Comparing the effectivness of Natived Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (nMBCT) according to Iranian- Islamic culture and Cognitive- Behavioral Therapy (CBT) on blood presure

زمینه و هدف: در سال‌های اخیر کاربرد شیوه‌های روان‌شناختی در جهت کنترل فشار خون گسترش یافته‌اند؛ لذا این پژوهش با هدف مقایسه تأثیر درمان شناختی مبتنی بر ذهن آگاهی بومی شده (nMBCT) ایرانی- اسلامی و درمان شناختی- رفتاری (CBT) بر میزان فشار خون کارکنان به مرحله ی اجرا درآمد. روش بررسی: در یک طرح پژوهشی نیمه‌ تجربی تعداد 54 نفر از کارکنان شرکت های خدمات رسان آب و فاضلاب، برق و مخابرات استان چهارمحال و بختیاری که فشار خون سیستولیک 140 و بالاتر و دیاستولیک 90 و بالاتر داشتند، به صورت طبقه‌ای نسبتی تصادفی انتخاب و با گمارش تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش و یک گروه کنترل (هر گروه 18 نفر) گمارده شدند. سپس گروه آزمایش (1) طی 8 جلسه 120 دقیقه ای (nMBCT) و گروه آزمایش (2) طی 8 جلسه 120 دقیقه‌ای (CBT) را دریافت کردند. داده‌ها با روش تحلیل واریانس با اندازه‌گیری مکرر تحلیل شدند. یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که در مرحله‌ی پیش‌آزمون تفاوت معنی داری بین فشار خون سیستولیک و دیاستولیک گروه‌های آزمایش و کنترل وجود ندارد؛ اما در مرحله‌ی پس‌آزمون و پیگیری، nMBCT و CBT در مقایسه با گروه کنترل به صورت معنی داری در کاهش فشار خون موثر بودند (01/0P£). به علاوه مشخص شد که در مرحله‌ی پس‌آزمون میزان تأثیر nMBCT در کاهش فشار خون بالاتر از CBT است، ولی در مرحله‌ی پیگیری تفاوت معنی داری بین آن‌ها وجود نداشت (01/0<P). نتیجه گیری: نتیجه گیری شد که شیوه‌های روان‌درمانی و به خصوص nMBCT بر کاهش میزان فشار خون کارکنان تأثیر پایدار دارند

Simulated Evaluation of Tooth Fracture Resistance during Instrumentation with Single-and Multi-file Rotary Systems

Introduction: Use of rotary files in root canal preparation is inevitable due to their high speed and reduced duration of treatment. However, microcracks and even root fracture may sometimes occur in teeth where canal(s) is/are prepared using these devices. The purpose of the current study was to compare NeoNiti single-file with RaCe multi-file rotary systems. Materials and Methods: An accurate scanner designed detailed three-dimensional file models, and a simulated model was developed using canal-specific features; including dentin thickness, root canal length, taper rate and root canal curvature. Cleaning and shaping conditions were simulated with appropriate speed and crack conditions for both types of files on the computer. Strain accumulation sites in the root dentin wall where microcracks was likely to occur were simulated and investigated. Abaqus and ANSYS software were used to perform finite element simulations. Results: RaCe files with 0.04 taper caused the lowest level of stress (34.33 MPa) to the simulated canal. Conversely, the highest level of stress (62.35 MPa) was applied by 8% NeoNiti file to the simulated canal. Conclusions: Based on the present experimental study, it can be concluded that RaCe multi-file rotary system may better be used in endodontic therapy, and the risk of microcracks in the tooth wall is less than that of NeoNiti single-file rotary system

Mapping routine measles vaccination in low- and middle-income countries

The safe, highly effective measles vaccine has been recommended globally since 1974, yet in 2017 there were more than 17 million cases of measles and 83,400 deaths in children under 5 years old, and more than 99% of both occurred in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)(1-4). Globally comparable, annual, local estimates of routine first-dose measles-containing vaccine (MCV1) coverage are critical for understanding geographically precise immunity patterns, progress towards the targets of the Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP), and high-risk areas amid disruptions to vaccination programmes caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)(5-8). Here we generated annual estimates of routine childhood MCV1 coverage at 5 x 5-km(2) pixel and second administrative levels from 2000 to 2019 in 101 LMICs, quantified geographical inequality and assessed vaccination status by geographical remoteness. After widespread MCV1 gains from 2000 to 2010, coverage regressed in more than half of the districts between 2010 and 2019, leaving many LMICs far from the GVAP goal of 80% coverage in all districts by 2019. MCV1 coverage was lower in rural than in urban locations, although a larger proportion of unvaccinated children overall lived in urban locations; strategies to provide essential vaccination services should address both geographical contexts. These results provide a tool for decision-makers to strengthen routine MCV1 immunization programmes and provide equitable disease protection for all children.Peer reviewe

Mapping routine measles vaccination in low- and middle-income countries

The safe, highly effective measles vaccine has been recommended globally since 1974, yet in 2017 there were more than 17 million cases of measles and 83,400 deaths in children under 5 years old, and more than 99% of both occurred in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)1–4. Globally comparable, annual, local estimates of routine first-dose measles-containing vaccine (MCV1) coverage are critical for understanding geographically precise immunity patterns, progress towards the targets of the Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP), and high-risk areas amid disruptions to vaccination programmes caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)5–8. Here we generated annual estimates of routine childhood MCV1 coverage at 5 × 5-km2 pixel and second administrative levels from 2000 to 2019 in 101 LMICs, quantified geographical inequality and assessed vaccination status by geographical remoteness. After widespread MCV1 gains from 2000 to 2010, coverage regressed in more than half of the districts between 2010 and 2019, leaving many LMICs far from the GVAP goal of 80% coverage in all districts by 2019. MCV1 coverage was lower in rural than in urban locations, although a larger proportion of unvaccinated children overall lived in urban locations; strategies to provide essential vaccination services should address both geographical contexts. These results provide a tool for decision-makers to strengthen routine MCV1 immunization programmes and provide equitable disease protection for all children

Mapping routine measles vaccination in low- and middle-income countries

The safe, highly effective measles vaccine has been recommended globally since 1974, yet in 2017 there were more than 17 million cases of measles and 83,400 deaths in children under 5 years old, and more than 99% of both occurred in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)1,2,3,4. Globally comparable, annual, local estimates of routine first-dose measles-containing vaccine (MCV1) coverage are critical for understanding geographically precise immunity patterns, progress towards the targets of the Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP), and high-risk areas amid disruptions to vaccination programmes caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)5,6,7,8. Here we generated annual estimates of routine childhood MCV1 coverage at 5 × 5-km2 pixel and second administrative levels from 2000 to 2019 in 101 LMICs, quantified geographical inequality and assessed vaccination status by geographical remoteness. After widespread MCV1 gains from 2000 to 2010, coverage regressed in more than half of the districts between 2010 and 2019, leaving many LMICs far from the GVAP goal of 80% coverage in all districts by 2019. MCV1 coverage was lower in rural than in urban locations, although a larger proportion of unvaccinated children overall lived in urban locations; strategies to provide essential vaccination services should address both geographical contexts. These results provide a tool for decision-makers to strengthen routine MCV1 immunization programmes and provide equitable disease protection for all children

Mapping routine measles vaccination in low- and middle-income countries

The safe, highly effective measles vaccine has been recommended globally since 1974, yet in 2017 there were more than 17 million cases of measles and 83,400 deaths in children under 5 years old, and more than 99% of both occurred in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)1,2,3,4. Globally comparable, annual, local estimates of routine first-dose measles-containing vaccine (MCV1) coverage are critical for understanding geographically precise immunity patterns, progress towards the targets of the Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP), and high-risk areas amid disruptions to vaccination programmes caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)5,6,7,8. Here we generated annual estimates of routine childhood MCV1 coverage at 5 × 5-km2 pixel and second administrative levels from 2000 to 2019 in 101 LMICs, quantified geographical inequality and assessed vaccination status by geographical remoteness. After widespread MCV1 gains from 2000 to 2010, coverage regressed in more than half of the districts between 2010 and 2019, leaving many LMICs far from the GVAP goal of 80% coverage in all districts by 2019. MCV1 coverage was lower in rural than in urban locations, although a larger proportion of unvaccinated children overall lived in urban locations; strategies to provide essential vaccination services should address both geographical contexts. These results provide a tool for decision-makers to strengthen routine MCV1 immunization programmes and provide equitable disease protection for all children

Mapping routine measles vaccination in low- and middle-income countries

The safe, highly effective measles vaccine has been recommended globally since 1974, yet in 2017 there were more than 17 million cases of measles and 83,400 deaths in children under 5 years old, and more than 99 of both occurred in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)1�4. Globally comparable, annual, local estimates of routine first-dose measles-containing vaccine (MCV1) coverage are critical for understanding geographically precise immunity patterns, progress towards the targets of the Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP), and high-risk areas amid disruptions to vaccination programmes caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)5�8. Here we generated annual estimates of routine childhood MCV1 coverage at 5 � 5-km2 pixel and second administrative levels from 2000 to 2019 in 101 LMICs, quantified geographical inequality and assessed vaccination status by geographical remoteness. After widespread MCV1 gains from 2000 to 2010, coverage regressed in more than half of the districts between 2010 and 2019, leaving many LMICs far from the GVAP goal of 80 coverage in all districts by 2019. MCV1 coverage was lower in rural than in urban locations, although a larger proportion of unvaccinated children overall lived in urban locations; strategies to provide essential vaccination services should address both geographical contexts. These results provide a tool for decision-makers to strengthen routine MCV1 immunization programmes and provide equitable disease protection for all children. © 2020, The Author(s)