Psychological characteristics of waterpolo referees in Spain

El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar diferentes habilidades psicológicas en los árbitros de waterpolo. Para ello se utilizó el “Cuestionario de Características Psicológicas Relacionadas con el Rendimiento Deportivo (CPRD) (Gimeno, Buceta y Pérez Llanta, 2001) con el fin de medir diferentes factores (control del estrés, influencia de la evaluación del rendimiento, motivación, habilidad mental y cohesión de equipo). La muestra utilizada estaba formada por 40 árbitros de waterpolo que forman parte del Comité Nacional de Árbitros de la Real Federación Española de Natación. Los resultados muestran que la experiencia, edad o internacionalidad del árbitro no influyen en ninguno de los factores psicológicos estudiados. Además, el grupo de árbitros que declaró “entrenar” obtuvo una media mayor en el factor motivación que el grupo que no lo hacía. Por último, sí hemos encontrado una alta correlación entre los factores “influencia de la evaluación del rendimiento” y “control del estrés”

A multi-stage genome-wide association study of bladder cancer identifies multiple susceptibility loci.

We conducted a multi-stage, genome-wide association study of bladder cancer with a primary scan of 591,637 SNPs in 3,532 affected individuals (cases) and 5,120 controls of European descent from five studies followed by a replication strategy, which included 8,382 cases and 48,275 controls from 16 studies. In a combined analysis, we identified three new regions associated with bladder cancer on chromosomes 22q13.1, 19q12 and 2q37.1: rs1014971, (P = 8 × 10⁻¹²) maps to a non-genic region of chromosome 22q13.1, rs8102137 (P = 2 × 10⁻¹¹) on 19q12 maps to CCNE1 and rs11892031 (P = 1 × 10⁻⁷) maps to the UGT1A cluster on 2q37.1. We confirmed four previously identified genome-wide associations on chromosomes 3q28, 4p16.3, 8q24.21 and 8q24.3, validated previous candidate associations for the GSTM1 deletion (P = 4 × 10⁻¹¹) and a tag SNP for NAT2 acetylation status (P = 4 × 10⁻¹¹), and found interactions with smoking in both regions. Our findings on common variants associated with bladder cancer risk should provide new insights into the mechanisms of carcinogenesis

A multi-stage genome-wide association study of bladder cancer identifies multiple susceptibility loci.

We conducted a multi-stage, genome-wide association study of bladder cancer with a primary scan of 591,637 SNPs in 3,532 affected individuals (cases) and 5,120 controls of European descent from five studies followed by a replication strategy, which included 8,382 cases and 48,275 controls from 16 studies. In a combined analysis, we identified three new regions associated with bladder cancer on chromosomes 22q13.1, 19q12 and 2q37.1: rs1014971, (P = 8 × 10⁻¹²) maps to a non-genic region of chromosome 22q13.1, rs8102137 (P = 2 × 10⁻¹¹) on 19q12 maps to CCNE1 and rs11892031 (P = 1 × 10⁻⁷) maps to the UGT1A cluster on 2q37.1. We confirmed four previously identified genome-wide associations on chromosomes 3q28, 4p16.3, 8q24.21 and 8q24.3, validated previous candidate associations for the GSTM1 deletion (P = 4 × 10⁻¹¹) and a tag SNP for NAT2 acetylation status (P = 4 × 10⁻¹¹), and found interactions with smoking in both regions. Our findings on common variants associated with bladder cancer risk should provide new insights into the mechanisms of carcinogenesis

Genetic Variation in the TP53 Pathway and Bladder Cancer Risk. A Comprehensive Analysis

Introduction: Germline variants in TP63 have been consistently associated with several tumors, including bladder cancer, indicating the importance of TP53 pathway in cancer genetic susceptibility. However, variants in other related genes, including TP53 rs1042522 (Arg72Pro), still present controversial results. We carried out an in depth assessment of associations between common germline variants in the TP53 pathway and bladder cancer risk. Material and Methods: We investigated 184 tagSNPs from 18 genes in 1,058 cases and 1,138 controls from the Spanish Bladder Cancer/EPICURO Study. Cases were newly-diagnosed bladder cancer patients during 1998–2001. Hospital controls were age-gender, and area matched to cases. SNPs were genotyped in blood DNA using Illumina Golden Gate and TaqMan assays. Cases were subphenotyped according to stage/grade and tumor p53 expression. We applied classical tests to assess individual SNP associations and the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO)-penalized logistic regression analysis to assess multiple SNPs simultaneously. Results: Based on classical analyses, SNPs in BAK1 (1), IGF1R (5), P53AIP1 (1), PMAIP1 (2), SERINPB5 (3), TP63 (3), and TP73 (1) showed significant associations at p-value#0.05. However, no evidence of association, either with overall risk or with specific disease subtypes, was observed after correction for multiple testing (p-value$0.8). LASSO selected the SNP rs6567355 in SERPINB5 with 83% of reproducibility. This SNP provided an OR = 1.21, 95%CI 1.05–1.38, p-value = 0.006, and a corrected p-value = 0.5 when controlling for over-estimation. Discussion: We found no strong evidence that common variants in the TP53 pathway are associated with bladder cancer susceptibility. Our study suggests that it is unlikely that TP53 Arg72Pro is implicated in the UCB in white Europeans. SERPINB5 and TP63 variation deserve further exploration in extended studies.This work was supported by the Fondo de Investigacion Sanitaria, Spain (grant numbers 00/0745, PI051436, PI061614, G03/174); Red Tematica de Investigacion Cooperativa en Cancer (grant number RD06/0020-RTICC), Spain; Marato TV3 (grant number 050830); European Commission (grant numbers EU-FP7-HEALTH-F2-2008-201663-UROMOL; US National Institutes of Health (grant number USA-NIH-RO1-CA089715); and the Intramural Research Program of the Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health, USA; Consolider ONCOBIO (Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, Madrid, Spain). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript

Application of Multi-SNP Approaches Bayesian LASSO and AUC-RF to Detect Main Effects of Inflammatory-Gene Variants Associated with Bladder Cancer Risk

The relationship between inflammation and cancer is well established in several tumor types, including bladder cancer. We performed an association study between 886 inflammatory-gene variants and bladder cancer risk in 1,047 cases and 988 controls from the Spanish Bladder Cancer (SBC)/EPICURO Study. A preliminary exploration with the widely used univariate logistic regression approach did not identify any significant SNP after correcting for multiple testing. We further applied two more comprehensive methods to capture the complexity of bladder cancer genetic susceptibility: Bayesian Threshold LASSO (BTL), a regularized regression method, and AUC-Random Forest, a machine-learning algorithm. Both approaches explore the joint effect of markers. BTL analysis identified a signature of 37 SNPs in 34 genes showing an association with bladder cancer. AUC-RF detected an optimal predictive subset of 56 SNPs. 13 SNPs were identified by both methods in the total population. Using resources from the Texas Bladder Cancer study we were able to replicate 30% of the SNPs assessed. The associations between inflammatory SNPs and bladder cancer were reexamined among non-smokers to eliminate the effect of tobacco, one of the strongest and most prevalent environmental risk factor for this tumor. A 9 SNP-signature was detected by BTL. Here we report, for the first time, a set of SNP in inflammatory genes jointly associated with bladder cancer risk. These results highlight the importance of the complex structure of genetic susceptibility associated with cancer risk.The work was partially supported by the Fondo de Investigacion Sanitaria, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (G03/174, 00/0745, PI051436, PI061614, PI09-02102, G03/174 and Sara Borrell fellowship to ELM) and Ministry of Science and Innovation (MTM2008-06747-C02-02 and FPU fellowship award to VU), Spain; AGAUR-Generalitat de Catalunya (Grant 2009SGR-581); Fundaciola Maratode TV3; Red Tematica de Investigacion Cooperativa en Cancer (RTICC); Asociacion Espanola Contra el Cancer (AECC); EU-FP7-201663; and RO1-CA089715 and CA34627; the Spanish National Institute for Bioinformatics (www.inab.org); and by the Intramural Research Program of the Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, USA. MD Anderson support for this project included U01 CA 127615 (XW); R01 CA 74880 (XW); P50 CA 91846 (XW, CPD); Betty B. Marcus Chair fund in Cancer Prevention (XW); UT Research Trust fund (XW) and R01 CA 131335 (JG)

Large-Scale Pathway-Based Analysis of Bladder Cancer Genome-Wide Association Data from Five Studies of European Background

Pathway analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) offer a unique opportunity to collectively evaluate genetic variants with effects that are too small to be detected individually. We applied a pathway analysis to a bladder cancer GWAS containing data from 3,532 cases and 5,120 controls of European background (n = 5 studies). Thirteen hundred and ninety-nine pathways were drawn from five publicly available resources (Biocarta, Kegg, NCI-PID, HumanCyc, and Reactome), and we constructed 22 additional candidate pathways previously hypothesized to be related to bladder cancer. In total, 1421 pathways, 5647 genes and ∼90,000 SNPs were included in our study. Logistic regression model adjusting for age, sex, study, DNA source, and smoking status was used to assess the marginal trend effect of SNPs on bladder cancer risk. Two complementary pathway-based methods (gene-set enrichment analysis [GSEA], and adapted rank-truncated product [ARTP]) were used to assess the enrichment of association signals within each pathway. Eighteen pathways were detected by either GSEA or ARTP at P≤0.01. To minimize false positives, we used the I2 statistic to identify SNPs displaying heterogeneous effects across the five studies. After removing these SNPs, seven pathways (‘Aromatic amine metabolism’ [PGSEA = 0.0100, PARTP = 0.0020], ‘NAD biosynthesis’ [PGSEA = 0.0018, PARTP = 0.0086], ‘NAD salvage’ [PARTP = 0.0068], ‘Clathrin derived vesicle budding’ [PARTP = 0.0018], ‘Lysosome vesicle biogenesis’ [PGSEA = 0.0023, PARTP<0.00012], ’Retrograde neurotrophin signaling’ [PGSEA = 0.00840], and ‘Mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition’ [PGSEA = 0.0040]) remained. These pathways seem to belong to three fundamental cellular processes (metabolic detoxification, mitosis, and clathrin-mediated vesicles). Identification of the aromatic amine metabolism pathway provides support for the ability of this approach to identify pathways with established relevance to bladder carcinogenesis

Implementación de un programa de actividad física en el centro de educación de personas adultas de un establecimiento penitenciario

El objetivo general de este estudio es analizar el impacto de un programa de actividad físico-deportiva integrado en el programa de educación de personas adultas, identificando las implicaciones específicas derivadas de su aplicación en un contexto penitenciario. De este modo, se diseñó e implementó un programa deportivo en un grupo concreto del centro de educación de personas adultas de un establecimiento penitenciario. Este programa tuvo una duración de un curso escolar, habiendo propuesto previamente una prueba piloto de dos meses de duración, en otro grupo diferente del mismo centro y el mismo establecimiento penitenciario. Se empleó de manera predominante una metodología cualitativa, donde el profesor del programa fue el investigador principal, recogiéndose datos mediante registros de asistencia, entrevistas semiestructuradas, cuestionarios (antes, durante y después de la actividad) y un diario de campo con notas del investigador. Los resultados evidenciaron que la asistencia de los participantes fue ligeramente superior en el programa deportivo que la del mismo grupo a la escuela de adultos, produciéndose una renovación en la composición inicial del grupo de un 50% y teniendo un alto grado de aceptación las sesiones por parte de los participantes. En relación a la gestión, quedó constatado que los programas deportivos suscitan interés en el medio penitenciario y que los factores económicos pueden condicionar la práctica deportiva en el centro. Por otro lado, también se evidenció que es posible una transmisión de valores éticos a través de la actividad física en un contexto penitenciario y que esta tiene beneficios sobre los internos participantes. También pudo comprobarse que la actividad física no puede garantizar la reinserción social de los internos, si bien contribuye a la reeducación de la persona en prisión, existiendo programas individuales de tratamiento donde la actividad física es incluida. Cabe destacar, como limitación en el estudio, que fue llevado a cabo con una muestra reducida y en un contexto determinado, por lo que la extrapolación de resultados debería realizarse con cautela

The Association of Mediterranean Diet during Pregnancy with Longitudinal Body Mass Index Trajectories and Cardiometabolic Risk in Early Childhood

International audienceIn this paper, we propose a semantic and pragmatic analysis of the French lexicalized expression toujours est-il que which marks a return to the main discourse topic (Van Dijk, 1976; Charolles, 2003). At first, through the analysis of real examples and of their typical context, it is shown that this lexicalized expression expresses a de dicto aspectual value (Martin, 1987). Then, we show it is necessary to take into account the de dicto value of this locution in order to study the information structure of discursive patterns in which it is employed. In this locution, the aspectual adverb toujours does not concern the content anymore, but the speaker’s commitment. It indicates that the initial point of view (Nølke, 1994) is still valid (persistence value), in spite of what has been said meanwhile.On se propose d’étudier le fonctionnement sémantico-pragmatique de la locution adverbiale toujours est-il que et son rôle dans la répartition des informations et l’organisation du discours. Il apparaît que cette locution marque fondamentalement un retour à un topique de discours (Van Dijk, 1976 ; Charolles, 2003) après ce qu’on peut appeler « une séquence intercalée » comportant généralement l’expression d’une incertitude, ou d’une ignorance, mais pouvant également correspondre à une simple digression. Nous montrons alors comment le fonctionnement pragmatique de toujours est-il que prend son origine dans sa structure syntactico-sémantique, et s’explique notamment à partir de la valeur de persistance de toujours transposée sur l’axe de dicto (Martin, 1987). Pris dans la locution, l’adverbe d’aspect ne porte plus sur le contenu mais sur la prise en charge de l’assertion pour signaler le maintien et la réaffirmation d’un point de vue (Nølke, 1994) : le point de vue persiste en dépit de ce qui vient d’être dit, et des doutes qui ont pu éventuellement être formulés entre-temps