Control estadístico para el monitoreo del proceso de corte de pastillas de jabón

This study aims to apply the methodology of statistical process control charts in the monitoring of the net weight of soap bars of a production line, with the objective of evaluating the evolution of this variable as a characteristic of product quality; the results of traditional charts are compared to EWMA memory charts. In manufacturing processes where the misalignments are minimal, Shewhart charts may be less sensitive to these mismatches, which may take a long time to be detected. In this study are applied EWMA control charts that are more appropriate than traditional ones to detect small mismatches more quickly. Having the CEP charts for the monitoring and subsequent analysis of the process variables will enable timely detection of changes in product quality, evaluation of quality aspects of the manufacturing process and continuous improvement in the processes.Este estudio tiene como propósito aplicar la metodología de las cartas de control estadístico de procesos en el monitoreo del peso neto de pastillas de jabones de una línea de producción, con el objetivo de evaluar la evolución de esta variable como característica de calidad del producto; se comparan los resultados de las cartas tradicionales respecto a cartas con memoria EWMA. En los procesos fabriles en donde los desajustes que se presentan son mínimos, los gráficos Shewhart pueden ser poco sensibles a estos desajustes que pueden tardar mucho tiempo en ser detectados. En este estudio se aplican cartas de control EWMA que son más apropiadas que las tradicionales para detectar pequeños desajustes con más rapidez. Disponer de las cartas CEP para el monitoreo y posterior análisis de las variables de proceso, permitirá detectar oportunamente los cambios en la calidad del producto, evaluar aspectos de la calidad del proceso de manufactura y ejercer mejoras continuas en los mismos.

Entrenamiento pliométrico en la activación neuromuscular de tobillo en sujetos físicamente activos con inestabilidad crónica: una revisión de la literatura

48 p.Introducción: los esguinces laterales de tobillo son unas de las lesiones más comunes en la población general y la más frecuente en jóvenes físicamente activos. Se ha establecido que un 40% de las personas que sufren de esta lesión desarrollan Inestabilidad Crónica de Tobillo. Dentro de los desafíos en las disfunciones de tobillo ha aparecido la pliometría como una posible estrategia de rehabilitación. Objetivo: revisar el efecto de un programa de entrenamiento pliométrico sobre la actividad neuromuscular de tobillo en personas físicamente activas que presentan inestabilidad crónica de tobillo. Metodología: esta revisión de la literatura se obtuvo de las bases de datos Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus y EBSCO, que incluyó ensayos controlados aleatorizados que han analizado el entrenamiento pliométrico en base a la actividad neuromuscular en sujetos físicamente activos con inestabilidad crónica de tobillo durante los últimos 5 años. Conclusión: si bien la información es limitada, el uso de una intervención basada en saltos pliométricos podría ser una herramienta terapéutica capaz de generar mejoras en la activación neuromuscular de los músculos del tobillo con ICT. // ABSTRACT: Introduction: Lateral ankle sprains are one of the most common injuries in general population, and the most frequent in physically active young people. It has been established that 40% of people who suffer from this injury develop Chronic Ankle Instability. Within the challenges in ankle dysfunctions, plyometrics has emerged as a possible rehabilitation strategy. Objective: To check the effect of a plyometric training program on ankle neuromuscular activity in physically active individuals with chronic ankle instability. Methodology: The literature review is based on PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and EBSCO data, including randomized controlled trials that have analyzed the plyometric training based on ankle neuromuscular activity in physical active individuals with chronic ankle instability over the last five years. Conclusion: Even tough information its limitated the use of an intervention based on plyometric jumps could be a therapeutic tool capable of generating improvements in the neuromuscular activation of ankle muscles with CT

5to. Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad. Memoria académica

El V Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad, CITIS 2019, realizado del 6 al 8 de febrero de 2019 y organizado por la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, ofreció a la comunidad académica nacional e internacional una plataforma de comunicación unificada, dirigida a cubrir los problemas teóricos y prácticos de mayor impacto en la sociedad moderna desde la ingeniería. En esta edición, dedicada a los 25 años de vida de la UPS, los ejes temáticos estuvieron relacionados con la aplicación de la ciencia, el desarrollo tecnológico y la innovación en cinco pilares fundamentales de nuestra sociedad: la industria, la movilidad, la sostenibilidad ambiental, la información y las telecomunicaciones. El comité científico estuvo conformado formado por 48 investigadores procedentes de diez países: España, Reino Unido, Italia, Bélgica, México, Venezuela, Colombia, Brasil, Estados Unidos y Ecuador. Fueron recibidas un centenar de contribuciones, de las cuales 39 fueron aprobadas en forma de ponencias y 15 en formato poster. Estas contribuciones fueron presentadas de forma oral ante toda la comunidad académica que se dio cita en el Congreso, quienes desde el aula magna, el auditorio y la sala de usos múltiples de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, cumplieron respetuosamente la responsabilidad de representar a toda la sociedad en la revisión, aceptación y validación del conocimiento nuevo que fue presentado en cada exposición por los investigadores. Paralelo a las sesiones técnicas, el Congreso contó con espacios de presentación de posters científicos y cinco workshops en temáticas de vanguardia que cautivaron la atención de nuestros docentes y estudiantes. También en el marco del evento se impartieron un total de ocho conferencias magistrales en temas tan actuales como la gestión del conocimiento en la universidad-ecosistema, los retos y oportunidades de la industria 4.0, los avances de la investigación básica y aplicada en mecatrónica para el estudio de robots de nueva generación, la optimización en ingeniería con técnicas multi-objetivo, el desarrollo de las redes avanzadas en Latinoamérica y los mundos, la contaminación del aire debido al tránsito vehicular, el radón y los riesgos que representa este gas radiactivo para la salud humana, entre otros

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

CIBERER : Spanish national network for research on rare diseases: A highly productive collaborative initiative

Altres ajuts: Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación.CIBER (Center for Biomedical Network Research; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red) is a public national consortium created in 2006 under the umbrella of the Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII). This innovative research structure comprises 11 different specific areas dedicated to the main public health priorities in the National Health System. CIBERER, the thematic area of CIBER focused on rare diseases (RDs) currently consists of 75 research groups belonging to universities, research centers, and hospitals of the entire country. CIBERER's mission is to be a center prioritizing and favoring collaboration and cooperation between biomedical and clinical research groups, with special emphasis on the aspects of genetic, molecular, biochemical, and cellular research of RDs. This research is the basis for providing new tools for the diagnosis and therapy of low-prevalence diseases, in line with the International Rare Diseases Research Consortium (IRDiRC) objectives, thus favoring translational research between the scientific environment of the laboratory and the clinical setting of health centers. In this article, we intend to review CIBERER's 15-year journey and summarize the main results obtained in terms of internationalization, scientific production, contributions toward the discovery of new therapies and novel genes associated to diseases, cooperation with patients' associations and many other topics related to RD research

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Design and baseline characteristics of the finerenone in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in diabetic kidney disease trial

Background: Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials. Patients and Methods: The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate >= 25 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio >= 30 to <= 5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level alpha = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. Conclusions: FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049

Textos de maestría 1. Apuntes para una clínica psicoanalítica

La publicación de algunos textos de los hoy graduados de la Maestría en Psicología Clínica con mención en Psicopatología y Psicoanálisis tiene un valor de acto, en tanto, su escritura da cuenta del camino que cada uno ha hecho durante el programa y que no es sin efectos. Siendo consecuentes con la transferencia por y para el psicoanálisis, recordamos a través de estos textos la pregunta de Lacan: “Lo que enseña psicoanálisis, ¿Cómo enseñarlo?” Respondiéndolo con una frase de Marcel Czermk: “si no sabemos en qué está aferrado el psicoanálisis, es inútil soñar con una enseñanza del psicoanálisis, se hará medicina o filosofía…”, pues el psicoanálisis es la clínica, el psicoanálisis “es una práctica que se ocupa de lo que no anda bien”

A regional PECS node built from place-based social-ecological sustainability research in Latin America and the Caribbean

Sustainability requires a combination of meaningful co-production of locally relevant solutions, synthesis of insights gained across regions, and increased cooperation between science, policy and practice. The Programme for Ecosystem Change and Society (PECS) has been coordinating Place-Based Social-Ecological Sustainability Research (PBSESR) across the globe and emphasizes the need for regional scientific nodes from diverse biocultural regions to inform sustainability science and action. In this paper, we assess the strengths of the PBSESR communities in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). We provide an overview of PBSESR literature associated with this region and highlight the achievements of two prominent regional networks: The Social-Ecological Systems and Sustainability Research Network from Mexico (SocioEcoS) and the South American Institute for Resilience and Sustainability Studies from Uruguay (SARAS Institute). Finally, we identify the potential in these nodes to constitute a regional PECS node in Latin America and discuss the capacity needed to ensure such function. The results of the literature review show that while still loosely interconnected across the region, networks play key roles in connecting otherwise cloistered teams and we illustrate how the SocioEcoS network (focusing on transdisciplinary co-production of knowledge towards sustainability) and the SARAS Institute (focusing on innovative approaches for looking at complex social-ecological problems, rooted in slow science and arts) operate as key connectors in the region. We conclude that these organizations combined can embody a Latin American node for PECS, and would thereby not only contribute to regional but also global capacities to advance the sustainability agenda.Incluye referencias bibliográfica