Remo : cargas concentradas de força e sua relação com a alteração de diferentes indicadores funcionais

Orientador: Paulo Roberto de OliveiraDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação FisicaResumo: Apesar da vasta história do remo brasileiro, não se conseguiu atingir, até o presente momento, um expressivo desenvolvimento no cenário competitivo internacional. A participação mais marcante dos remadores brasileiros em competições internacionais tem ocorrido em Campeonatos Sul-Americanos e Jogos Pan-Americanos, com a conquista de algumas medalhas. Porém, o retrospecto em competições internacionais de maior expressão ¿ como os Jogos Olímpicos, os Campeonatos do Mundo e, mais recentemente, a Copa do Mundo ¿ demonstram a falta de êxito do sistema de preparação desportiva de remadores brasileiros quando comparado aos de outros países. É urgente a necessidade de buscarem-se alternativas que possam auxiliar a superação da condição atual. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo o estudo do efeito de dois modelos de treinamento. Ambos corresponderam à etapa básica do Sistema de Treinamento de Cargas Concentradas de Força, desenvolvido por Verkhoshansky. A duração do Modelo 1 (M1) foi de quatro semanas, enquanto no Modelo 2 (M2) o treino durou nove semanas. Em relação ao conteúdo do treinamento, houve uma tendência à utilização de cargas de maior intensidade no M1 quando comparado ao M2. No M2 houve a predominância do volume de treinamento em relação ao M1. O efeito de treinamento foi verificado em testes de remoergômetro a partir da observação da alteração percentual ocorrida, entre o momento pré (T0) e pós-treinamento (T1), nos testes de 125 m (potência máxima), 250 m (capacidade anaeróbia lática), 2000 m (potência aeróbia), W4 (limiar anaeróbio), Agachamento (AG) (força máxima), Levantamento Terra (LT) (força máxima) e Remada Deitada (RD) (força máxima). A amostra foi composta por três remadores com passagem pela seleção nacional: dois da categoria peso livre, com idades de 18 e 19 anos, e um da categoria peso leve de 27 anos. Os testes de força máxima apresentaram, em ambos os modelos, uma tendência a revelar alterações negativas, conforme esperado, enquanto os demais mostraram variações positivas. Este fato sugere que as cargas de treinamento relacionadas à força máxima foram organizadas coerentemente com a proposta do Sistema de Treinamento de Cargas Concentradas. Já a organização das cargas relativas aos demais indicadores não foram suficientemente concentradas para provocar alterações negativas na etapa básica, tal como preconiza o Sistema de Treinamento de Cargas ConcentradasAbstract: The sport of rowing has a long history in Brazil, yet Brazilian national rowing teams have failed so far to achieve international success. The best results have occurred in South American Championships and the Pan American Games, were medals have been won. However, the results shown in higher level competitions ¿ like the World Championships, the Olympic Games and, more recently, the World Cup ¿ demonstrate an unsuccessful training system when compared to winning countries. It is urgent and necessary to look for new alternatives to improve Brazilian rowing. This study focuses on the effects of two training models. Both were related to the Concentrated Strength Loads Training System basic phase, developed by Verkhoshansky. Model 1 (M1) duration was four weeks long, while Model 2 (M2) lasted nine weeks. Regarding its content, there was a tendency to use higher intensity training loads in M1 when compared to M2. Training volume was greater in M2 than in M1. Training effects were measured through percentile changes between pre (T0) and post (T1) training in rowing ergometer 125 m tests (maximal power output), 250 m (lactic anaerobic capacity), 2000 m (aerobic power), W4 (lactate treshold), maximal strength in the squat (AG), the deadlift and the bench pull. Three national team level male rowers aged 18 and 19 years ¿ both heavyweight ¿ and a 27 years old lightweight participated in the experiment. In both models, results in maximal strength tests declined, as expected, but all other parameters showed improvements. The results suggest the training loads related to maximal strength were organized in accordance with the Concentrated Strength Loads Training System. Training loads related to all other parameters were not concentrated enough in order to provoke negative changes in the basic phase, as proposed by the Concentrated Strength Loads Training SystemMestradoMestre em Educação Físic

Action research with youth coaches : building knowledge about the possibilities of preparing the training system plan

Orientador: João Paulo BorinTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação FísicaResumo: Pesquisadores que atuam na área de ciências do esporte acreditam que o conhecimento que eles produzem é capaz de beneficiar a preparação esportiva de atletas, por outro lado, treinadores percebem uma série de barreiras que limitam o acesso deles ao conhecimento produzido pelos pesquisadores, ou seja, treinadores que atuam com a preparação de atletas, por enquanto, recebem contribuições modestas dos cientistas do esporte. A partir daí o estudo objetivou construir conhecimentos sobre possibilidades de elaborar o Plano do Sistema de Treinamento de atletas de categorias de formação. Participaram da pesquisa treinadores das modalidades de Ginástica Artística e Judô. Utilizou-se do método da pesquisa-ação para construir uma tentativa de estabelecer ações de cooperação entre os treinadores participantes da pesquisa e o pesquisador. Foram realizados 10 seminários com cada um dos dois grupos de treinadores a fim de que pudessem produzir, de maneira colaborativa, conhecimentos a respeito do uso de 12 processos relacionados ao planejamento do sistema de treinamento de atletas. São eles: 1) Produzir a análise do sistema de competição; 2) Criar o catálogo de exercícios; Definir procedimentos para monitoramento: 3) da carga de treinamento externa; 4) da carga de treinamento interna; 5) da técnica; 6) da tática; 7) do estado morfológico; 8) do estado funcional; 9) do desempenho nas competições; 10) Definir metas da preparação esportiva relacionadas ao sistema de treinamento; 11) Elaborar o mapa da periodização e registro de microciclo e; 12) Produzir registro de sessão de treinamento. A produção de dados se deu, entre treinadores e o pesquisador, a partir de cinco fontes distintas: entrevistas, conversas informais, mensagens, anotações e observações. Os principais resultados apontam que cada um dos 12 processos de planejamento foi considerado útil e viável de ser implementado pelos treinadores. Tais processos foram percebidos por eles como uma trilha relevante para o aperfeiçoamento do sistema de treinamento de atletas das categorias de formação. Condições de trabalho e disponibilidade de recursos são fatores que limitam os treinadores a usarem os 12 processos de planejamento propostos. A construção coletiva de conhecimentos foi percebida pelos participantes como um fator que beneficiou a aprendizagem. Além disso, trouxe ideias de estratégias de ensino para programas de desenvolvimento de treinadoresAbstract: Researchers working in the field of sports science believe that the knowledge they produce is capable of benefiting the athletes' sports preparation. On the other hand, coaches perceive a series of barriers that limit their access to the knowledge produced by the researchers. Coaches who prepare athletes for the time being receive modest contributions from sports scientists. From there the study aimed to build knowledge about possibilities of elaborating the Training System Plan of youth athletes. Trainers of the modalities of Artistic Gymnastics and Judo participated in the research. The action research approach was used to construct an attempt to establish cooperative actions between the participating coaches and the researcher. Ten seminars were held with each of the two groups of coaches, so that they could collaboratively produce knowledge about the use of 12 processes related to the planning of the athlete training system. They are: 1) Produce the analysis of the competition system; 2) Create the exercise catalog; Define procedures for monitoring: 3) the external training load; 4) the internal training load; 5) the technique; 6) tactics; 7) the morphological state; 8) functional status; 9) performance in competitions; 10) Set training goals related to the training system; 11) To elaborate the microcycle periodization and registration map and; 12) Produce training session record. Data production took place between coaches and the researcher from five distinct sources: interviews, informal conversations, messages, notes and observations. The main results indicate that each of the 12 planning processes was considered useful and viable to be implemented by the coaches. These processes were perceived by them as a relevant trail for the improvement of the training system of youth athletes. Working conditions and resource availability are factors that limit coaches to implement the 12 proposed planning processes. The collective construction of knowledge was perceived by the participants as a factor that benefited learning. Besides that brought ideas of teaching strategies for coach development educational programsDoutoradoBiodinamica do Movimento e EsporteDoutor em Educação FísicaCAPE

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

AMAZONIA CAMTRAP: A data set of mammal, bird, and reptile species recorded with camera traps in the Amazon forest

The Amazon forest has the highest biodiversity on Earth. However, information on Amazonian vertebrate diversity is still deficient and scattered across the published, peer-reviewed, and gray literature and in unpublished raw data. Camera traps are an effective non-invasive method of surveying vertebrates, applicable to different scales of time and space. In this study, we organized and standardized camera trap records from different Amazon regions to compile the most extensive data set of inventories of mammal, bird, and reptile species ever assembled for the area. The complete data set comprises 154,123 records of 317 species (185 birds, 119 mammals, and 13 reptiles) gathered from surveys from the Amazonian portion of eight countries (Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela). The most frequently recorded species per taxa were: mammals: Cuniculus paca (11,907 records); birds: Pauxi tuberosa (3713 records); and reptiles: Tupinambis teguixin (716 records). The information detailed in this data paper opens up opportunities for new ecological studies at different spatial and temporal scales, allowing for a more accurate evaluation of the effects of habitat loss, fragmentation, climate change, and other human-mediated defaunation processes in one of the most important and threatened tropical environments in the world. The data set is not copyright restricted; please cite this data paper when using its data in publications and we also request that researchers and educators inform us of how they are using these data

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.13Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved