Diseño estructural y estandarización de planos para la fabricación de furgones, en la empresa Fibercol S.A

El PRFV (plástico reforzado con fibra de vidrio) es un material compuesto, perteneciente al grupo de los plásticos termofijos el cual posee propiedades mecánicas excepcionales para la construcción de diversos productos. Una de las tecnologías que se emplea en la empresa FIBERCOL S.A, es la fabricación de paneles, para la construcción de furgones, los cuales están dispuestos en estructuras sándwich. Estas estructuras proveen al producto, una gran rigidez, manteniendo la relación primordial en el material; resistencia/peso. Las materias primas que se involucran son las siguientes: resina poliéster insaturada reforzada con fibra de vidrio, gel coat, insertos metálicos, y poliuretano, un material de una densidad bastante baja, que además de servir como núcleo estructural, cumple con una característica esencial para la fabricación del producto, y es la de ser un buen aislante térmico, esto, para el transporte de carga que debe de ser conservada, a bajas temperaturas. En la fabricación del producto, es necesario contar con planos confiables para su ensamble posterior, por esto la importancia de hacer un énfasis en las características de los materiales aquí involucrados. Esto, con el objetivo de predecir los espesores y así definir las tolerancias requeridas, para la construcción de este componente. En muchas aplicaciones, aunque el material posee buenas propiedades mecánicas, es necesario utilizar insertos metálicos, con la finalidad de transmitir las cargas, a las cuales se ve sometido el producto y a la vez, para que ayuden a darle a éste, una rigidez y configuración geométrica apropiadaPasantía (Ingeniero Mecánico)-- Universidad Autónoma de Occidente. Facultad de Ingeniería, 2006PregradoIngeniero(a) Mecánico(a

Acute pancreatitis induced by hypertriglyceridemia and treatment with plasmapheresis : case report

ABSTRACT: Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is a potential cause of acute pancreatitis (AP), especially when its value is higher than 1.000 mg/dL. Different therapeutic measures have been proposed for patients with AP secondary to HTG, including the one that seems to be more effective: plasmapheresis. We report the case of a patient with severe HTG (triglycerides 6.480 mg/dL) that suffered from AP, and had favorable evolution with plasmapheresis.RESUMEN: La hipertrigliceridemia (HTG) es una causa potencial de pancreatitis aguda (PA), especialmente cuando su valor es mayor de 1.000 mg/dL. Se han propuesto diferentes medidas para el tratamiento de pacientes con PA secundaria a HTG, entre ellas la que parece ser más efectiva: la plasmaféresis. Se reporta el caso de un paciente con HTG grave (triglicéridos de 6.480 mg/dL) que presentó una PA y cuya evolución fue favorable con la plasmaféresis

Análisis genético de la población de gatos del norte y sur de Cali, Colombia

Los marcadores genéticos del pelaje y malformaciones óseas han permitido caracterizar el perfil genético de más de 400 poblaciones del gato doméstico alrededor del mundo. Hace 15 años se estableció dicho perfil en la ciudad de Cali (Colombia). En este estudio se determinó si el norte y sur de Cali se comportan como subpoblaciones y se comparó el perfil total con el estudio pasado. Se encontró una disminución de la frecuencia alélica de a (no-agouti) y d (dilution), pero un aumento en cinco, especialmente en l (longhair) y cs (siamese). Dichas diferencias pueden atribuirse a la selección humana de características más atractivas y por el flujo génico resultante del crecimiento demográfico de la ciudad, lo que explicaría también el primer reporte de los alelos inhibitor y ticked abyssinian. Se evaluó el equilibrio Hardy-Weinberg para el norte, sur y las dos zonas juntas, usando los loci white spotting y orange, encontrándose desequilibrio en este último para las tres zonas evaluadas debido a un déficit de heterocigotos. Norte y sur se dividieron en dos, y cada sub-muestra presentó equilibrio Hardy-Weinberg, aunque las diferencias en las frecuencias alélicas y heterocigosidades resaltaron microestructura geográfica y una relación entre tiempo de fundación del barrio y heterocigosidad. Norte y sur resultaron ser una población y no subpoblaciones (FST= 0,0004, D= 0,0017), al igual que las nueve poblaciones colombianas con las que se comparó la presente ciudad. Se sugiere realizar un análisis microgeográfico de flujo génico y la definición de posibles colonias de gatos en Cali.The coat genetic markers and skeleton abnormalities have allowed characterize the profile from more than 400 domestic cat populations around the world. 15 years ago, that profile was established in the city of Cali (Colombia). In this study it was determined if north and south of the city are subpopulations and it was compared the total profile against past study. A decrease in allele frequency of a (non-agouti) and d (dilution) was found, but an increase of five alleles was found, especially in l (long hair) and cs (siamese). These differences could be attributed to human selection of more attractive characteristics and gene flow resulting from demographic growth city, which would also explain the first report of inhibitor and ticked abyssinian alleles. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was evaluated for the north, south and both areas together, using white spotting and orange loci, determining disequilibrium in orange for the three evaluated areas due to a heterozygotes deficit. North and south were divided into two, each sub-sample showed HardyWeinberg equilibrium, although allele frequencies and heterozygosities highlighted microgeographic structure and a relationship between founding time of the neighborhood and heterozygosity. North and south are a single population and aren´t subpopulations (FST= 0,0004, D= 0,0017), as well as nine Colombian populations with which this city was compared. It is suggested to make a microgeographical gene flow analysis and the definition of possible cat colonies in Cali

Aislamiento e identificación de células madre adultas a partir de la grasa infrapatelar de Hoffa / Isolation and identification of stem cells derived of infrapatelar fat pad

ResumenIntroducción: La grasa infrapatelar de Hoffa es una inclusión infraarticular presente en la rodilla y existen evidencias que células multipotentes están presentes en tejido adiposo del humano adulto.Objetivo: El propósito de este trabajo es aislar e identificar células mesenquimales a partir de muestras de la grasa de Hoffa tomadas de pacientes a los que se les practicó cirugía de rodilla que expongan este tejido.Metodología: Una vez obtenido el consentimiento informado de un total de 12 pacientes, se obtuvo la muestra de tejido graso. La grasa fue disgregada incubándola en colagenasa en PBS a 37ºC y con agitación, luego se inactivó con suero fetal bovino, se separaron mediante centrifugación los adipocitos maduros de las células multipotentes y se obtuvieron las muestras para sembrar en medio Mesencult. Una porción de muestra fue utilizada para identificación mediante citometría de flujo y otra parte para ser coloreada con azul de metileno.Resultados y Discusión: Tanto en las tinciones con azul de metileno como en los cultivos celulares se han apreciado células con la morfología propia de una célula mesenquimal en forma de estrella y que fueron corroborados mediante citometría de flujo para los marcadores CD13, CD29, CD59 y CD105; igualmente hemos podido observar la efectividad del tratamiento enzimático.Conclusiones: En la actualidad nos encontramos consolidando los cultivos primarios para posteriormente diferenciarlos en líneas celulares específicas que puedan ser utilizadas en estudios de patologías, tales como obesidad, diabetes y trastornos articulares.Palabras clave: Células madre, grasa de Hoffa, células mandis, cultivo celular.AbstractIntroduction: The infrapatellar fat pad (sometimes know Hoffa´s pad) is a soft tissue that lies beneath the patella (kneecap) separating it from the femoral condyle. There is evidence suggesting the presence of stem cells on adipose tissue in the adult human.Objective: The purpose of this work is to isolate and identify grown stem cells from Hoffa´s fat samples obtained from patients undergoing surgeries exposing this tissue.Materials and Methods: After obtaining informed consent, the biopsy of Hoffa´s fat pad was obtained. The samples were incubated with collagenase and PBS a 37 ºC and agitated, then it was inactivated with fetal bovine serum and centrifuged, washed twice with PBS, the pellet was resuspended and one part was cultivated on Mesencult medium the other part was used for flow cytometry and stained with methylene blue for morphologic analysis. Also before and after the enzyme digestion, the samples were added to 10% formaldehyde to evaluate the collagenase treatment.Results and analysis: The results show the effectiveness of the enzymatic treatment, the architecture of the adipose tissue was lost. The star shape stem cells morphology was appreciated with methylene blue in the cultures, it was corroborated by flow cytometry with CD13, CD29, CD59 and CD 105 markers.Conclusions: Primary cultures are consolidating, the next aim will be to obtain differentiated specific cell types that can be use in the study of obesity, diabetes and articular illnesses. Keywords: Stem cells, infrapatellar fat pad, mandis cells, culture cellula

Design, development and validation of a new laryngo-pharyngeal endoscopic esthesiometer and range-finder based on the assessment of air-pulse variability determinants

BACKGROUND: Laryngo-pharyngeal mechano-sensitivity (LPMS) is involved in dysphagia, sleep apnea, stroke, irritable larynx syndrome and cough hypersensitivity syndrome among other disorders. These conditions are associated with a wide range of airway reflex abnormalities. However, the current device for exploring LPMS is limited because it assesses only the laryngeal adductor reflex during fiber-optic endoscopic evaluations of swallowing and requires a high degree of expertise to obtain reliable results, introducing intrinsic expert variability and subjectivity. METHODS: We designed, developed and validated a new air-pulse laryngo-pharyngeal endoscopic esthesiometer with a built-in laser range-finder (LPEER) based on the evaluation and control of air-pulse variability determinants and on intrinsic observer variability and subjectivity determinants of the distance, angle and site of stimulus impact. The LPEER was designed to be capable of delivering precise and accurate stimuli with a wide range of intensities that can explore most laryngo-pharyngeal reflexes. RESULTS: We initially explored the potential factors affecting the reliability of LPMS tests and included these factors in a multiple linear regression model. The following factors significantly affected the precision and accuracy of the test (P < 0.001): the tube conducting the air-pulses, the supply pressure of the system, the duration of the air-pulses, and the distance and angle between the end of the tube conducting the air-pulses and the site of impact. To control all of these factors, an LPEER consisting of an air-pulse generator and an endoscopic laser range-finder was designed and manufactured. We assessed the precision and accuracy of the LPEER's stimulus and range-finder according to the coefficient of variation (CV) and by looking at the differences between the measured properties and the desired values, and we performed a pilot validation on ten human subjects. The air-pulses and range-finder exhibited good precision and accuracy (CV < 0.06), with differences between the desired and measured properties at <3 % and a range-finder measurement error of <1 mm. The tests in patients demonstrated obtainable and reproducible thresholds for the laryngeal adductor, cough and gag reflexes. CONCLUSIONS: The new LPEER was capable of delivering precise and accurate stimuli for exploring laryngo-pharyngeal reflexes

Neuropathy induced by medical cancer therapy

&nbsp; Los avances recientes en el tratamiento de las enfermedades neoplásicas han mejorado las tasas de supervivencia. Las intervenciones médicas generan diversos efectos adversos agudos que comprometen el tracto gastrointestinal y la médula ósea, mientras la neurotoxicidad tiende a ser tardía y evoluciona en el tiempo. En el sistema nervioso periférico es frecuente documentar la neuropatía inducida por el tratamiento médico del cáncer, hallazgo relacionado con la administración de agentes quimioterapéuticos utilizados para controlar los tumores hematológicos y sólidos. El tratamiento oncológico genera una gran variedad de cambios estructurales y funcionales en los nervios periféricos, incluyendo la afectación de los cuerpos neuronales del sistema de transporte axonal, del recubrimiento mielínico y de las estructuras de soporte glial. Cada agente presenta un espectro de toxicidad único que se relaciona con su mecanismo de acción, eventos que pueden mitigarse gracias a los resultados de múltiples estudios. Gracias al reconocimiento de los efectos devastadores de la neuropatía inducida por el tratamiento médico del cáncer en la calidad de vida, la investigación básica y clínica ha empezado a evaluar el papel de múltiples terapias para prevenir y tratar el daño neurológico. Esta revisión integra información seleccionada a partir de búsquedas estructuras realizadas en las bases de datos biomédicas más relevantes, haciendo énfasis en el diagnóstico y en las intervenciones farmacológicas y no farmacológicas descritas como parte del manejo de la neuropatía inducida por el tratamiento médico del cáncer, que con frecuencia es subvalorada. En conclusión, la información disponible hasta el momento permite establecer los mecanismos de la enfermedad y sugiere el desarrollo de un número mayor de estudios que permitan validar las estrategias descritas hasta el momento. (MÉD.UIS. 2010;23(2):100-19). Palabras clave: Neuropatía periférica. Neoplasia. Enfermedad de los nervios periféricos. Quimioterapia. Taxanos. Vincristina. Cisplatino. Agentes antineoplásicos. Efectos adversos. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Recent advances in the development and administration of therapy for malignant diseases have been rewarded with prolonged survival rates. Unlike more immediate toxicities that affect the gastrointestinal tract and bone marrow, chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity is frequently delayed in onset and may progress over time. In the peripheral nervous system, the major brunt of the toxicity is directed against the peripheral nerve, resulting in cancer therapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Chemotherapeutic agents used to treat hematologic and solid tumors target a variety of structures and functions in the peripheral nervous system, including the neuronal cell body, the axonal transport system, the myelin sheath, and glial support structures. Each agent exhibits a spectrum of effects unique to its mechanism of action, and recent studies in this field have yielded clearer ideas on how to mitigate injury. Combined with the call for a greater recognition of the devastating effects of cancer therapy-induced peripheral neuropathy on quality of life, basic and clinical researchers have begun to investigate therapy to prevent and treat neurologic damage. This review was made based on relevant information avaliable on international databases concerning cancer therapy-induced peripheral neuropathy and summarizes the evidence for diagnosis, pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic approaches to the management of this commonly unrecognized condition. In conclusion, the information avaliable in this moment establish the mechanisms of the disease and exposes the importance of the development of statistically stronger clinical trials that complement current data available in this moment. (MÉD.UIS. 2010;23(1):100-19) Key words: Peripheral neuropathy. Neoplasm. Peripheral nervous system diseases/chemicall induced. Chemotherapy. Taxane. Vincristine. Cisplatin. Antineoplastic agents. Adverse effects

Estudios de propiedad intelectual

Transcurrida la primera década del siglo XXI, uno de los principales retos que continúa afrontando el derecho es determinar los mecanismos más adecuados para proteger la expresión de las ideas. Mientras algunos opinan que no deberían existir regulaciones que impidan acceder al conocimiento, otros afirman que se trata de un derecho que les asiste a los creadores y a quienes participan en el proceso creativo, razón por la cual las normas deben ser cada vez más protectoras e, incluso, sancionatorias. Son múltiples los tópicos que suscita la mencionada controversia, aplicados a diferentes aspectos de la cotidianeidad, enmarcados principalmente en temas relacionados con la investigación y el desarrollo, el comercio, la cultura y la industria del entretenimiento. Transcurrida la primera década del siglo XXI, uno de los principales retos que continúa afrontando el derecho es determinar los mecanismos más adecuados para proteger la expresión de las ideas

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality