Data Descriptor: A global multiproxy database for temperature reconstructions of the Common Era

Reproducible climate reconstructions of the Common Era (1 CE to present) are key to placing industrial-era warming into the context of natural climatic variability. Here we present a community-sourced database of temperature-sensitive proxy records from the PAGES2k initiative. The database gathers 692 records from 648 locations, including all continental regions and major ocean basins. The records are from trees, ice, sediment, corals, speleothems, documentary evidence, and other archives. They range in length from 50 to 2000 years, with a median of 547 years, while temporal resolution ranges from biweekly to centennial. Nearly half of the proxy time series are significantly correlated with HadCRUT4.2 surface temperature over the period 1850-2014. Global temperature composites show a remarkable degree of coherence between high-and low-resolution archives, with broadly similar patterns across archive types, terrestrial versus marine locations, and screening criteria. The database is suited to investigations of global and regional temperature variability over the Common Era, and is shared in the Linked Paleo Data (LiPD) format, including serializations in Matlab, R and Python.(TABLE)Since the pioneering work of D'Arrigo and Jacoby1-3, as well as Mann et al. 4,5, temperature reconstructions of the Common Era have become a key component of climate assessments6-9. Such reconstructions depend strongly on the composition of the underlying network of climate proxies10, and it is therefore critical for the climate community to have access to a community-vetted, quality-controlled database of temperature-sensitive records stored in a self-describing format. The Past Global Changes (PAGES) 2k consortium, a self-organized, international group of experts, recently assembled such a database, and used it to reconstruct surface temperature over continental-scale regions11 (hereafter, ` PAGES2k-2013').This data descriptor presents version 2.0.0 of the PAGES2k proxy temperature database (Data Citation 1). It augments the PAGES2k-2013 collection of terrestrial records with marine records assembled by the Ocean2k working group at centennial12 and annual13 time scales. In addition to these previously published data compilations, this version includes substantially more records, extensive new metadata, and validation. Furthermore, the selection criteria for records included in this version are applied more uniformly and transparently across regions, resulting in a more cohesive data product.This data descriptor describes the contents of the database, the criteria for inclusion, and quantifies the relation of each record with instrumental temperature. In addition, the paleotemperature time series are summarized as composites to highlight the most salient decadal-to centennial-scale behaviour of the dataset and check mutual consistency between paleoclimate archives. We provide extensive Matlab code to probe the database-processing, filtering and aggregating it in various ways to investigate temperature variability over the Common Era. The unique approach to data stewardship and code-sharing employed here is designed to enable an unprecedented scale of investigation of the temperature history of the Common Era, by the scientific community and citizen-scientists alike

The Scientific Significance of Cook's Third Voyage

Conference paper for the 3rd Annual Pacific Islands Studies Conference, "Captain Cook and the Pacific Islands," 1978, UH-Mano

Evaluation of rare and endangered bird research programs for Hawaii's National Parks

Reports were scanned in black and white at a resolution of 600 dots per inch and were converted to text using Adobe Paper Capture Plug-in.The objective of this project was to formulate a plan for a comprehensive research program to study the rare and endangered birds found in Hawai'i's national parks, with emphasis on the research needed to develop sound resource management policies. Ongoing research is described and the additional research needed to develop a comprehensive program is identified. Suggestions are offered for meeting these research needs, and the appropriate role of the National Park Service in supporting such research is discussed. Two problems of special concern to the National Park Service are addressed: 1. It is recommended that one or more NPS representatives in Hawaii appointed to the Fish and Wildlife Service recovery team for the Hawaiian Crow, since Hawaii Volcanoes National Park should be involved in the recovery program. 2. It seems unlikely that large-scale propagation projects, involving captive breeding populations with subsequent release of offspring, will play a significant role in the preservation of endangered Hawaiian birds, especially the honeycreeper. Therefore, it is recommended that NPS resources not be used for construction of extensive facilities for captive propagation projects.National Park Service Contract No. PX 8000 7 002

Hawaii IBP synthesis: 7. impact of exotic plants and animals in Hawai'i

Western Region, National Park Servic