EFFECT OF COMPOST AND SOME BIO-STIMULANT TREATMENTS ON: B. ESSENTIAL OIL PRODUCTION AND SOME CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF CUMIN

A field experiment was carried out at the experimental farm of Fac. of Agric., Minia Univ. during two seasons (2012/2013 and 2013/2014) to study the effect of compost (0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5 ton/fed) and eight bio-stimulants treatments salicylic acid (Sal.) at 100 and 200 ppm, ascorbic acid (Asc.) at 100 and 200 ppm, active yeast at 5 and 10 g/l, vitamin E at 50 and 100 ppm and control) on oil production and chemical constituents of cumin plants. The data indicated that using compost at 7.5 ton/fed significantly increased essential oil production parameters, photosynthetic pigments contents and N, P and K % comparing with other treatments. Also, data showed that all eight used treatments of bio-stimulants significantly increased essential oil production (oil %, oil yield/plant and /fed) and chemical constituents (pigments and N, P and K %) as compared with control in both seasons, except, vit. E (50 ppm) in the second season for chlorophyll (a and b) and carotenoids, as well as, active yeast (5 g/l) for chlorophyll a in both season and phosphorus % in the first season. The best treatments were Sal. and Asc.  at the rate of 200 ppm in most cases and vit. E (100 ppm) and active yeast (10 g/l) in some cases, especially chemical constituents

EFFECT OF COMPOST AND SOME BIO-STIMULANT TREATMENTS ON: A. GROWTH AND FRUIT YIELD PRODUCTION OF CUMIN (CUMINUM CYMINUM, L.) PLANTS

A field experiment was carried out at the experimental farm of Fac. of Agric., Minia Univ. during two seasons (2012/2013 and 2013/2014) to study the effect of compost (0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5 ton/fed) and eight bio-stimulant treatments (salicylic acid (Sal.) at 100 and 200 ppm, ascorbic acid (Asc.) at 100 and 200 ppm, active yeast at 5 and 10 g/l, vit. E at 50 and 100 ppm and control) on growth and fruit yield production of cumin plants. The data showed that using 7.5 ton/fed compost significantly increased vegetative growth parameters (plant height, stem diameter, number of branches/plant and herb dry weight/plant) and yield and yield components characters (number of umbels/plant, fruit yield/plant and / weight of 1000 fruits) comparing with other treatments. Treating plants with Sal., Asc., active yeast and vit. E, each at two concentrations significantly increased vegetative growth parameters and yield and yield component characters comparing with control treatment, except Asc. at 100 ppm for weight of 1000 fruits during the first season. The best treatments were Sal. followed by Asc., then active yeast and vit. E, each at high concentrations in this concern

EFFECT OF COMPOST, BIO AND NPK FERTILIZATION ON ESSENTIAL OIL PRODUCTION OF YARROW FLOWERING TOPS, ACHILLEA MILLEFOLIUM, L.

The effects of compost (5, 7.5 and 10 ton/fed), NPK (50, 75 and 100%) and/or Effective micro-organisms/Minia Azotein fertilization on plant height, number and dry weight of flowering tops/plant and essential oil productivity (% and yield/plant) were investigated during 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 at the experimental farm, Fac. of Agric., Minia Univ. All treatments of compost significantly increased, plant height, number and dry weight of flowering tops/plant, as well as, essential oil percent and yield/plant. The high level of compost was more effective in this concern. The used of mineral NPK (100%) followed by 75% NPK + E.M. + M.A. treatments were the best results in increasing all previous characters. Generally supplying yarrow plants with compost at the rate of 10 ton/fed and fertilizing plants with NPK (100%) or reduce dose at (75% NPK) plus E.M. + M.A. gave overall the highest values of previous traits

Aluminium dross/ soda lime glass waste-derived high-quality glass foam

This work introduces for the first time the use of waste aluminium dross obtained from the aluminium industry as a foaming agent to produce sustainable foam glasses from soda-lime glass powders derived from the lapping machine. The resulting foam briquettes (8ⅹ8ⅹ8 cm3) have a crack-free, 3-D cellular structure with closed pores whose geometries varied between elliptical-, pentagonal-, and hexagonal-shaped constructions. These glass foams demonstrate a lightweight (≥0.28 g/cm3), high CCS (≤12 MPa), low thermal conductivity (0.11–0.21 W/m-K), and contain more than ∼ 85 vol.% gas bubbles enclosed between 15 vol.% impervious glass walls. These properties are in line with the requirements of the international standard for commercial glass foams, revealing their strong capability to be used in potential applications in sustainable buildings and energy efficiency in the industry

أثر الإستثمارات فى الطلب على عنصر العمل البشرى فى القطاع الزراعى المصرى

Investment is considered one of the most important tools for increasing Gross Domestic Product in Egypt. The agricultural sector is considered one of the pioneer sectors for realization of economic development in Egypt. On the other hand encouragement of the increase in investment rates, is considered one of the goals of the economic development in Egypt, where the realization of the development is not possible without the abundance of a suitable rate of investment that lead to more demand on labor. Egypt has faced several problems that hindered the economic development such as: the general state budget’s deficit, the increase of deficit in the balance of payments, the higher rate of inflation either by demand inflation or by production costs inflation, the higher rates of unemployment, and in addition to the existence of structural defects between the fiscal and monetary policies. The problem and objective of this study are concerned with the role of investment in increasing the demand on human labor input in the agricultural sector, in the shade of fiscal and monetary policies. The research applied simple regression and simultaneous equations models by three stages least squares (3SLS) during (1990-2007). The results indicated to the effectiveness of expanded fiscal policy to increase the demand on labor, either by increase government expenditure or decrease taxes that lead to increase production, consumption, labor, and further job opportunities. Also the implementation of an expanding monetary policy based on the reduction of the interest rate in order to encourage the investment that is necessary for pushing forward the economic development’s wheel. Recommendations are related to applying expanded monetary policy to encourage investment, especially in the intensive labor projects, and expanded fiscal policy by reducing taxes and increasing government expenditure to increase production, consumption, and employment

أثر الإستثمارات فى الطلب على عنصر العمل البشرى فى القطاع الزراعى المصرى

Investment is considered one of the most important tools for increasing Gross Domestic Product in Egypt. The agricultural sector is considered one of the pioneer sectors for realization of economic development in Egypt. On the other hand encouragement of the increase in investment rates, is considered one of the goals of the economic development in Egypt, where the realization of the development is not possible without the abundance of a suitable rate of investment that lead to more demand on labor. Egypt has faced several problems that hindered the economic development such as: the general state budget’s deficit, the increase of deficit in the balance of payments, the higher rate of inflation either by demand inflation or by production costs inflation, the higher rates of unemployment, and in addition to the existence of structural defects between the fiscal and monetary policies. The problem and objective of this study are concerned with the role of investment in increasing the demand on human labor input in the agricultural sector, in the shade of fiscal and monetary policies. The research applied simple regression and simultaneous equations models by three stages least squares (3SLS) during (1990-2007). The results indicated to the effectiveness of expanded fiscal policy to increase the demand on labor, either by increase government expenditure or decrease taxes that lead to increase production, consumption, labor, and further job opportunities. Also the implementation of an expanding monetary policy based on the reduction of the interest rate in order to encourage the investment that is necessary for pushing forward the economic development’s wheel. Recommendations are related to applying expanded monetary policy to encourage investment, especially in the intensive labor projects, and expanded fiscal policy by reducing taxes and increasing government expenditure to increase production, consumption, and employment

Longitudinal changes in peri-papillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in patients with unilateral branch retinal vein occlusion

Background: Associations between retinal venous occlusion (RVO), elevated intraocular pressure, and glaucoma have been reported. Further investigations into structural alterations in the fellow eyes of individuals with unilateral RVO have revealed that the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer is thinner than in healthy eyes, suggesting that there may be systemic risk factors common to both RVO and glaucoma. We aimed to evaluate changes in peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (pRNFLT) among individuals with unilateral branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Methods: This prospective observational study recruited 30 individuals (60 eyes) with newly diagnosed unilateral BRVO and macular edema, and a control group of 30 healthy individuals (30 eyes) with no abnormalities on fundus examination or concurrent systemic comorbidities. After baseline measurements, the participants were reassessed at 6, 12, and 24 months by measuring global and sectoral pRNFLT using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Results: The mean age and sex distributions were comparable between the patient and control groups (both P > 0.05). When compared to fellow eyes, global and sectoral pRNFLT in eyes with BRVO were significantly higher at baseline (all P < 0.05). Over time, pRNFLT decreased dramatically, and by the conclusion of the two-year follow-up, there was a significant reduction from baseline in the affected eyes (all P < 0.05). Likewise, affected eyes experienced a significant improvement in best-corrected distance visual acuity and central macular thickness over the two-year follow-up (both P Less than or equal to 0.001). Comparing the global and all-sector pRNFLT of fellow eyes in the patient group with those of normal eyes in the control group, there were no significant differences at any visit, except in the temporal sector, which revealed a significant reduction in pRNFLT at 24 months in the fellow eyes of patients with unilateral BRVO (P = 0.02).   Conclusions: Patients with unilateral BRVO experienced a significant reduction in pRNFLT in the affected eyes and, to a lesser extent, in the fellow eyes, compared with that of the control arm, suggesting that they are prone to retinal nerve fiber layer damage. The reduction in pRNFLT in the normal fellow eyes of patients with BRVO may be attributed to age or concurrent systemic comorbidities. Further studies with long follow-up periods are required to shed light on the etiology of functional and structural changes in both the retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell complex in the normal and affected eyes of patients with unilateral BRVO

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Burnout among surgeons before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: an international survey

Background: SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had many significant impacts within the surgical realm, and surgeons have been obligated to reconsider almost every aspect of daily clinical practice. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study reported in compliance with the CHERRIES guidelines and conducted through an online platform from June 14th to July 15th, 2020. The primary outcome was the burden of burnout during the pandemic indicated by the validated Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure. Results: Nine hundred fifty-four surgeons completed the survey. The median length of practice was 10 years; 78.2% included were male with a median age of 37 years old, 39.5% were consultants, 68.9% were general surgeons, and 55.7% were affiliated with an academic institution. Overall, there was a significant increase in the mean burnout score during the pandemic; longer years of practice and older age were significantly associated with less burnout. There were significant reductions in the median number of outpatient visits, operated cases, on-call hours, emergency visits, and research work, so, 48.2% of respondents felt that the training resources were insufficient. The majority (81.3%) of respondents reported that their hospitals were included in the management of COVID-19, 66.5% felt their roles had been minimized; 41% were asked to assist in non-surgical medical practices, and 37.6% of respondents were included in COVID-19 management. Conclusions: There was a significant burnout among trainees. Almost all aspects of clinical and research activities were affected with a significant reduction in the volume of research, outpatient clinic visits, surgical procedures, on-call hours, and emergency cases hindering the training. Trial registration: The study was registered on clicaltrials.gov "NCT04433286" on 16/06/2020

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication