bollywood-Film und vorkommende Frauentypen dargestellt. Danach folgt eine nĂ€here BeschĂ€ftigung mit der Geschichte und der Entwicklung des Frauenideals. Die groĂen Epen und deren zentrale Frauenfiguren werden erörtert und das religiöse Leben die religiösen Pflichten der Frauen erklĂ€rt. Der theoretische Rahmen ist in zwei Teile gegliedert. Zu Beginn wird der Film im Sinne der Cultural Studies als kultureller Text und das darin enthaltene Frauenbild als kulturelle ReprĂ€sentation definiert. Dem Zuseher kommt hier in seiner Funktion als aktiver Rezipient eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Demnach werden die kognitiven TĂ€tigkeiten der Zuseher anhand der Handlung und der Ă€sthetischen Gestaltungsmittel zwar vom Text vorstrukturiert, die Bedeutungen realisieren sich aber erst im Zuge der Aneignung durch den Rezipienten. Weiblichkeit wird hier nicht als biologische Konstante sondern als sozial konstruiert und durch Geschlechtsdarstellung, Geschlechtszuweisung und Performance vermittelt angesehen. Nach einer kurzen EinfĂŒhrung in die Figurenanalyse werden die in den Filmen Wanted, Love Aaj Kal und Ajab Prem Ki Ghazab Khahani auftretenden Frauenfiguren analysiert und in weiterer Folge mit weiteren Filmen aus dem Jahr 2009 abgeglichen.
In der Analyse zeigt sich eine Wandlung des traditionellen Frauenideals, traditionelle Merkmale werden mit neuen Eigenschaften vermischt und dargestellt. Religiöse Motive und Anspielungen sind auch weiterhin prÀsent, doch kommt ihnen nunmehr eine geringere Bedeutung zu
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A novel retinoblastoma therapy from genomic and epigenetic analyses.
Retinoblastoma is an aggressive childhood cancer of the developing retina that is initiated by the biallelic loss of RB1. Tumours progress very quickly following RB1 inactivation but the underlying mechanism is not known. Here we show that the retinoblastoma genome is stable, but that multiple cancer pathways can be epigenetically deregulated. To identify the mutations that cooperate with RB1 loss, we performed whole-genome sequencing of retinoblastomas. The overall mutational rate was very low; RB1 was the only known cancer gene mutated. We then evaluated the role of RB1 in genome stability and considered non-genetic mechanisms of cancer pathway deregulation. For example, the proto-oncogene SYK is upregulated in retinoblastoma and is required for tumour cell survival. Targeting SYK with a small-molecule inhibitor induced retinoblastoma tumour cell death in vitro and in vivo. Thus, retinoblastomas may develop quickly as a result of the epigenetic deregulation of key cancer pathways as a direct or indirect result of RB1 loss
Manual de Indicadores para Monitoreo de Planes Prediales de Manejo de Bosque con GanaderĂa Integrada â MBGI RegiĂłn PatagĂłnica
El presente informe presenta los indicadores MBGI a una escala predial para la regiĂłn PatagĂłnica, y propone una metodologĂa para la toma de informaciĂłn y posterior anĂĄlisis de los indicadores. En un proceso participativo, entendido como una consulta amplia a expertos y trabajo de taller para la redefiniciĂłn y priorizaciĂłn de indicadores, y por indicaciĂłn de la Mesa Nacional MBGI, se generaron los siguientes indicadores de monitoreo a escala predial. El trabajo se llevĂł adelante con la participaciĂłn de un grupo diversificado de expertos especialmente seleccionados (ej. INTA, Universidades, CONICET, Direcciones de Bosques, MAyDS, MAGyP).
Los indicadores que a continuaciĂłn se detallan son una guĂa orientativa y facilitadora para los productores, tĂ©cnicos y organismos del Estado en el manejo adaptativo de las prĂĄcticas MBGI en la regiĂłn PatagĂłnica. Es decir, los indicadores han sido diseñados como una herramienta para la determinaciĂłn de las lĂneas de base a nivel predial, asĂ como para asistir al monitoreo de los planes de manejo, brindando elementos bĂĄsicos para la interpretaciĂłn, reflexiĂłn y ajuste de las prĂĄcticas de manejo implementadas en el campo. La sustentabilidad per se, puede ser un objetivo mĂłvil dados los cambios ambientales y sociales que se producen temporalmente. Sin embargo, es importante resaltar, que existen umbrales que, al ser traspasados impiden el logro de la misma. Este es uno de los principales objetivos del empleo de indicadores, aunque uno de los aspectos mĂĄs complejos. Tanto evaluar la evoluciĂłn de los indicadores a travĂ©s del tiempo, como referir el estado de los mismos a dichos umbrales son las principales funciones de su mediciĂłn, ya que subrayan las alertas mĂĄs necesarias a la hora de implementar un manejo adaptativo. Otro aspecto central a tener en cuenta es que el predio debe contar con un ĂĄrea bajo pastoreo, un ĂĄrea de conservaciĂłn y un ĂĄrea conectora, las que deben estar claramente especificadas, en el espacio. Cada una de ellas posee un objetivo diferente. Por ello, los indicadores deberĂan reflejar la situaciĂłn real en cada una en forma independiente, considerando que el valor âdeseadoâ o esperado dependerĂĄ del objetivo que esa ĂĄrea deba cumplir.EEA Santa CruzFil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Instituto Nacional de TecnologĂa Agropecuaria (INTA). EstaciĂłn Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina.Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina.Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; Argentina.Fil: Rusch, VerĂłnica Elena. Instituto Nacional de TecnologĂa Agropecuaria (INTA). EstaciĂłn Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Ărea Forestal. Grupo de EcologĂa Forestal; Argentina.Fil: Von MĂŒller, Axel. Instituto Nacional de TecnologĂa Agropecuaria (INTA). EstaciĂłn Experimental Agropecuaria Esquel; Argentina.Fil: Varela, Santiago Agustin. Instituto Nacional de TecnologĂa Agropecuaria (INTA). EstaciĂłn Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Quinteros, Claudia Pamela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro cientĂfico tecnolĂłgico Conicet - Patagonia norte; Argentina.Fil: Quinteros, Claudia Pamela. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco". Centro de investigaciĂłn Esquel de montaña y estepa patagonica; Argentina.Fil: MartĂnez Pastur, Guillermo JosĂ©. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones CientĂficas (CADIC); Argentina
Evaluating the impact of interprofessional training wards on patient satisfaction and clinical outcomes: a mixed-methods analysis
Introduction:
Interprofessional teamwork is pivotal in modern healthcare,
prompting the establishment of interprofessional training wards since 1996. While these wards serve as hubs for optimizing healthcare professional collaboration and communication, research into patient outcomes remains notably sparse and geographically limited, predominantly examining patient satisfaction and sparingly exploring other metrics like mortality or self-discharge rates. This study seeks to bridge this gap, comparing patient outcomes in interprofessional training wards and conventional wards under the hypothesis that the former offers no disadvantage to patient outcomes.
Materials and methods:
We explored patient outcomes within an interprofessional student ward called A-STAR at a University Hospital from October 2019 to December 2022. Engaging with patients discharged between May 2021 and April 2022, we utilized digital and paper-based anonymous questionnaires, catering to patient preference, to gather pertinent data.
Results:
Analysis of outcomes for 1,482 A-STAR (interprofessional student ward)
and 5,752 conventional ward patients revealed noteworthy findings. A-STAR
patients tended to be younger (59 vs. 61 years, p < 0.01) and more frequently
male (73.5% vs. 70.4%, p = 0.025). Vital clinical outcomes, such as discharges
against medical advice, complication-driven readmissions, and ICU transfers,
were statistically similar between groups, as were mortality rates (1.2% vs. 1.3%,
p = 0.468). A-STAR demonstrated high patient satisfaction, underscored by
positive reflections on team competence, ward atmosphere, and responsiveness
to concerns, emphasizing the value placed on interprofessional collaboration.
Patient narratives commended team kindness, lucid explanations, and proactive
involvement.
Discussion:
This data collectively underscores the safety and reliability of
patient care within training wards, affirming that patients can trust the care
provided in these settings. Patients on the interprofessional ward demonstrated
high satisfaction levels: 96.7% appreciated the atmosphere and conduct of ward
rounds. In comparison, 98.3% were satisfied with the discussion and information about their treatment during their hospital stay
Threshold-Dependent BMP-Mediated Repression: A Model for a Conserved Mechanism That Patterns the Neuroectoderm
Subdivision of the neuroectoderm into three rows of cells along the dorsal-ventral axis by neural identity genes is a highly conserved developmental process. While neural identity genes are expressed in remarkably similar patterns in vertebrates and invertebrates, previous work suggests that these patterns may be regulated by distinct upstream genetic pathways. Here we ask whether a potential conserved source of positional information provided by the BMP signaling contributes to patterning the neuroectoderm. We have addressed this question in two ways: First, we asked whether BMPs can act as bona fide morphogens to pattern the Drosophila neuroectoderm in a dose-dependent fashion, and second, we examined whether BMPs might act in a similar fashion in patterning the vertebrate neuroectoderm. In this study, we show that graded BMP signaling participates in organizing the neural axis in Drosophila by repressing expression of neural identity genes in a threshold-dependent fashion. We also provide evidence for a similar organizing activity of BMP signaling in chick neural plate explants, which may operate by the same double negative mechanism that acts earlier during neural induction. We propose that BMPs played an ancestral role in patterning the metazoan neuroectoderm by threshold-dependent repression of neural identity genes
Distribution Analysis of Hydrogenases in Surface Waters of Marine and Freshwater Environments
Background
Surface waters of aquatic environments have been shown to both evolve and consume hydrogen and the ocean is estimated to be the principal natural source. In some marine habitats, H2 evolution and uptake are clearly due to biological activity, while contributions of abiotic sources must be considered in others. Until now the only known biological process involved in H2 metabolism in marine environments is nitrogen fixation.
Principal Findings
We analyzed marine and freshwater environments for the presence and distribution of genes of all known hydrogenases, the enzymes involved in biological hydrogen turnover. The total genomes and the available marine metagenome datasets were searched for hydrogenase sequences. Furthermore, we isolated DNA from samples from the North Atlantic, Mediterranean Sea, North Sea, Baltic Sea, and two fresh water lakes and amplified and sequenced part of the gene encoding the bidirectional NAD(P)-linked hydrogenase. In 21% of all marine heterotrophic bacterial genomes from surface waters, one or several hydrogenase genes were found, with the membrane-bound H2 uptake hydrogenase being the most widespread. A clear bias of hydrogenases to environments with terrestrial influence was found. This is exemplified by the cyanobacterial bidirectional NAD(P)-linked hydrogenase that was found in freshwater and coastal areas but not in the open ocean.
Significance
This study shows that hydrogenases are surprisingly abundant in marine environments. Due to its ecological distribution the primary function of the bidirectional NAD(P)-linked hydrogenase seems to be fermentative hydrogen evolution. Moreover, our data suggests that marine surface waters could be an interesting source of oxygen-resistant uptake hydrogenases. The respective genes occur in coastal as well as open ocean habitats and we presume that they are used as additional energy scavenging devices in otherwise nutrient limited environments. The membrane-bound H2-evolving hydrogenases might be useful as marker for bacteria living inside of marine snow particles
Stakeholders' perspectives on the operationalisation of the ecosystem service concept : Results from 27 case studies
The ecosystem service (ES) concept is becoming mainstream in policy and planning, but operational influence on practice is seldom reported. Here, we report the practitioners' perspectives on the practical implementation of the ES concept in 27 case studies. A standardised anonymous survey (n = 246), was used, focusing on the science-practice interaction process, perceived impact and expected use of the case study assessments. Operationalisation of the concept was shown to achieve a gradual change in practices: 13% of the case studies reported a change in action (e.g. management or policy change), and a further 40% anticipated that a change would result from the work. To a large extent the impact was attributed to a well conducted science-practice interaction process (>70%). The main reported advantages of the concept included: increased concept awareness and communication; enhanced participation and collaboration; production of comprehensive science-based knowledge; and production of spatially referenced knowledge for input to planning (91% indicated they had acquired new knowledge). The limitations were mostly case-specific and centred on methodology, data, and challenges with result implementation. The survey highlighted the crucial role of communication, participation and collaboration across different stakeholders, to implement the ES concept and enhance the democratisation of nature and landscape planning. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe
Transcriptome dynamics of a broad host-range cyanophage and its hosts
Cyanobacteria are highly abundant in the oceans and are constantly exposed to lytic viruses. The T4-like cyanomyoviruses are abundant in the marine environment and have broad host-ranges relative to other cyanophages. It is currently unknown whether broad host-range phages specifically tailor their infection program for each host, or employ the same program irrespective of the host infected. Also unknown is how different hosts respond to infection by the same phage. Here we used microarray and RNA-seq analyses to investigate the interaction between the Syn9 T4-like cyanophage and three phylogenetically, ecologically and genomically distinct marine Synechococcus strains: WH7803, WH8102 and WH8109. Strikingly, Syn9 led a nearly identical infection and transcriptional program in all three hosts. Different to previous assumptions for T4-like cyanophages, three temporally regulated gene expression classes were observed. Furthermore, a novel regulatory element controlled early-gene transcription, and host-like promoters drove middle gene transcription, different to the regulatory paradigm for T4. Similar results were found for the P-TIM40 phage during infection of Prochlorococcus NATL2A. Moreover, genomic and metagenomic analyses indicate that these regulatory elements are abundant and conserved among T4-like cyanophages. In contrast to the near-identical transcriptional program employed by Syn9, host responses to infection involved host-specific genes primarily located in hypervariable genomic islands, substantiating islands as a major axis of phage-cyanobacteria interactions. Our findings suggest that the ability of broad host-range phages to infect multiple hosts is more likely dependent on the effectiveness of host defense strategies than on differential tailoring of the infection process by the phage
The German National Registry of Primary Immunodeficiencies (2012-2017)
Introduction: The German PID-NET registry was founded in 2009, serving as the first national registry of patients with primary immunodeficiencies (PID) in Germany. It is part of the European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID) registry. The primary purpose of the registry is to gather data on the epidemiology, diagnostic delay, diagnosis, and treatment of PIDs.
Methods: Clinical and laboratory data was collected from 2,453 patients from 36 German PID centres in an online registry. Data was analysed with the software StataÂź and Excel.
Results: The minimum prevalence of PID in Germany is 2.72 per 100,000 inhabitants. Among patients aged 1â25, there was a clear predominance of males. The median age of living patients ranged between 7 and 40 years, depending on the respective PID. Predominantly antibody disorders were the most prevalent group with 57% of all 2,453 PID patients (including 728 CVID patients). A gene defect was identified in 36% of patients. Familial cases were observed in 21% of patients. The age of onset for presenting symptoms ranged from birth to late adulthood (range 0â88 years). Presenting symptoms comprised infections (74%) and immune dysregulation (22%). Ninety-three patients were diagnosed without prior clinical symptoms. Regarding the general and clinical diagnostic delay, no PID had undergone a slight decrease within the last decade. However, both, SCID and hyper IgE- syndrome showed a substantial improvement in shortening the time between onset of symptoms and genetic diagnosis. Regarding treatment, 49% of all patients received immunoglobulin G (IgG) substitution (70%âsubcutaneous; 29%âintravenous; 1%âunknown). Three-hundred patients underwent at least one hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Five patients had gene therapy.
Conclusion: The German PID-NET registry is a precious tool for physicians, researchers, the pharmaceutical industry, politicians, and ultimately the patients, for whom the outcomes will eventually lead to a more timely diagnosis and better treatment
TRY plant trait database â enhanced coverage and open access
Plant traits - the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants - determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of traitâbased plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits - almost complete coverage for âplant growth formâ. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and traitâenvironmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives