Leading the green insurance revolution

Anthropogenic climate change is a significant and growing challenge. Insurance has thus far not taken a leadership role in its response to the challenge, partly because of modeling uncertainties and partly because of unclear customer expectations. It is, however, too large a sector to wait on the sidelines and a more proactive approach is required. The demand for a program we developed for insurance companies in 2021 sends a positive signal for this development. Insurers have started incorporating ESG criteria in their product and service development and have taken steps to control their environmental footprint. Both are challenging, as they involved deep collaboration across the organization and along the value chain. Investment management and risk management have also been evolving to meet the challenge, with the latter especially well-positioned to deliver also market-facing services to insurance customers. Claims handling, however, is not typically considered in an insurer’s footprint and has lagged behind. This is unfortunate, as the potential for a broader societal impact through claims is significant. There are several best practices for transforming organizations to deliver more value along corporate responsibility criteria, and insurance companies need to make treasure of this experience. Further, they need to start developing their purpose beyond purely financial dimensions to align important stakeholders and deliver the promise of insurance as a social good in the 21st Century

Forty years of carabid beetle research in Europe - from taxonomy, biology, ecology and population studies to bioindication, habitat assessment and conservation

Volume: 100Start Page: 55End Page: 14

Injuries in Swiss non-professional soccer : characteristics, causes, costs, and prevention

Background and aims Soccer is a very popular sport in Switzerland. In addition to an increasing number of formal players who play soccer in clubs, many also undertake this sport in non-organised, informal contexts. However, playing soccer is associated with a high risk of injury. In Switzerland, both the number of soccer-related injuries and the corresponding costs have increased considerably in recent years. Consequently, soccer injuries represent a substantial financial and psychosocial burden for society. In recent years, various preventive measures have been taken to reduce injuries related to soccer in Switzerland. In order to be able to develop effective prevention strategies, knowledge about injury characteristics, causes, mechanisms and risk factors is essential. Nevertheless, there are fewer studies focussing on injuries in non-professional soccer than in professional soccer. In particular, detailed information is scarce about soccer-related injuries amongst specific groups of players, injury causes and mechanisms, and injury costs. Likewise, little is known about the implementation of preventive measures in the real-world context of amateur soccer. This is primarily due to the fact that such investigations are very time-consuming and difficult to carry out. Thus, the overall aim of this PhD thesis is to expand the knowledge about injuries in Swiss non-professional soccer, in particular by focussing on injury setting, characteristics, causes, and costs. Another fundamental aim of this thesis is to analyse changes in the incidence of injury in Swiss amateur soccer and to examine the implementation of preventive measures in a real-world context. Methods Two fully structured, retrospective telephone surveys were conducted. In the first survey, the Suva study, a random sample of 708 persons who were injured while playing soccer between July 2013 and June 2014 and who reported this accident to the Swiss National Accident Insurance Fund (Suva) were interviewed in detail about the injury context, injury characteristics and injury causes. One year after the accident, the responses from the interviews were linked to the corresponding injury costs provided by Suva. In the second survey, the coaches study carried out in 2015, a representative sample of 1008 Swiss amateur soccer coaches were interviewed about the frequency of injuries in their teams and the implementation of preventive measures and injury prevention programmes. 1076 injuries which occurred during 3964 amateur soccer games and 525 injuries which occurred during 8338 training sessions were analysed. The information collected was compared with two previous surveys of Swiss amateur soccer coaches conducted in 2008 (n = 1015) and 2004 (n = 1029). Results Analysis showed that 30% of injuries in non-professional soccer requiring medical attention happened during informal soccer play, 21% during formal training and 49% during formal soccer games. Furthermore, there were key differences between these non-professional soccer settings with regard to injury characteristics, causes and injury incidence. We identified players in the 30+/40+ league as a target group for injury prevention. Their injury incidence was significantly higher compared to players from other leagues; they were more likely to report a severe game injury; and they caused above-average injury costs. In addition, 30+/40+ league teams less frequently implemented preventive measures and injury prevention programmes than teams from other leagues. Changes in the incidence of injury in amateur soccer between 2004, 2008, and 2015 indicate that Swiss amateur soccer may have increased in intensity, including higher forces of impact and speeds. We observed an increase in the incidence of injuries requiring medical attention, of contact injuries during games, and of non-contact injuries during training. Furthermore, during games, the incidence of bone fractures and sprains as well as knee and upper limb injuries also increased during this period. In the 2015 survey we found that Swiss amateur soccer coaches are generally willing to implement preventive measures. However, only 22% of coaches implemented an existing prevention programme according to minimal standards. This proportion was the same as in the 2008 survey, although an additional prevention programme was available in 2015. Knee injuries were not only common in Swiss non-professional soccer, but they also had notable impact in terms of severity and costs of an injury. A significant increase of the incidence of knee injuries was found between 2004 and 2015. With respect to injury causes, the proportion of injuries caused by contact with an opponent and foul play was significantly higher during formal games than during formal training and informal play. Based on the referees’ assessment, in 27% of injuries foul play was the cause of injury during formal games. A detailed analysis of injury situations showed that being tackled by an opponent was associated with a higher likelihood of reporting a severe injury while foul play was not. Additionally, twisting and turning was a frequent cause of severe injuries and high injury costs. Conclusions The studies presented within this PhD thesis provide a detailed picture of injuries in Swiss non-professional soccer, which should form the basis for further improvements in injury prevention. New approaches are needed to increase the proper implementation of prevention programmes in Swiss amateur soccer in general and in individual risk groups such as 30+/40+ league players in particular. In addition, the reduction of contact and foul play injuries during games must be a central objective in the future. To this end, various measures must be considered, such as rule adjustments, stricter rule enforcement by referees, and less competitive ways of playing adapted to amateur soccer leagues

Einsatz der Celonis Intelligent Business Cloud in der Lehre

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Process Mining als Analytics Tool in der Lehre

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Injury Prevention in Amateur Soccer: A Nation-Wide Study on Implementation and Associations with Injury Incidence

Prevention programmes can reduce injury risk in amateur soccer. Hence, we examined the implementation of injury prevention in the real-world context of Swiss amateur soccer. In 2004 (n = 1029), 2008 (n = 705) and 2015 (n = 1008), a representative sample of Swiss amateur soccer coaches was interviewed by telephone about the frequency of injuries in their teams, the implementation of preventive measures and the use of injury prevention programmes. In the 2015 survey, 86.1% of amateur coaches stated that injury prevention is important and 85.3% of amateur coaches reported that they would implement some kind of preventive measures. The proportion of teams which performed a prevention programme according to minimal standards remained unchanged between 2008 (21.7%) and 2015 (21.9%), although a second prevention programme was made available in 2011. Only 8.6% of the 30+/40+ league teams, which are composed as a function of age, implemented a programme. Overall, the level of implementation of prevention programmes in this real-world context is still unsatisfactory. Offering an additional programme did not lead to a higher willingness to implement such programmes among the coaches. Concerted efforts are needed to remove barriers that hinder the use of such programmes, particularly among coaches of 30+/40+ league teams

Costs resulting from nonprofessional soccer injuries in Switzerland: A detailed analysis

Soccer injuries constitute an important public health problem and cause a high economic burden. Nevertheless, comprehensive data regarding injury costs in nonprofessional soccer are missing. The aim of this study was to determine which groups of nonprofessional soccer athletes, injury types, and injury situations caused high injury costs.; A cross-sectional, retrospective telephone survey was carried out with a random sample of persons who had sustained a soccer injury between July 2013 and June 2014 and who had reported this accident to the Swiss National Accident Insurance Fund (Suva). One year after the corresponding accident, every injury was linked to its costs and to the answers obtained in the interview about injury setting, injury characteristics, and injury causes. Finally, the costs of 702 injuries were analyzed.; The average cost of an injury in nonprofessional soccer amounted to Euro4030 (bias-corrected and accelerated 95% confidence interval (BCa 95%CI): 3427-4719). Persons aged 30 years and older experienced 35% of soccer injuries but accounted for 49% of all costs. A total of 58% of all costs were the result of injuries that occurred during amateur games. In particular, game injuries sustained by players in separate leagues for players aged 30+/40+ years led to high average costs of Euro8190 (BCa 95%CI: 5036-11,645). Knee injuries accounted for 25% of all injuries and were responsible for 53% of all costs. Although contact and foul play did not lead to above-average costs, twisting or turning situations were highly cost relevant, leading to an average sum of Euro7710 (BCa 95%CI: 5376-10,466) per injury.; Nonprofessional soccer players aged 30 years and older and particularly players in 30+/40+ leagues had above-average injury costs. Furthermore, the prevention of knee injuries, noncontact and nonfoul play injuries, and injuries caused by twisting and turning should be of highest priority in decreasing health care costs

Injuries in formal and informal non-professional soccer - an overview of injury context, causes, and characteristics

The objective of this study is to analyse context, causes, and characteristics of injuries in non-professional soccer. Therefore, a retrospective telephone survey was carried out with persons who were injured while playing soccer and who reported this accident to the Swiss National Accident Insurance Fund (Suva). Based on these data, an analysis of 708 soccer injuries was performed. The findings show that 30.1% of the injuries occurred during informal soccer play, and 75.4% of the injured persons were soccer club members. 53.0% of all injuries were caused by contact and 29.5% by foul play. Foul play was not associated with injury severity. With respect to injury severity, twisting/turning and being tackled by an opponent were identified as the most influental injury causes. Moreover, the risk of being severely injured was particularly high players of the 30+/40+ amateur leagues. In conclusion, the findings highlight that 30+/40+ league players are a major target group for the prevention of severe soccer injuries. Soccer clubs may constitute an appropriate multiplier for implementing prevention strategies such as fair play education, healthy play behaviours, and prevention programmes. Finally, a better understanding of injury situations leading to severe injuries is needed to improve injury prevention

Changes in injury incidences and causes in Swiss amateur soccer between the years 2004 and 2015

Injury prevention in amateur soccer has been promoted in recent years, but only a few studies have addressed long-term changes in injury incidence in amateur soccer. However, better knowledge of changes with respect to injury incidences and causes could make an important contribution to improving prevention strategies.; The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term development of injury incidence in Swiss amateur soccer with respect to level of play, injury causes and injury characteristics.; A representative sample of about 1000 Swiss amateur soccer coaches was interviewed by telephone in 2004, 2008 and 2015. They were asked to recall their last game and to report details on all injuries. For every injury, the coaches were asked to remember injury characteristics and causes. The same procedure was repeated for all games that took place during the previous 4 weeks. Additionally, all training injuries in the previous 4 weeks were recorded in detail.; The incidence of game injuries decreased between the years 2004 and 2008 from 15.1 (95% confidence interval [CI] 14.2-16.0) to 13.3 (95% CI 12.4-14.2) injuries per 1000 hours, and increased between the years 2008 and 2015 to 16.5 (95% CI 15.5-17.4) injuries per 1000 hours. Between 2004 and 2015, the rate of contact injuries during games increased by 19.1%. The incidence of foul play injuries in games increased by 25.5% between 2008 and 2015. The rise in total training injury incidence between the years 2004 (2.4, 95% CI 2.2-2.7) and 2015 (2.9, 95% CI 2.6-3.1) was caused by a 22.2% higher rate of noncontact injuries. During the same period, game and training injury incidences increased across all amateur soccer leagues without exception, but these changes did not reach statistical significance. In 2015, the incidence of injuries leading to medical attention was higher than in 2004 (game 20.0%, training 37.5%).; There is evidence that injury incidence in Swiss amateur soccer has increased in past years.